Second Shift Research Articles

Fatigue does not increase limb asymmetry or induce proximal joint power shift in habitual, multi-speed runners

ABSTRACT During prolonged jogging, joint moment and work tend to decrease in the distal (ankle) joint but increase at proximal (hip/knee) joints as performance fatigue manifests, and such adaptations might be expected to occur in sprinting. Fatigue is also thought to increase inter-limb asymmetries, which is speculated to influence injury risk. However, the effects of fatigue on sprint running gait have been incompletely studied, so these hypotheses remain untested. Using statistical parametric mapping, we compared 3-D kinematics and ground reaction force production between the dominant (DL) and non-dominant (NDL) legs of 13 soccer players during both non-fatigued and fatigued sprint running. Contrary to the tested hypotheses, relative between-leg differences were greater in non-fatigued than fatigued sprinting. DL generated higher propulsive impulse due to increased ankle work, while NDL exhibited greater vertical impulse, potentially due to greater hip flexion prior to downward foot acceleration. Whilst few changes were detected in DL once fatigued, NDL shifted towards greater horizontal force production, largely resulting from an increase in plantar flexion (distal-joint) moments and power. After fatiguing running, inter-limb asymmetry was reduced and no distal-to-proximal shift in joint work was detected. These adaptations may attenuate decreases in running speed whilst minimising injury risk.

Art and the science of generative AI

Understanding shifts in creative work will help guide AI’s impact on the media ecosystem

Credibility Crisis A Major Stumbling Block In The Future Path Of Social Media: A Critical Study

Social Media, a unique gift of aspirational mankind‟s technological innovations, has brought revolutionary changes in every walk of life. Thanks to its characteristic features like immediacy, wide reach and cost effectiveness, social media is scaling new heights of popularity with each passing day. Its success story is so influential that experts hail social media as the media of future. Undoubtedly social media has led to paradigm shift in ways people work, learn and obtain knowledge, do business or entertain themselves. The information flow on social platforms has proved to be very helpful for people across all ages and sections of society. However, this information flow has also put a question mark on the credibility of social media. Today social media is facing a serious crisis of credibility. The severity of crisis can be understood from the fact that no one trusts the information on social media without verification. It is a major challenge for social media, which is eulogized as ‘the baby with immense potential’ and which aspires to become the media of future. This research study makes vigorous efforts to find out the stumbling blocks in the future path of social media and suggest measures to remove those blocks, so that this media could reach new heights of glory and serve the humanity with all its benign force.

Distinguishing academic science writing from humans or ChatGPT with over 99% accuracy using off-the-shelf machine learning tools

ChatGPT has enabled access to artificial intelligence (AI)-generated writing for the masses, initiating a culture shift in the way people work, learn, and write. The need to discriminate human writing from AI is now both critical and urgent. Addressing this need, we report a method for discriminating text generated by ChatGPT from (human) academic scientists, relying on prevalent and accessible supervised classification methods. The approach uses new features for discriminating (these) humans from AI; as examples, scientists write long paragraphs and have a penchant for equivocal language, frequently using words like "but," "however," and "although." With a set of 20 features, we built a model that assigns the author, as human or AI, at over 99% accuracy. This strategy could be further adapted and developed by others with basic skills in supervised classification, enabling access to many highly accurate and targeted models for detecting AI usage in academic writing and beyond.

Analysis of Chinese Modernity through Lu Xuns Works

China experienced more than 2,000 years of an imperial system, and finally, the Xinhai Revolution broke out in 1911, ending the imperial system. Because of this turning point, China slowly moved from tradition to modernity. Then came the May Fourth Movement and the New Culture Movement, which brought the wave of China's modernization to its peak, driven by writers and writers, Lu Xun being the most prominent representative. Drawing on the research results of scholars at home and abroad, this paper discusses the modernity expressed in Lu Xun's works. Starting from some of Lu Xun's well-known works, this paper combines the transformation of Lu Xun's works in structure and content to study how Lu Xun's works shift from tradition to modernity. In the end, this paper yielded the result: the new form of modern novels established by Lu Xun's novels is the result of drawing lessons from foreign novel forms and Chinese traditional literary and artistic experience, combined with his unruly creativity, to achieve the unity of "inheriting tradition" and "breaking through tradition".

