Shift In Food Preference Research Articles

Relationship Between Stress and Emotional Eating

In contemporary society, stress is a ubiquitous experience, with well-documented effects on health and well-being. Stress can significantly impact eating habits, leading to changes such as overeating, undereating, or choosing unhealthy foods. Nonetheless, the nexus between stress and eating habits remains less elucidated. The aim of this paper is to explore the intricate relationship between stress and eating habits, delving into the psychological mechanisms that underpin this connection. Recent research highlights that stress can wield a significant impact on eating habits, leading to shifts in food preferences, heightened consumption of calorie-rich foods, and an increased susceptibility to obesity and related health issues. Furthermore, studies suggest that stress-induced alterations in eating behavior may be orchestrated by a complex interplay of psychological factors, including emotional regulation, reward processing, and cognitive control. This paper synthesizes the latest research on the relationship between stress and eating habits, with a particular focus on the underlying mechanisms.

ASSESSMENT OF QUANTITATIVE LOSSES IN DIFFERENT WHEAT VARIETIES DUE TO RICE WEEVIL (SITOPHILUS ORYZAE L.)

A rapidly rising population and a shift in food preferences away from traditional cereals and towards wheat and wheat products are driving up wheat consumption. Storage pests, particularly Sitophilus oryzae, is one of the important insect pest, damages stored wheat grains, degrading the quality and quantity of the commodities by diminishing nutrition content and rendering them unfit for human use. To overcome such problems a study was undertaken to assess the quantitative losses caused by rice weevil in different wheat varieties during different storage periods so that to choose most resistant variety. This study was undertaken during 2018-2019 under laboratory conditions, different wheat varieties viz, VL 907, RSP 561, WH 1080, HD 3086, WH1105 were assessed for quantitative losses caused by rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae. The assessed parameters were adult emergence, per cent seed damage, per cent weight loss and per cent avoidable losses. Our investigation revealed that among the wheat varieties WH 1080 was found least susceptible with minimum number of progeny emergence (21.9), least seed damage (5.77%) and weight loss (1.50%) up to six months of storage period while as RSP 561 was highly susceptible with maximum number of progeny emergence (94.6), highest seed damage (69.3 %) and weight loss (23.6 %).

Influence of leptin administration to pregnant female mice on obesity development, taste preferences, and gene expression in the liver and muscles of their male and female offspring.

. The consumption of food rich in sugar and fat provokes obesity. Prenatal conditions have an impact on taste preferences and metabolism in the adult offspring, and this impact may manifest differently in different sexes. An increase in blood leptin level in pregnant females reduces the risk of obesity and insulin resistance in the offspring, although the mechanisms mediating this effect are unknown. Neither is it known whether maternal leptin affects taste preferences. In this study, we investigated the effect of leptin administration to pregnant mice on the development of diet-induced obesity, food choice, and gene expression in the liver and muscles of the offspring with regard to sex. Leptin was administered to female mice on days 11, 12, and 13 of pregnancy. In male and female offspring, growth rate and intake of standard chow after weaning, obesity development, gene expression in the liver and muscles, and food choice when kept on a high-calorie diet (standard chow, lard, sweet cookies) were recorded. Leptin administration to pregnant females reduced body weight in the female offspring fed on the standard diet. When the offspring were given a high-calorie diet, leptin administration inhibited obesity development and reduced the consumption of cookies only in males. It also increased the consumption of standard chow and the mRNA levels of genes for the insulin receptor and glucose transporter type 4 in the muscles of both male and female offspring. The results demonstrate that an increase in blood leptin levels in pregnant females has a sex-specif ic effect on the metabolism of the offspring increasing resistance to obesity only in male offspring. The mechanism underlying this effect includes a shift in food preference in favor of a balanced diet and maintenance of insulin sensitivity in muscle tissues.

