Shift In Cultural Values Research Articles

What’s in it for me? Barriers to participation in adult learning in small communities of western Canada

This article examines educators’ and policymakers’ efforts at addressing barriers and supporting adult students’ access to, and success in, small communities in western Canada. Research indicates that, despite the provision of financial support and flexible and varied delivery modes, and a focus on meeting learner needs, adult learner participation rates in Canada are currently lower than those in other countries. Government policies and programmes are aimed at employability: they currently focus on trade and vocational training programmes that meet the needs of the job market. This single-minded approach of funding programmes that meet economic needs promotes the ideal that the primary purpose of education is the financial gain that comes from securing employment, or better employment, as a result of one’s studies – this as opposed to recognising the role adult education can play in fostering social justice. What is argued here is that, in order to increase participation in adult education, one does not necessarily need greater resources but rather a shift in cultural values – a shift from valuing education solely as a means to employment towards valuing it as a means of individual and community development. Greater numbers of people must see the value of adult learning and recognise the ways that it can contribute to equity and social justice in their lives and communities. This article calls for research that will delve deeply into the barriers to participation in adult education in the wider context of our society. I hope that Canadian students, educators and policymakers will create room for social justice and equity alongside their employment-focused approach to adult learning, and that nations with an emerging discourse will revisit the implications of considering adult education as being solely aimed at employability.

Nilai-Nilai Budaya dalam Gurindam Tunjuk Ajar Melayu Karya Tenas Effendy

In the era of globalization there have been many changes and shifts in cultural values ​​within Malay society, causing neglected gurindam and other folk literature. The Malay community is now more interested in reading social media than reading literature, especially the younger generation. The younger generation is increasingly distant from the traditions espoused especially if it is associated with degradation and moral decadence that are very different from those of young people in the past. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze and interpret the cultural values ​​in folk literature, especially those that are exemplary to the younger generation. This needs to be examined as a form of contribution to the development of mental and character building. This research is descriptive with content analysis method. The data of this study are sourced from the 2013 book Teachings of Teachings by Tenas Effendy. The data studied is documented by means of reading, further recording is concluded and grouped based on the cultural values ​​contained therein. Based on the observations of the author, the Malay teaching point in the Tenind Effendy workshops contributed to cultural values ​​including responsibility, obedience, giving advice, respect, love and loyalty.

Culture Convergence of Manufacturing Managers in Mexico, Korea, Hong Kong, and USA

This study evaluates cultural values of mid-level managers working in manufacturing firms located in four countries to attempt to detect purposeful movements towards cultural value convergence, if any. Using Hofstede’s VSM94 questionnaire, the cultural values of managers and non-managers located in Mexico, Korea, Hong Kong, and the United States of America (USA) were calculated. These values were evaluated using T-tests, ANOVA, and Wilcoxon tests, and were graphed to illustrate the movement and convergence path of the cultural values. A trend toward convergence of cultural values among mid-level managers in four countries was detected. Survey design used mid-level manufacturing managers in four different countries. The study contributes to cross-cultural studies by triangulating results with non-managers and using large and small firms. This study suffers from common limitations encountered when using a questionnaire to gather data, including the sample sizes and respondents’ demographics. Despite limitations, results add to this literature stream to assist future researchers in hypothesis development. The results indicate a purposeful shift in cultural values of manufacturing mid-level managers. Findings should encourage multinational firms to set up global Management Control Systems (MCS) for an efficient and effective use of resources. Samples from neglected locations were gathered, detecting convergence, suggesting that effective management may be independent from national culture, and thus be about developing best practices throughout the global organization.
 JEL codes: M1, M14, M16, M48, M53, M54.

Stepping Sustainably: The Potential Partnership Between Dance and Sustainable Development

Focusing specifically on dance, this study explores the relationship between the arts and sustainable development. Very little academic work has been conducted about artists’ role in sustainability, a field that is characterized by intersectionality and cross-disciplinary work. This paper seeks to begin to fill that research gap. It determines two ways that dance artists can interact with sustainability: the operations approach and the artistic approach. Highlighting four organizations — Arts Council England, Kidd Pivot, Eiko & Koma, and Vertigo Dance Company — that have made strides in these two approaches, the study concludes that dance could be a tool for sustainability advocates to better communicate material to non-scientific audiences. Introducing environmental material through dance or other artistic mediums is a way of reframing conversations so that they appeal to broader audiences and target different types of solutions. A true shift toward a sustainably minded society will come from many sources, including a shift in cultural values about consumption and humankind’s relationship to the natural world. Art is a driver and creator of culture. If combined effectively, the arts and sustainable development could help to shift our society in a sustainable direction.

