Concrete is a material normally exposed to deterioration mechanisms that can reduce its service life. Among them, a widespread pathology is the carbonation: a natural reaction in concrete structures that occur due to the absorption of carbon dioxide (CO2) present in the atmosphere by this material. Moderate carbonation rates can be beneficial to concrete. However, it causes the neutralization of the cement alkalis, reducing the hydrogenionic potential of this material. This study object was the Ship Lock 1, component of the Transposition System of Tucurui Dam, which concrete has on average 33 years. Being a hydraulic structure, the concrete is inevitably exposed to alternating floods and droughts, obtaining, as product, the wear of its surface and the exposure of aggregates. Therefore, the surface wear, an abrasive effect of the water flow, is also a common deterioration mechanism of the concrete, especially in case that it is placed in the hydraulic surface of a dam. To this work concerns the analysis of the aforementioned processes, carbonation and surface wear of the concrete, as well as their interrelationship. Eleven samples of the vestments of the Ship Lock 1 were extracted in three pre-established horizontal bands, one above the maximum level of the water: reference for the present research. The depth of carbonation and surface wear were recorded. It was observed that the carbonation depth in the reference cores was larger, however, its surface wear was almost null. Moreover, those extracted in the bands stated below the maximum water level showed opposite results.