Food Consumption Pattern and Nutrient Intake in Selected Blocks of Palampur Tehsil of Kangra District of Himachal Pradesh

<p>Economic growth is typically accompanied by improvements in a country’s food supply, both quantitative and qualitative, and a gradual reduction in nutritional deficiencies. It also brings about changes in the production, processing, distribution and marketing of food. Diets evolve over time and are influenced by factors such as income, prices, individual preferences and beliefs, cultural traditions, as well as geographical, environmental, social and economic factors. The economic growth in a country eventually leads to a shift in food preferences and consumption pattern and affects nutritional status of the people. This study aims to gather knowledge about food consumption pattern and nutrient intake of respondents of selected blocks of Palampur Tehsil. Palampur Tehsil was selected purposely as it represents the cosmopolitan population. The food consumed by the subject was determined by using 24 hr recall method. The actual intake of food was calculated by using standard nutritive values and RDA (Recommended Dietary Allowances) of NIN (National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad). The results were presented in tabular form using average, percentage and NAR (Nutrient Adequacy Ratio) value. Results show that maximum number of respondents were non-vegetarian. The per capita intake for cereal was higher in Baijnath (436.00±9.08 g/day), followed by Bhawarna (430.33±2.11 g/day) and Panchrukhi (426.43±15.81 g/day) respectively as compared to RDA (400 g/day). The per capita intake of pulses (g/day) was less as compared to RDA in Baijnath (65.30±2.21g/day) and Bhawarna (69.49±2.13 g/day). A slightly higher consumption of pulses was observed in Panchrukhi (81.69±2.54 g/day). The higher number of non vegetarian were from Panchrukhi (90%) followed by Baijnath (73.33%) and Bhawarna (60%) blocks respectively. Per capita consumption of vegetables was significantly less in Panchrukhi (198.77±8.69 g/day), Baijnath (277.69±10.62g/day) and Bhawarna (301.00±14.20g/day it is at par with RDA (300 g/day). The consumption of ‘milk and milk products’ was highest in Bhawarna (375.56±22.95 g/day), followed by Baijnath (344.62± 14.99 g/day) and Panchrukhi (212.81±20.82 g/day). Consumption of ‘fats and oils’ by the respondents in all blocks were higher as compared to RDA (30 g/day).</p>

Effects of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass and Sleeve Gastrectomy on Food Preferences and Potential Mechanisms Involved.

Bariatric surgery leads to a substantial decrease in energy intake. It is unclear whether this decrease in energy intake is simply due to eating smaller portions of the same food items or a shift in food preference towards less energy-dense foods. This review evaluates the existing literature on changes in food preferences after bariatric surgery and the potential mechanisms involved. Changes in food preferences have been reported; however, the evidence is mainly based on indirect measurements, such as self-reporting. When changes in food preferences are directly assessed, results contradict previous findings, indicating that results based on self-reporting must be interpreted with caution as they do not necessarily reflect actual behaviour. However, it seems that there could be inter-individual differences in the response to surgery. Future studies investigating changes in food preferences should not only focus on direct measured of behaviour but should also consider the heterogeneity of the response after bariatric surgery.

Changes in the Peripheral Chemosensory System Drive Adaptive Shifts in Food Preferences in Insects

A key challenge in understanding the evolution of animal behaviors is to identify cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie the evolution of adaptive traits and behaviors in polymorphic populations under local selection pressures. Despite recent advances in fish, mice, and insects, there are still only a few compelling examples of major genes and cellular mechanisms associated with complex behavioral changes. Shifts in food or host preferences in insects, accompanied by changes in the peripheral chemosensory system, offer some of the best examples of adaptive behavioral evolution. A remarkable example is the German cockroach, Blattella germanica, a major indoor pest with a highly diverse omnivorous diet. Strong and persistent selection pressure with toxic-baits has induced rapid evolution of behavioral resistance in multiple cockroach populations. While typical cockroaches detect and accept the sugar glucose as a feeding-stimulant, behaviorally resistant cockroaches avoid eating glucose-containing toxic baits by sensing glucose as a deterrent. We review the peripheral gustatory neural mechanisms of glucose-aversion and discuss how the rapid emergence of taste polymorphisms can impede pest control efforts and affect foraging and mate-choice in adapted cockroach populations.