悬挂式旋耕起垄覆膜一体机的设计与试验

Considering the planting mode and agronomics requirements of the existing facilities, the high-power rototilling ridge hoisting and lamination machine is difficult to operate in the greenhouse of the facility, and the small hanging rotary ridge raiser has technical problems such as insufficient horsepower. This paper designs the hanging rotary tillage ridging and film - covering machine. The machine realizes a single operation process to complete rotary tillage, ridging, drip irrigation, film laying and film edge covering soil suppression and other mechanized compound operations. The innovatively designed adjustable ridging device of this machine can steplessly adjust the size of the ridge. The ridge height after operation of the machine is 25-35 cm, the ridge width is 70-80 cm, the ridge shape is arc-shaped, the size is adjustable, and the operation efficiency is improved being 0.17-0.23 hectares/hour, the machine driving speed is set at low speed 1 gear. The machine has high operating efficiency, the arc-shaped ridge body is uniform and compact. the ridge body has a large lighting surface, the film is tightly laid, and it is close to the ridge surface without wrinkling. By test data analysis, the tillage depth stability is 93%, the ridge height qualified rate is 100%, the ridge width qualified rate is 85%, the ridge spacing qualified rate is 95%, the film edge covered soil thickness is 40 mm, the working efficiency is 0.802 hm2/h, the fuel consumption per hectare is 9.02 kg·h/m2, and the three shifts work without fault. To sum up, it meets the agronomic requirements of ridging and film planting.

Neither work nor leisure: temporalities and life world realities of split shift work in the Austrian care sector

ABSTRACT Employment conditions have been subject to far-reaching flexibilization and fragmentation in recent decades. One of the many ways to make labor flexibly available and cost-effective is to divide the working day using split shifts. In this qualitative study on the home care sector in Austria, we investigate the workers’ experiences of split shifts as example of fragmented work and unsocial working times. On an empirical level, the findings show that split shifts imply severe challenges for the workers. On a conceptual level, the research emphasizes the need to consider complex and subjective dimensions of time in researching working times. Our findings suggest that even seemingly clear delineations between work and non-work time are in fact fragile and ambivalent. In that sense, the interruption between the two shifts in split shift work is neither work nor real leisure.

Evaluation the Effect of Serum Lead Levels on Thyroid Function in Battery Industry Workers.

To assess the relationships between blood lead levels and thyroid functional tests in battery industry workers. This cross-sectional study was performed on 100 personnel of a battery factory in 2019. The checklist including demographic information of employees (age, sex, work experience, smoking, etc.) of the work shift, work environment, and duration of work was completed. Venous blood samples were also taken from the participants to check blood levels of lead and thyroid hormones. The mean age of participants was 36.1 ± 5.6 years and their mean TSH and lead levels were 3.69 ± 2.45 mIU/L and 297.9 ± 174.2 μg/L, respectively. Participants were divided into two groups based on job duties: administrative and working in the production line. Participants were divided into two groups based on blood lead levels: normal (less than 300 μg/L) and high lead level (more than 300 μg/L). Only the work experience between these two groups was significantly different and was higher in the high lead group compared to the normal lead group and no significant difference was observed between different groups based on lead level in terms of TSH level and thyroid hormones. Our study showed that although the amount of whole blood lead concentration is not related to thyroid hormone levels and thyroid function, but with increasing work experience, the amount of whole blood lead also increases significantly and since lead poisoning can have many health hazards, employers must plan to minimize the lead exposure of workers and provide protective equipment for workers.