Moral Psychology and Social Change: The Case of Abolition

The examination of a test case, the popular movement to abolish slavery, demonstrates that the insights of recent psychological research about moral judgment and motivated reasoning can contribute to historians’ understanding of why large-scale shifts in cultural values occur. Moral psychology helps to answer the question of why the abolitionist movement arose and flourished when and where it did. Analysis of motivated reasoning and the just-world bias sheds light on the conditions that promoted recognition of the moral wrongfulness of chattel slavery, as well as on the conditions that promoted morally motivated social action. These findings reveal that residents of Great Britain and the northern United States in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries were in an unusually good position to perceive, and to act on, the moral problems of slavery. Moral psychology is also applicable to other social issues, such as women’s liberation and egalitarianism.

MULTILITERATION PEDAGOGIC MODEL BASED ON HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILL (HOTS) AS EFFORTS TO FACE THE 21st CENTURY EDUCATION IN EDUCATION FROM KI HADJAR DEWANTARA

<em>The character of Indonesian education today in practice is a rape of the inner and inner life of children. As a result, children are damaged in character because they always live under duress / pressure. According to Ki Hadjar, such a way of educating will not be able to shape a person until he has a "personality". In line with this view, education in Indonesia should provide a sense of security, fun, calm, and provide a sense of happiness so that students are without coercion and naturally eat knowledge to the full. On the other hand, the macro life demands of the 21st century and the adoption of a new curriculum in Indonesia in micro terms requires education to produce graduates who have the competence of life in the 21st century. Entering the 21st century technological advances have entered various facets of life, not least in the field of education. The characteristics of the 21st century are characterized by the growing development of the world in the field of science and technology, so that in this view in various aspects experience a shift in cultural values in daily life. Therefore, it is necessary to be the next generation of the nation to dissect the essence of the concept of education according to Ki Hajar Dewantara in the view of multiliteration education. Multiliteration education that gives students freedom to think, create, and argue is in line with the concept of pancadarma proposed by Ki Hajar Dewantara. Furthermore, multiliteration education has the characteristics of multi-concept, multi-cultural, multi-learning style, and multi-multi-modal giving a concept of education that gives the impression and directs the values of Pancasila. The 21st century provides an illustration that education is increasingly important to ensure students have the skills to learn and innovate, use skills technology and information media, and can work, and survive with use life skills. In line with the explanation above, by reflecting back on the educational value of Ki Hajar Dewantara in the perspective of multiliteration education is a tangible manifestation of welcoming Indonesian education so that Indonesia will be able to realize its goal of creating a golden generation of 2045.</em>

Persepsi Masyarakat Terhadap Perubahan Budaya di Tana Toraja (Studi Kasus Upacara Rambu Tuka’)

The purpose of this study is to find out: 1) what factors influence the shift in the values of the Rambu Tuka 'ceremony in Toraja, and 2) to find out how the cultural values of Rambu Tuka' in the Toraja are shifted. This study aims to determine what factors influence the shift in the values of the Rambu Tuka 'ceremony in Toraja. Knowing the shift in the cultural values of Rambu Tuka 'in Toraja. The collection of data using the method of observation, interviews and documentation. So that the results of the study show that out of all the results outline the factors that cause cultural changes in Toraja are caused by many factors. Factors that greatly influence the shift in cultural values of tuka signs in tana toraja are; Modern technology, and other cultural influences. So from that it can be concluded that the public perception of the cultural changes that exist in Toraja, is not much different from each respondent's opinion. For the generations of Toraja youth, Let us maintain the culture that has developed in the community such as the Ruka Tuka 'ceremony, so that values contained such as togetherness, help, and cooperation are maintained considering that one of the great potentials for tourism is in the culture of Tana Toraja

Structures, mechanisms and consequences of Europeanization in research: how European funding affects universities