Altered neural responsivity to food cues in relation to food preferences, but not appetite-related hormone concentrations after RYGB-surgery

BackgroundAfter Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery, patients report a shift in food preferences away from high-energy foods. ObjectiveWe aimed to elucidate the potential mechanisms underlying this shift in food preferences by assessing changes in neural responses to food pictures and odors before and after RYGB. Additionally, we investigated whether altered neural responsivity was associated with changes in plasma endocannabinoid and ghrelin concentrations. Design19 RYGB patients (4 men; age 41 ± 10 years; BMI 41 ± 1 kg/m2 before; BMI 36 ± 1 kg/m2 after) participated in this study. Before and two months after RYGB surgery, they rated their food preferences using the Macronutrient and Taste Preference Ranking Task and BOLD fMRI responses towards pictures and odors of high-, and low-energy foods and non-food items were measured. Blood samples were taken to determine plasma endocannabinoid and ghrelin concentrations pre- and post-surgery. ResultsPatients demonstrated a shift in food preferences away from high-fat/sweet and towards low-energy/savory food products, which correlated with decreased superior parietal lobule responsivity to high-energy food odor and a reduced difference in precuneus responsivity to high-energy versus low-energy food pictures. In the anteroventral prefrontal cortex (superior frontal gyrus) the difference in deactivation towards high-energy versus non-food odors reduced. The precuneus was less deactivated in response to all cues. Plasma concentrations of anandamide were higher after surgery, while plasma concentrations of other endocannabinoids and ghrelin did not change. Alterations in appetite-related hormone concentrations did not correlate with changes in neural responsivity. ConclusionsRYGB leads to changed responsivity of the frontoparietal control network that orchestrates top-down control to high-energy food compared to low-energy food and non-food cues, rather than in reward related brain regions, in a satiated state. Together with correlations with the shift in food preference from high- to low-energy foods this indicates a possible role in new food preference formation.

Seasonal variations in the diet and food selection of the Algerian hedgehog Atelerix algirus

The Algerian hedgehog Atelerix algirus is an insectivorous species. However, the exact composition of its natural diet remains largely undetermined, especially in relation to seasonal variations in food availability. From March to November, we simultaneously analysed the composition of 180 hedgehog faecal samples and food availability in the Soumman Valley, Algeria to assess food selection in this species. The faeces contained 196 different prey species, of which 92% belonged to the class Insecta. The highest prey species diversity was found in the Coleoptera order (100 species recorded) and the highest species occurrence was found in Hymenoptera (65% of the prey items, mainly represented by the harvester ant Messor barbarus, a crop-ravaging species). This study shows that the Algerian hedgehog is mainly a generalist species with a diet that is strongly linked to food availability. However, seasonal variations were observed in prey selection, and a notable shift in food preference was observed during autumn. The exact nature of these changes in feeding behaviour remains to be investigated, notably in relation to changes in energy requirements of this species before hibernation, in terms of quantity and/or quality.

Shifts in Food Preferences After Bariatric Surgery: Observational Reports and Proposed Mechanisms.

Bariatric surgery is currently the most effective treatment for obesity. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is the most commonly performed bariatric procedure and results in long-term weight loss. Alterations in food preference and choices may contribute to the long-term benefits of RYGB. This manuscript reviews the available literature documenting changes in food preference in both humans and experimental animals after RYGB and discusses the current theory on the underlying mechanisms involved. Obesity is associated with an increased preference for sweet and high-fat foods, and the most consistent evidence has been the shift away from these calorie-dense foods in both animal and human studies after RYGB. Self-reporting is the most common method used to record food preferences in humans, while more direct approaches have been used in animal work. This methodological heterogeneity may give rise to inconsistent findings. Future studies in humans should focus on direct measures to permit corroboration of mechanistic insights gained from animal studies.

Desire for Core Tastes Decreases After Sleeve Gastrectomy: a Single-Center Longitudinal Observational Study with 6-Month Follow-up.

Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) modifies gastrointestinal substances that control hunger and satiation via the brain-gut axis. A potential mechanism implicated in weight loss is the shift in food preferences. Our aim was to assess changes in taste preferences and their relationship to weight loss. This is a prospective longitudinal observational study in 100 consecutive LSG patients. Questionnaire with photographs of tastes was administered before surgery, at postoperative (PO) day 6 and PO month 6. Participants asked to rate each item in terms of desire to consume on a 5-point Likert scale. Preoperative demographics are as follows: 77 women/23 men, mean age 40.8±12years, and mean BMI 42.46±6.7kg/m2. Mean 6-month PO % total body weight loss (%TBWL): 24±6.2%. Preferences for bitter, salty, umami, fatty, sour, spicy, and sweet decreased significantly from baseline to PO day 6 (p<0.001) and to PO month 6 (p<0.002). Preferences of water (4.22) did not change significantly; red wine (1.8) and cigarettes (1.86) decreased significantly at PO day-6, but returned to baseline range at PO month 6. The highest changes of preferences in 6months were observed for fatty (delta=1.58) and sweet (delta=0.95), (p<0.002). Preference for salty at 6months negatively correlated with %TBWL (p=0.01). LSG seems to be associated with a rapid and sustained decrease in preferences for all core tastes, detectable already at PO day 6. Preferences for sweet and fatty food undergo the highest decline, whereas preferences of water, red wine, and cigarette remain unchanged. The decrease in salty preference seems to correlate with 6-month %TBWL. Further studies are needed on the long-term impact of taste changes after LSG.

Inferring Allele Frequency Trajectories from Ancient DNA Indicates That Selection on a Chicken Gene Coincided with Changes in Medieval Husbandry Practices.

Ancient DNA provides an opportunity to infer the drivers of natural selection by linking allele frequency changes to temporal shifts in environment or cultural practices. However, analyses have often been hampered by uneven sampling and uncertainties in sample dating, as well as being confounded by demographic processes. Here, we present a Bayesian statistical framework for quantifying the timing and strength of selection using ancient DNA that explicitly addresses these challenges. We applied this method to time series data for two loci: TSHR and BCDO2, both hypothesised to have undergone strong and recent selection in domestic chickens. The derived variant in TSHR, associated with reduced aggression to conspecifics and faster onset of egg laying, shows strong selection beginning around 1,100 years ago, coincident with archaeological evidence for intensified chicken production and documented changes in egg and chicken consumption. To our knowledge, this is the first example of preindustrial domesticate trait selection in response to a historically attested cultural shift in food preference. For BCDO2, we find support for selection, but demonstrate that the recent rise in allele frequency could also have been driven by gene flow from imported Asian chickens during more recent breed formations. Our findings highlight that traits found ubiquitously in modern domestic species may not necessarily have originated during the early stages of domestication. In addition, our results demonstrate the importance of precise estimation of allele frequency trajectories through time for understanding the drivers of selection.

Mechanisms of Choice Behavior Shift Using Cue-approach Training.

Cue-approach training has been shown to effectively shift choices for snack food items by associating a cued button-press motor response to particular food items. Furthermore, attention was biased toward previously cued items, even when the cued item is not chosen for real consumption during a choice phase. However, the exact mechanism by which preferences shift during cue-approach training is not entirely clear. In three experiments, we shed light on the possible underlying mechanisms at play during this novel paradigm: (1) Uncued, wholly predictable motor responses paired with particular food items were not sufficient to elicit a preference shift; (2) Cueing motor responses early – concurrently with food item onset – and thus eliminating the need for heightened top–down attention to the food stimulus in preparation for a motor response also eliminated the shift in food preferences. This finding reinforces our hypothesis that heightened attention at behaviorally relevant points in time is key to changing choice behavior in the cue-approach task; (3) Crucially, indicating choice using eye movements rather than manual button presses preserves the effect, thus demonstrating that the shift in preferences is not governed by a learned motor response but more likely via modulation of subjective value in higher associative regions, consistent with previous neuroimaging results. Cue-approach training drives attention at behaviorally relevant points in time to modulate the subjective value of individual items, providing a mechanism for behavior change that does not rely on external reinforcement and that holds great promise for developing real world behavioral interventions.