Prevalence of Risk Indicators of Heart Diseases Among Professional Male Bus Drivers

The study aims to determine the prevalence of heart disease risk indicators among male professional bus drivers. A quarter of all mortality is attributable toheart disease. The risk of heart disease is now more common among male professional bus drivers due to irregular diet, lifestyle and shift of work. This observational study included 100 male professional drivers selected by convenience sampling from an MTC bus stand (Chennai bus depot) and ACS medical college and hospital drivers. Face-to-face questioning strategies were administered to obtain information about their lifestyle conditions and shift of work from all participants. The Anthropometric measurement such as body mass index, blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose level is measured by a handheld BMI machine, sphygmomanometer and glucometer. The risk score for the indicators of cardiovascular diseases (CVD)is estimated using a gender-specific Framingham risk score. The data analysis shows nearly 55% of subjects are in the low-risk category, 35% of issues are in the intermediate-risk category, and 10% are subjects in the high-risk category of developing a cardiovascular disease based on the estimation of 10 years of cardiovascular disease risk. The study concluded that bus drivers are at intermediate and high risk of developing CVD.Cardiovascular diseases have now become the leading cause of mortality in India. The risk of heart disease is more common among male professional bus drivers. The drivers are exposed to several possible risk indicators of cardiovascular diseases. Low physical activity levels were associated with higher CVD among male professional bus drivers.

Computer-Aided Generation of N-shift RWS

Generating schedules for shift workers is essential for many employers, whether the employer is a small or a large industrial complex, research laboratory, or other businesses involving shift works. Previous methods for creating rotational workforce schedules included interactions between the schedule maker and the algorithm, including defining the length of sequences of consecutive days of working shifts. In this method, an algorithm takes into account inputs (or constraints) from the schedule maker and then presents the possible solutions (incl. that all shifts must be filled, working hours per week, minimal resting time, etc.) in a first phase. The schedule maker can then select which solutions are most feasible to proceed with in the second phase, where the final schedules are then constructed and exported.

Exploring the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health organisations in England

Purpose This paper aims to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health organisations in England. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative mixed-methods approach was applied, including a review of the academic literature, a review of the non-academic literature and a brief semi-structured survey. Respondents of the semi-structured survey included seven healthcare leaders from four different NHS Mental Health Trusts in England. This review applied thematic analysis to the data findings. Findings Mental health organisations in England have been significantly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis of the identified resources found four overarching areas for learning: organisational structures, approaches to practice (working and delivering care), leadership and staff support. Organisational structures refer to structural, systemic and procedural changes that have taken place. Approaches to practice relate to shifts in organisational work and delivery of care. Leadership identifies styles used to manage change and disruption. Staff support refers to measures and interventions applied to meet changing staff needs and well-being. Practical implications Mental health organisations can reduce the ongoing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic through continuous improvements in future crisis planning, innovations in clinical practice and a sustained focus on staff well-being. Originality/value A multi-dimensional exploration into the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health organisations was conducted. The review also provides insights into the experience of healthcare leadership in managing change during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Does fatigue influence joint-specific work and ground force production during the first steps of maximal acceleration?

During initial acceleration, the first steps of a maximal-effort (sprint) run often determine success or failure in the capture and evasion of an opponent, and is therefore a vital factor of success in many modern sports. However, accelerative events are commonly performed after having already run considerable distances, and the associated fatigue should impair muscle force production and thus reduce acceleration. Despite this, the effects of running-induced fatigue on our ability to accelerate as well as the running technique used to achieve it have received little attention. We recorded 3-D kinematics and ground reaction forces during the first three steps of the acceleration phase from a standing start before and after performing a high-speed, multi-directional, fatiguing run-walk protocol in well-trained running athletes who were habituated to accelerative sprinting. We found that the athletes were able to maintain their acceleration despite changing running technique, which was associated with use of a more upright posture, longer ground contact time, increased vertical ground reaction impulse, decreased hip flexion and extension velocities, and a shift in peak joint moments, power, and positive work from the hip to the knee joint; no changes were detected in ankle joint function. Thus, a compensatory increase in knee joint function alleviated the reduction in hip flexor-extensor capacity. These acute adaptations may indicate that the hip extensors (gluteal and hamstring muscle groups) were more susceptible to fatigue than the ankle and knee musculature, and may thus be a primary target for interventions promoting fatigue resistance.