European integration in research funding can be interpreted as a complex, conflict-ridden historical process containing paradigmatic shifts in cultural values and political goals. One of these transformations entails a change of objectives from promoting transnational cooperation of research institutions towards fostering the ‘scientific excellence’ of individual researchers. Institutionally, this is mirrored in the establishment of a genuinely supranational funding organization, the European Research Council (ERC). Led by a Mertonian sociological framework, the paper presents the results of an empirical study on the impact of the ERC’s funding upon public universities from the perspective of researcher’s vis-à-vis their institutions. Findings comprise conditions and contexts, action strategies and consequences of the Europeanization of universities, such as country- and discipline-specific pathways, the re-distribution of tasks and resources in market-based university competition, effects on researchers’ scientific careers and mobility, and the impact of funding on the disciplines and knowledge content.

PELAKSANAAN PERLINDUNGAN ANAK YANG TEREKSPLOITASI SECARA EKONOMI OLEH PEMERINTAH KOTA PADANG

<p><em>Children are our future and in their own time bear the responsibility to develop their own world. To enable them doing so, they should not be forced to work to earn a living or support their family. Children should be allowed to grow in the safety of a home, at school and at playgrounds. In this paper the author will explore</em><em> children problems related economic exploitations, </em><em> what policies are developed by the municipal government of Padang to protect children from economic exploitations and what are the obstacles in implementing these policies. One of the finding is that the Social and Manpower Service and the Family Planning, Women and Community Empowerment Board of the Padang municipal government develops training programs aiming to give exploited children practical skills in helping them to cope. Factors influencing economic exploitation of children are numerous and complex: lack of education, lessening of people’s adherence to religious norms, societal environment, shift in cultural values, economic problems, etc. Based on the above the author suggests that the municipal government should take cognizance of these factors when attempting to deal with the problem. </em></p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p align="right"><strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong><strong> </strong></p><em>child, exploitation, economy, protection</em>

PERUBAHAN NILAI BUDAYA URANG BANJAR (DALAM PERSFEKTIF TEORI TROOMPENAAR)

Cultural Values Urang Banjar research has not been done. This study refers to the dimension of cultural values being addressed Troompenaar. According Troompenaar cultural values have seven dimensions: individualism - Communitarism, specifik Relationship - Diffuse relationship, Universalism - Particularism, Neutral Relationship - Emotional Relationship, Achivemenent - ascription, Sequential time - Synchoronous time, and the Environment. Results of research conducted Troompenaar in Indonesia, indicating Indonesia is in the category Communitarism, Diffuse relationship, Particularism, Neutral Relationship, ascription, Synchoronous Time and Outter Direction. This study uses primary data collected through questionnaires which had been prepared previously by the indicators Troompenar dimensions of cultural values. The total sample was 192 people. The research focuses on is the Banjar, and its relation to the cultural values of Banjar. The conclusion of this research are (1) The value of Banjar culture included in the category of universalism with a percentage of 78.13 percent, Komunitariasme with the percentage of 79.17 percent, with the percentage Emotional 73, Specification with the percentage of 54.17 percent, with the percentage of 76.04 percent Achievement, synchronous with the percentage of 69, 79 percent, and Outter direction with the percentage of 83.33 percent; (2) There was a difference or shift in cultural values in society Banjar with Indonesian cultural values, from particularism into Universalism, from Neutral became Emotional, of Diffuse be Specific, and of ascription becomes Achievement; (3) The difference in the value of Indonesian culture and cultural values Urang Banjar indicate that changes people's lives, especially people Banjar ongoing and will never stop, because no one masyarakatpun that stops at a certain point all time. The difference or shift in cultural values that occurred in Banjar Urang an ongoing process of social change in society Banjar.

The impact of culture on national prevalence rates of social and commercial entrepreneurship

This cross-cultural study empirically investigates the cultural determinants of macro-level social and commercial entrepreneurship from a new institutional theory perspective. This study investigates if cultural shifts in cultural values, operationalized through the World Values Survey (WVS), impact the prevalence rates of social and commercial entrepreneurship at the national level. Social and commercial entrepreneurship rates are drawn from the 2009 Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) and aggregated for 53 countries in this cross-sectional analysis using multivariate regression. Findings indicate that traditional societal values positively impact commercial entrepreneurship prevalence rates, but negatively impact social entrepreneurship rates. Furthermore, self-expression societal values positively impact social entrepreneurship prevalence rates.