Changes in Reward after Gastric Bypass: the Advantages and Disadvantages.

Gastric bypass surgery is an effective long-term weight loss intervention. Key to its success appears a putative shift in food preference away from high-energy-density foods associated with a reduced appetitive drive and loss of neural reactivity in the reward system of the brain towards food. Post-prandial exaggerated satiety gut hormone responses have been implicated as mediators. Whilst the positive impact of bariatric surgery on both physical and psychological outcomes for many patients is clearly evident, a subset of patients appear to be detrimentally affected by this loss of reward from food and by a lack of alternative strategies for regulating affect after surgery. Mindfulness training has emerged as a potential tool in reducing the need for immediate reward that underpins much of eating behaviour. Further research is needed to help identify patients who may be more vulnerable after gastric bypass and which forms of support may be most beneficial.

National food security in Bangladesh to 2050

Food security in Bangladesh, with particular reference to rice and wheat was investigated by examining trends in yields, area of cropping and overall production in recent decades. Prospects for continued increases in yield and area of the different rice crops and of wheat, considering the impact of climate change, suggest that continued large increases in production were likely. Demand for rice and other food will increase for many decades with the growing population. The range of projections was compared with recent population growth as well as the impacts of possible shifts in food preferences on the demand for rice and wheat. Demand for rice production in 2050 for a medium variant population projection is expected to be 14 % less than the most conservative projection. Wheat production appears likely to remain less than demand by up to 76 % in 2050, though it has the potential to increase sufficiently to meet demand. This analysis should help policy makers to take appropriate actions for maintaining Bangladesh’s food security in the future.

Gastric bypass surgery alters food preferences through changes in the perception of taste

SUMMARY Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is one of the most effective treatments for morbid obesity as it results in long-term weight loss and significant remission of obesity-related comorbidities. Although it is successful in causing weight loss, the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. A significant decrease in calorie intake related to a shift in food preferences towards lower-calorie-dense foods has been observed after the surgery. This modification in ingestive behavior occurs through changes in the sensory and reward domain of taste. Potential mediators of these taste modifications are the exaggerated levels of gut hormones or altered gut nutrient sensing. Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass-induced taste/food preference modifications would be crucial for the development of ‘knifeless’ treatments.

Food consumption patterns and nutrition transition in South-East Asia.

The present study was done to confirm the relationship between changes in food patterns and nutrition transition in three South-East Asian countries, namely the Philippines, Malaysia and Indonesia. This was a cross-sectional study conducted between August 2008 and August 2009 using three methods: interviews, focus group discussions and analyses of government reports. The study was conducted in rural and urban areas in Manila and Calabanga (Philippines), Selangor and Kuala Selangor (Malaysia), and Padang, Pariaman Tanah Datar and Limapuluh Kota (West Sumatra, Indonesia). Adults aged 18 to 77 years. The results showed that Filipinos, Malaysians and Indonesians have retained many aspects of their traditional diets. In fact, most participants in the study considered Western-style and franchise fast foods as snack or recreational foods to be consumed once in a while only. However, a significant difference was noted between urban and rural areas in food varieties consumed. Participants in urban areas consumed more varieties of traditional foods owing to their availability and the participants’ food purchasing power. Although traditional food patterns were maintained by most of the participants, more sugar and vegetable oils were consumed and added to the traditional recipes. The rapid nutrition transition in this region may be due, instead, to increasing food availability and food purchasing power, rather than to a shift in food preferences towards modern Western foods.