An Effective Staff Scheduling for Shift Workers in Social Welfare Facilities for the Disabled

The efficient management of social worker personnel is important since it involves a huge portion in its operations. However, the burnout and turnover rates of social workers are very high, which is due to dissatisfaction with the irregular and unequal schedules, despite the continuous improvement in the treatment of social workers and the enactment of work-related legislation in Korea. This means that changes in policy do not significantly contribute to improving worker satisfaction, which shows the necessity of the strategies to prevent the turnover of workers. Therefore, this study aims to propose a strategy for the staff scheduling of workers that considers the fairness in the shift distribution among workers and the individual preference for shift work by using the linear programming. A survey about the preferences for shift work is conducted that targeted the employees of a welfare facility in Korea to enhance the practicality of the model. The effectiveness and applicability of the developed mathematical model are verified by deriving a deterministic schedule for a worker via the system parameters that were obtained based on the survey and the rules of the welfare facility in the numerical experiment. Compared to the conventional schedule, the derived schedule shows an improvement in the deviations in the number of shifts workers and a reflection of the personal preferences. This can raise the social worker’s satisfaction, which will decrease intention on burnouts and turnover. It will consequently facilitate on managing human resources in welfare facilities.

Low Back Pain Among Nurses as Related to Work Environment

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is a major problem in the nursing profession and it is been reported that more nurses experience LBP during the nursing practice. Studies show that only 15.9% of nurses had LBP before coming into nursing while 84.5% complained they had LBP after working in the nursing environment. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine factors responsible for low back ache, as related to the work environment in the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from January 2019 to February 2020, with probability sampling to select a sample size (n = 260). Data collected were analyzed using tables; percentages, bivariate analysis, and and multivariate logistic regression were used for data analysis at 0.05 level of significance, through a statistical package for the social science software. Results: Among 260 nurses with backache, 159 (61.15%) were male and most of the participants' ages were between 25 and 34 years, with a mean age of 26.5 (0.37). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that heavy manual lifting (odd ratio [OR] 0.21, 95% confident interval [CI] 0.54–0.73), body posture (OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.20–1.08), the length of working shift (OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.74–0.86), awkward postures (OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.65–1.10), and prolonged standing during nursing care (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.52–1.00) were the major factors for LBP among nurses, with <0.001, 0.001, 0.002, 0.002, and 0.003, respectively. Conclusions: The finding implies that all effort should be directed toward policies which have positive effects on proper management of the work environment and other conditions, such as health and safety training. Prevention of work overloads through appropriate work shifting, and the mechanism of body posture should be improved. Furthermore, periodical flexing of feet, knees, and hip is necessary in a condition where there is a need to stand for a long period of time.

Increasing Breast Support is Associated With a Distal-to-Proximal Redistribution of Joint Negative Work During a Double-Limb Landing Task.

Female athletes exhibit greater rates of anterior cruciate ligament injury compared with male athletes. Biomechanical factors are suggested to contribute to sex differences in injury rates. No previous investigation has evaluated the role of breast support on landing biomechanics. This study investigates the effect of breast support on joint negative work and joint contributions to total negative work during landing. Thirty-five female athletes performed 5 landing trials in 3 breast support conditions. Lower-extremity joint negative work and relative joint contributions to total negative work were calculated. Univariate analyses of variance were used to determine the effect of breast support on negative joint work values. Increasing levels of breast support were associated with lower ankle negative work (P < .001) and ankle relative contributions (P < .001) and increases in hip negative work (P = .008) and hip relative contributions (P < .001). No changes were observed in total negative work (P = .759), knee negative work (P = .059), or knee contributions to negative work (P = .094). These data demonstrate that the level of breast support affects lower-extremity biomechanics. The distal-to-proximal shift in negative joint work and relative joint contributions may be indicative of a more protective landing strategy for anterior cruciate ligament injuries.