Are Scores on Hofstede's Dimensions of National Culture Stable over Time? A Cohort Analysis

Hofstede's framework, which is based on survey data collected in the late 1960s and early 1970s, dominates quantitative culture research in international strategic management. However, as countries develop economically, modernization theory predicts shifts in cultural values, which likely affect countries' scores on Hofstede's work-related values dimensions, in turn raising doubt about the continued relevance of this framework for global strategy researchers and practitioners. We examine how country scores on Hofstede's dimensions have developed over time by replicating Hofstede's dimensions for two birth cohorts using data from the World Values Survey. Results indicate that, on average, contemporary societies score higher on Individualism and Indulgence versus Restraint, and they score lower on Power Distance than do past societies. We find that cultural change is absolute rather than relative, meaning that countries' scores on the Hofstede dimensions relative to the scores of other countries have not changed very much. As a consequence, cultural differences between country pairs (i.e., cultural distances) are generally stable. We discuss the implications of our findings for global strategy research.

The Impact of Culture on National Prevalence Rates of Social and Commercial Entrepreneurship

This cross-cultural study empirically investigates the cultural determinants of macro-level social and commercial entrepreneurship from a new institutional theory perspective. This study investigates if cultural shifts in cultural values, operationalized through the World Values Survey (WVS), impact the prevalence rates of social and commercial entrepreneurship at the national level. Social and commercial entrepreneurship rates are drawn from the 2009 Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) and aggregated for 53 countries in this cross-sectional analysis using multivariate regression. Findings indicate that traditional societal values positively impact commercial entrepreneurship prevalence rates, but negatively impact social entrepreneurship rates. Furthermore, self-expression societal values positively impact social entrepreneurship prevalence rates.

MODEL PENGEMBANGAN EKOWISATA DALAM MENDUKUNG KEMANDIRIAN EKONOMI DAERAH STUDI KASUS PROVINSI DIY

Along with the development and economic growth processing, the role of tourism nowadays is moreessential, as new sectors that contibuting foreign exchange for the improvement of people’s welfare.Indonesia is one country that has a many natural and cultural remarkable, also enjoy this benefit.However, tourism is often regarded as one of the largest damage contributor to the preservation of theenvironment and the community, particularly through the development of the infrastructure. YogyakartaProvince as one of the tourist destinations, also face the same problem, a shift in cultural values , socialand environmental wisdom. Ecotourism then regarded as one of the policy alternatives that can be usedas a solution to this problem. By using a qualitative approach, this study was conducted with the aim offormulating a model-based sustainable ecotourism cultural values , social, and environmental wisdomthat will support the successful development of tourism in Yogyakarta. With the development of thispolicy model, expected to be a guideline for governments in developing national policies in the field ofsustainable tourism in order to streng then the economic independence in the region

From mainstream to marginal? Trends in the use of Chinese medicine in China from 1991 to 2004

In many Western societies, alternative healing options, including Chinese medicine, have started to move from the marginal to mainstream. In China, Chinese medicine has been an established component in the official health care system, but its relevance and effectiveness have often been challenged in a society committed to modernization. Despite abundant speculation, little research has established empirical facts regarding the use of Chinese medicine in China. This paper uses a longitudinal dataset to examine the trends from 1991 to 2004, and explore the extent to which changing population demographic and socioeconomic characteristics contributed to the observed trends. It finds that in the formal medical sector, the use of Chinese medicine has contracted, particularly in cities. Changing population demographic and socioeconomic characteristics cannot entirely account for the contraction. Rather, shifts in cultural values and structural changes in the health care system may have led to the observed decline.

Sustained Rapid Economic Growth and Cultural Convergence: Comparative Longitudinal Analysis of Evidence from GLOBE & Hofstede

Two landmark studies of national culture undertaken approximately a quarter century apart present a unique opportunity for a longitudinal analysis of the shift in cultural values in work organizations over time. Using comparable data from Hofstede and GLO BE, we investigate the hypothesis that, in the rapidly developing nations of Asia, there has been a convergence of collectivist values in work organizations toward the level of collectivist values found in work organizations in the highly developed nations of the major economies. Findings suggest that collectivist values in rapidly developing nations are converging towards collectivist values of highly developed countries. This convergence is not exclusively due to economic growth or wealth but rather due to the speed of the economic growth. Specifically, periods of prolonged rapid economic transformation appear to also have a transforming effect on national cultural values. Implications of this finding and directions for future research are discussed.