Effects of liraglutide and sibutramine on food intake, palatability, body weight and glucose tolerance in the gubra DIO-rats

To validate the gubra DIO-rats as a useful animal model of human obesity. The gubra diet-induced obesity (DIO) rat model was based on male Sprague-Dawley rats with ad libitum access to regular chow and a palatable diet rich in fat and sugar. To evaluate the versatility of the gubra DIO-rats as a valid model of human obesity syndrome, the efficacy of 2 weight loss compounds liraglutide and sibutramine with different mechanisms of action were examined in 7-month-old gubra DIO-rats. Liraglutide (200 μg/kg, sc) was administered bi-daily, and sibutramine (5 mg/kg, po) was administered once daily for 23 d. Both the compounds effectively reduced the food intake, body weight and total fat mass as measured by nuclear magnetic resonance. Whereas the 5-HT reuptake inhibitor/5-HT receptor agonist sibutramine reduced the intake of both chow and the gubra-diet, the GLP-1 analogue liraglutide predominantly reduced the intake of the highly palatable diet, indicating a shift in food preference. Sibutramine lowered the insulin sensitivity index, primarily via reductions in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. This animal model responds well to 2 weight loss compounds with different mechanisms of action. Moreover, the gubra DIO-rat can be particularly useful for the testing of compounds with potential effects on diet preference.

Economic Stressors and the Demand for “Fattening” Foods

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Do plant defenses enhance or diminish prey suppression by omnivorous Heteroptera?

Omnivorous plant-feeding predators have been predicted to both increase and decrease prey consumption on resistant host-plants because of behavioral shifts in food preferences and direct ingestion of phytotoxins, respectively. To help resolve this debate, we reviewed the published literature on plant defense-heteropteran interactions using both vote-counting and meta-analytical approaches. The Heteroptera are ideal for this analysis because as a group they are broadly omnivorous, critical in the biocontrol of crop pests, and frequently come in contact with plants varying in quality. We identified 37 studies that matched our search criteria, involving at least 16 species of Heteroptera. Overall, plant resistance lowered the abundance of heteropterans in the field, but had virtually no impact on their performance when reared in the lab (aside from a significant, albeit minor, increase in development time). Prey consumption was strongly affected by plant resistance; however, the outcome was extremely variable with near equal evidence for increasing (22 cases) vs. decreasing (21 cases) predation on resistant host-plants. Thus, prey consumption is far more variable across plant-types differing in quality when compared with either abundance or performance. Heteropteran family and developmental stage (adult vs. nymph) were poor predictors of the outcome for prey suppression. Our results indicate that the feeding ecology of omnivorous heteropterans is highly contingent on plant defense expression, more so than other ecologically-relevant traits, but the factors mediating behavioral shifts in prey consumption remain elusive.

Davalintide (AC2307), a novel amylin-mimetic peptide: enhanced pharmacological properties over native amylin to reduce food intake and body weight

The current set of studies describe the in vivo metabolic actions of the novel amylin-mimetic peptide davalintide (AC2307) in rodents and compares these effects with those of the native peptide. The anti-obesity effects of davalintide were examined after intraperitoneal injection or sustained peripheral infusion through subcutaneously implanted osmotic pumps. The effect of davalintide on food intake after lesioning of the area postrema (AP) and neuronal activation as measured by c-Fos, were also investigated. Similar to amylin, davalintide bound with high affinity to amylin, calcitonin and calcitonin gene-related peptide receptors. Acutely, davalintide displayed greater suppression of dark-cycle feeding and an extended duration of action compared with amylin (23 versus 6 h). Davalintide had no effect on locomotor activity or kaolin consumption at doses that decreased food intake. Davalintide-induced weight loss through infusion was dose dependent, durable up to 8 weeks, fat-specific and lean-sparing, and was associated with a shift in food preference away from high-fat (palatable) chow. Metabolic rate was maintained during active weight loss. Both davalintide and amylin failed to suppress food intake after lesioning of the AP and activated similar brain nuclei, with davalintide displaying an extended duration of c-Fos expression compared with amylin (8 versus 2 h). Davalintide displayed enhanced in vivo metabolic activity over amylin while retaining the beneficial properties possessed by the native molecule. In vitro receptor binding, c-Fos expression and AP lesion studies suggest that the metabolic actions of davalintide and amylin occur through activation of similar neuronal pathways.