'Arisan Rukun': The Cultural Strategy of the Lahendong Community, North Sulawesi in Maintaining Brotherhood Ties from Generation to Generation (Study of Social Solidarity Theory of Emile Durkheim)

'Arisan Rukun' is an activity that is held regularly by the Lahendong community and is attended by several families who come from the same lineage. The existence of this tradition is a hallmark of the Lahendong community which belongs to the Minahasa ethnic group, which emphasizes solid relationships between one family and another. Emile Durkheim's Social Solidarity Theory views social solidarity as the collective consciousness of a society, and underscores the shift in social work. This study aims to explore the philosophical meaning of the existence of 'Arisan Rukun' as part of a cultural strategy in maintaining harmony between families and community members from the perspective of Emile Durkheim's Social Solidarity Theory. This study is a qualitative study that uses observation and in-depth interviews with Lahendong residents in the data collection process. The data processing was carried out by using philosophical hermeneutic analysis techniques from verbatim data transcription and using Emile Durkheim's Social Solidarity theory as an analytical tool. This study illustrates that 'Arisan Rukun' is passed down from one generation to another as a form of awareness to maintain kinship ties, especially to remember where people come from. As a consequence of the change in people's perspective, the social system in Lahendong, which was originally a mechanical community group to an organic working community group, turned out to have an impact on the existence of 'Arisan Rukun'. This can be observed from the form of the 'Arisan Rukun' activity, which is adapted to the conditions of the times and the financial capabilities of the family members involved. Collective awareness as the basis for the existence of 'Arisan Rukun' becomes a pillar in overcoming conflicts between families in Lahendong village, so that this tradition continues to be passed down from generation to generation.

'Arisan Rukun': The Cultural Strategy of the Lahendong Community, North Sulawesi in Maintaining Brotherhood Ties from Generation to Generation (Study of Social Solidarity Theory of Emile Durkheim)

'Arisan Rukun' is an activity that is held regularly by the Lahendong community and is attended by several families who come from the same lineage. The existence of this tradition is a hallmark of the Lahendong community which belongs to the Minahasa ethnic group, which emphasizes solid relationships between one family and another. Emile Durkheim's Social Solidarity Theory views social solidarity as the collective consciousness of a society, and underscores the shift in social work. This study aims to explore the philosophical meaning of the existence of 'Arisan Rukun' as part of a cultural strategy in maintaining harmony between families and community members from the perspective of Emile Durkheim's Social Solidarity Theory. This study is a qualitative study that uses observation and in-depth interviews with Lahendong residents in the data collection process. The data processing was carried out by using philosophical hermeneutic analysis techniques from verbatim data transcription and using Emile Durkheim's Social Solidarity theory as an analytical tool. This study illustrates that 'Arisan Rukun' is passed down from one generation to another as a form of awareness to maintain kinship ties, especially to remember where people come from. As a consequence of the change in people's perspective, the social system in Lahendong, which was originally a mechanical community group to an organic working community group, turned out to have an impact on the existence of 'Arisan Rukun'. This can be observed from the form of the 'Arisan Rukun' activity, which is adapted to the conditions of the times and the financial capabilities of the family members involved. Collective awareness as the basis for the existence of 'Arisan Rukun' becomes a pillar in overcoming conflicts between families in Lahendong village, so that this tradition continues to be passed down from generation to generation.