On Apologyby Aaron Lazare. New York, Oxford University Press, 2004, 320 pp., $24.00.

On Apologyby Aaron Lazare. New York, Oxford University Press, 2004, 320 pp., $24.00.

On Apology

On Apology

"Dia logous times"--Via synaisthemata kai axies ste metemphyliake Hellada (review)

Reviewed by: Anastasia Karakasidou Efi Avdela , . Athens: Nefeli. 2002. Pp 257. €15.60. Honor and shame in Greek society has been a widely studied theme in anthropology and sociology, politics and law, and even psychology. Now Greek historiography contributes to this voluminous—though often essentialist—literature with a fine monograph on honor crimes during the decades of post–Civil War reconstruction in the 1950s and 1960s. This book, by a well-known historian of gender, offers a descriptive and analytical study that touches on gender roles and sexuality, family and marriage, sentiments and emotions, violence and values, modernization and nationalism. It explores what narratives about honor crimes can reveal about changing social relations and social values, outlining a fascinating criminal history that illuminates how violence in the name of honor has constructed and shaped the meaning of human behavior in post-war Greece. Avdela offers an excellent review of the scholarly literature on honor and shame in traditional Greek society, including the pioneering, and sometimes neglected work of Dorothy Lee. Early commentators often made sweeping generalizations about national character that tended to reify aspects of Greek culture and society. In particular, the Anglo-Saxon modern "Self" (derivative of individual esteem and personal achievement) was typically contrasted with the "Self" of traditional (mostly rural) Greek culture, couched in terms of a "collective individualism." Since at least the mid-nineteenth century, sentiments of "honor" (timi) have been a principal impetus for interpersonal violence in Greek society, and long upheld as a core fundamental value of the family. By the mid-twentieth century, however, a new "love of honor" (filitimo) gaining salience, tied to the emerging modern, more flexible, sense of Self in postwar Greece. Through historiography, Avdela seeks to locate key transformative moments in the constitution of the modern Greek self. Working with court records, newspapers, and magazines covering the period 1949–67, she identifies 340 cases of honor crimes, classified on the basis of etiological discourses. By documenting how these discourses, or "cultural scenarios," were used by actors involved in the "melodrama" of such crimes, her study spotlights how they reflect transformations toward modernity in post-war Greece, a process that engendered a fundamental shift in cultural values surrounding notions of honor. Honor, for Avdela, is a "key" symbol—in the sense of the term articulated by anthropologist Clifford Geertz—a symbolic construct that is understood by everybody, a standardized emotion, an unquestioned moral code. Moral dilemmas [End Page 397] lead to impassioned responses, she maintains, and the moral honor code functioned as a protective wall in a new chaotic era of post-Civil War modernization. The politics of managing female sexuality was embedded in much broader transformations, and while central powers manage interpersonal relations they also influence and shape emotions, perceptions, and assumptions. Avdela approaches the courts as a space of power where hegemonic values present themselves, a setting where the public-private dichotomy is resolved, a site where Greek society reveals itself in drama. Public prosecutors working to implement a modern penal code often took a harsh stance against honor crimes, and argued for more severe punishments. Public opinion, however, saw such crimes with a more sympathetic eye, and juries came to play a critical role in determining which defendants were candidates for leniency. Motive was the key factor in honor crime cases. At stake for most Greeks during the transformative decades of the post-war modernization was whether a particular incident constituted an honor crime. If so, the simple unwritten code allowed for males of a family (usually a father or a brother) to take it upon themselves to "wash" away with blood the stain on family honor brought about by the "corruption" of female family members. Modernity as a discourse, and new moral code, rendered traditional notions of honor and honor crimes outdated and backward, characterizing them as Romiot traits that distance Greeks from the modern (European) Self. Punishments for honor crimes became more severe, and their incidence steadily declined, as post-war modernizers made concerted efforts to assume management of violence and to erase what they regarded as "backward" features of Greek society. A series of legislative actions, including the 1946 family laws, the 1950 New...

Stalinist Values: The Cultural Norms of Soviet Modernity, 1917-41 by David L. Hoffmann (review)

MLRy 100.3, 2005 889 Hudspith does admit Dostoevsky's xenophobia, but there are aspects of Dosto? evsky's ideal of brotherhood which she leaves unmentioned, and which are now being explored by other critics, notably his anti-Semitism and his refusal, even in private correspondence not destined for publication, to accept fair-minded remonstrance. If Dostoevsky is to convince, let alone convert, it can only be through his fictional characters. The second half of this study is far more successful. It deals with the major novels, and very properly includes A Raw Youth (or The Young Bastard as Richard Freeborn wanted to call his English version), as of equal importance in reflecting Dostoevsky's thinking, if not his constructional talents. The ambiguous utterancesof Versilov,theiconoclastof^4 Raw Youth, related by the equivocal narrator and protagonist Arkadi Dolgoruki, illustrate the reason why Dostoevsky's fiction is far more thought-provoking than his journalism. For one thing, his characters are capable of thinking simultaneously from two points of view. For another, they fail to implement their ideology, and even perish in the attempt. Whether the antideists Stavrogin or Kirillov or the defenders of Orthodoxy Tikhon and Zosima, their complex personalities make their philosophies immune fromthe confrontational glibness that invalidates most of what Dostoevsky wrote outside the boundaries of fiction. Only in the tiresome satire of The Devils, when Dostoevsky insists that the Romantic liberals of the 1840s must bear responsibility for their sons, the nihilists of the 1870s?an assertion which Hudspith lets her author get away with?is the fictional world momentarily shattered. There are some excellent leitmotifs in this study. Khomiakov's contrast of Iranian (free will and monotheism) versus Kush (fatalism and monotheism) deserves to be revived as a benchmark. So does the idea that Dostoevsky, like many other writers, moves from analysis to synthesis, although some might see this as just progress from an open to a closed mind. Reading this study, we cannot help reflecting how bad a prophet Dostoevsky was. His concept of Russianness was hijacked by Joseph Stalin in the 1930s. Those who modelled themselves on his heroes have been marginalized. Those he despised rule the world: Luzhin works for the IMF, Miusov for the UN. Hudspith hits a genuinely new perspective in her very last paragraph. She says: 'Russians today are again looking for a new direction'. An interesting continuation would be to see how Dostoevsky lives on, perverted in the rants of Zavtra and other 'red-brown' newspapers. Today, as a hundred years ago, calls for 'unity and brother? hood' imply firstof all a bloody victory,whether the conquest of Constantinople that Dostoevsky wanted or the extermination of Chechens that Limonov envisages. Less faith and more doubt would have made this a better book. Queen Mary, University of London Donald Rayfield Stalinist Values: The Cultural Norms of Soviet Modernity, igiy-41. By David L. Hoffmann. Ithaca, NY, and London: Cornell University Press. 2003. xiv + 247pp. ?ll-9S- ISBN0-8014-8821-4. 'To describe Stalinism as a return to traditional Russian ways is to mischaracterize it in a fundamental way' (p. 187). This basic tenet underpins much of David Hoffmann's analysis of the establishment, development, and shifts in cultural values during the pre-war Stalinist years. Hoffmann sets out to debunk, once and for all, any linger? ing notion that Stalinist culture should be regarded as fundamentally retrogressive, representing a retreat from the heady radicalism of the early Bolshevik regime to the relative comfort of the more traditionalist, conservative values of Tsarist Russia. Thus fromthe outset Hoffmann cites two familiar interpretations of Stalinism: firstly, 890 Reviews Leon Trotsky's denunciation of Stalin and the Politburo as representing a kind of Soviet Thermidor, 'the triumph of the bureaucracy' (p. 2) as Trotsky himself put it (The Revolution Betrayed, 1937); and secondly, from the opposite side of the political fence, Nicholas Timasheff's notion of Stalinism as an explicit rejection of socialism (The Great Retreat, 1946). Hoffmann does not wish to dispute the fact that Stalinist culture advocated a traditional set of codes and values forsocial behaviour, supporting the patriarchal family,promoting clean living, and encouraging a healthy respect for both folk customs and...