The nature of dispensing errors in hospital pharmacy; a systematic review

Medication errors can result in several unfavorable outcomes. Dispensing medication is the fundamental function of pharmaceutical care. Dispensing error is the discrepancy between the prescription and the drug delivered to the patients. The rates of dispensing errors vary in the literature across different countries and settings, and there are several forms and a wide range of dispensing errors as well as various causes. Hence, this review aimed to identify the prevalence, types, and causes of dispensing errors in hospital pharmacy by reviewing the previous studies that investigated this subject. Obtaining eligible articles required exploration of electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Elsevier, Springer, and Google Scholar. The exploration process involved using search terms such as \&amp;quot;Nature, Prevalence, Incidence, Types, Causes, Dispensing errors, Hospital Pharmacy, Hospitals, and Rate\&amp;quot;. The inclusion criteria were English original articles reported dispensing errors in hospital pharmacies published after the year 2016. A total of seven studies were included as they met the inclusion criteria. The studies were from six countries with a total number of prescriptions of 66,849. The nature of dispensing errors included prevalence rates, types, and causes of dispensing errors. Dispensing errors in hospital pharmacies are a significant issue that varies between different studies, even hospital settings. The major dispensing errors included labeling errors, content errors, and documentation errors. There were various factors that led to such dispensing errors, including a shift of work, heavy work, similar drug names and packaging, poor handwriting, interruption, a high number of drugs, and quantified drugs.

Implementing Cloud Security through AWS for Blood Bank Application

In today’s time the technologies are seeing a huge shift of work from the on-center to over the internet, which means that a huge number of online services is required, these services could be backup and the data recovery should be available over the internet. Cloud computing is the platform over the internet which provide the services of networking, sharing, storing, etc. on the internet. Not only this shift of data is being ob-served in IT sectors, but also this shift is being observed in the healthcare sector. With the increase in the average age limit of the human beings and new diseases increasing the medical needs. The traditional healthcare is now being replaced by modern and more progressive healthcare. Thus, cloud is providing with several healthcare solutions. How-ever, even after have a lot of benefits of using cloud services it also has some of the risks. The major risk being of the security of the patient’s data. This paper analyses the security issues and their possible countermeasures for the same. The security measures presented in the paper are based on patient data in relation to data storing, access and security of data. In the paper I have worked towards the development of the android application of blood bank, the application uses the Android studio as IDE and the AWS Amplify as the cloud service to host and deploy the application over the cloud. In this paper we will also see the benefits of using the cloud computing, its security and also what are the future works that need to be done in the field.

АНАЛІЗ ТЕМПУ ВИКОНАННЯ ІНЖЕНЕРНИХ РОБІТ З ОРГАНІЗАЦІЇ ОБОРОНИ ВАЖЛИВОГО ДЕРЖАВНОГО ОБ’ЄКТА ПІДРОЗДІЛОМ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ГВАРДІЇ УКРАЇНИ

The article examines the system of building the defense area of the battalion of the National Guard of Ukraine for the protection and defense of an important state object. Engineering support is considered, namely the sequence of engineering (fortification) works and their impact on the survivability of the National Guard of Ukraine unit for the protection and defense of an important state facility. It was determined that the performance of engineering works of the first stage ensures the survivability of the unit at the level of 0,4‒0,5. That is, unit losses as a result of enemy influence will be 0,5‒0,6 (50‒60 %). The engineering works of the second stage will provide a survivability index at the level of 0,6 ‒0,7. That is, unit losses as a result of enemy influence will be 0,3‒0,4 (30‒40 %). The maximum survivability of the unit with an indicator of 0,8 must be ensured after the work of the 3rd shift and partial work in the future in three days. To ensure such an indicator, 15,103 man-hours are needed. Provided that the productivity of one serviceman will be 1 m3/hour and will not exceed 12 hours of work per day. A comparative analysis was carried out by performing mathematical calculations of the pace of engineering work by the personnel of the National Guard of Ukraine unit for the protection and defense of the facility without engineering equipment and with various types of engineering equipment. The comparative analysis showed that the minimum survivability of the unit during the execution of engineering works can be achieved within the normative indicators, but the maximum survivability of the unit in a three-day period, even with the available amount of equipment, is not possible. Proposed directions for increasing the pace of engineering works in order to achieve maximum survivability of the NSU unit for the protection and defense of the object within the established regulatory terms by reviewing the staffing of the units of the National Guard of Ukraine for the protection and defense of important state objects and providing the unit with additional engineering equipment.