Shift Values Research Articles

Harmonisation of quantitative assessment between different generation of PET/CT: Biograph mCT and Biograph Vision

The usage of modern positron emission tomography scanners, in particular with digital detectors, allows obtaining images with better quality, increases the detection of small pathological lesions, reduces scanning time and the activity administered to the patient which leads to a decrease of patient dose as well. However, the values of the quantitative image parameters shift upward, which can lead to significant differences with the quantitative assessment obtained on the previous generation device. In order to compare quantitative assessments obtained on different generations of PET/CT, it is necessary to harmonise quantitative image parameters and perform regular quality control. The aim of current work is the comparison of different methods for harmonization of quantitative image parameters on the example of harmonisation of two PET/CT: Biograph mCT 128 and Biograph Vision 600. NEMA IEC Body phantom filled with 18F solution was scanned in Listmode in two bed positions with overlap in the sphere area during five minutes per bed position. Recovery coefficient used for harmonisation was measured for each sphere of the phantom. Harmonisation between Vision and mCT was performed using two methods: choosing of harmonised reconstruction parameters and EQ.PET technology. The acceptable divergence range between the recovery coefficients for Vision and for mCT is ±10% (20% range). The recovery coefficients measured for reconstruction: 4 iterations and 5 subsets, ToF+PSF, Gaussian 7 mm, matrix 220x220 completely fit within the 20% range. The recovery coefficients measured using EQ = 6 mm (optimal value) fit within the 20% range except the spheres with a diameter of 10 and 13 mm. Both harmonisation methods allow to approximate the quantitative assessment/ However, EQ.PET has limitations for the small lesions. Choosing harmonised reconstruction parameters is the mostwidely used harmonisation method; the EQ.PET allows to harmonise quantitative assessment without the use of multiple reconstruction protocols and losses in visualization ability

Using Schrödinger cat quantum state for detection of a given phase shift

We show that injecting a light pulse prepared in the Shrödinger cat quantum state into the dark port of a two-arm interferometer, it is possible to detect a given phase shift unambiguously. The value of this phase shift is inversely proportional to the amplitudes of both the classical carrier light and the Shrödinger cat state. However, an unconventional detection procedure is required for this purpose. By measuring the number of photons at the output dark port, it is possible to detect the phase shift with a vanishing ‘false positive’ probability. The ‘false negative’ probability in this case decreases as the amplitude of the Schrödinger cat state increases and, for reasonable values of this amplitude, can be made less than about 0.1.

Ru(II)‐Nitrophenylhydrazine/Chlorophenylhydrazine Complexes: Nanoarchitectonics, Biological Evaluation and In silico Study

AbstractRu(II)‐arene compounds are being investigated as anticancer agents due to the biocompatibility of ruthenium and their structural diversity. Two newly synthesized Ru(II) complexes, [RuCl(η6‐p‐cymene)(3‐DNPH)] (chlorido(η6‐p‐cymene)(3‐nitrophenylhydrazine‐k2N,N′)ruthenium(II)) (1) and [RuCl(η6‐p‐cymene)(3‐CNPH)] (chlorido(3‐chlorophenylhydrazine‐k2N,N′)(η6‐p‐cymene)ruthenium(II)) (2), are experimentally (IR, NMR) and theoretically (B3LYP/6‐31+G(d,p)(H,C,N,Cl)/LanL2DZ(Ru)) characterized. Experimental and theoretical values of 1H and 13C chemical shifts and position of the most intense vibrational bands showed high correlation coefficients and low mean absolute errors, proving the predicted structure and applicability of the selected level of theory. Cell viability studies performed on MDA‐MB‐468, BT‐474, and PC3 cells using MTT and CV assay indicated the activity of the second complex similar to the activity of cisplatin towards BT‐474 breast cancer cells. The spectrofluorimetric measurements of Bovine Serum Albumin showed the binding process‘s spontaneity of complexes and protein, with a binding energy of around −30 kJ mol−1. Detailed molecular docking analysis allowed the elucidation of the binding mechanism through specific intermolecular interactions. Both compounds showed a higher affinity towards BSA than naproxen and cisplatin. Molecular docking simulations proved the spontaneity of the complexes binding to DNA. Based on these promising results, further biological examinations of these compounds are advised.

Plant-Derived Caffeic Acid and Its Derivatives: An Overview of Their NMR Data and Biosynthetic Pathways.

In recent years, caffeic acid and its derivatives have received increasing attention due to their obvious physiological activities and wide distribution in nature. In this paper, to clarify the status of research on plant-derived caffeic acid and its derivatives, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy data and possible biosynthetic pathways of these compounds were collected from scientific databases (SciFinder, PubMed and China Knowledge). According to different types of substituents, 17 caffeic acid and its derivatives can be divided into the following classes: caffeoyl ester derivatives, caffeyltartaric acid, caffeic acid amide derivatives, caffeoyl shikimic acid, caffeoyl quinic acid, caffeoyl danshens and caffeoyl glycoside. Generalization of their 13C-NMR and 1H-NMR data revealed that acylation with caffeic acid to form esters involves acylation shifts, which increase the chemical shift values of the corresponding carbons and decrease the chemical shift values of the corresponding carbons of caffeoyl. Once the hydroxyl group is ester, the hydrogen signal connected to the same carbon shifts to the low field (1.1~1.6). The biosynthetic pathways were summarized, and it was found that caffeic acid and its derivatives are first synthesized in plants through the shikimic acid pathway, in which phenylalanine is deaminated to cinnamic acid and then transformed into caffeic acid and its derivatives. The purpose of this review is to provide a reference for further research on the rapid structural identification and biofabrication of caffeic acid and its derivatives.

Computational study on reactivity, aromaticity, and absorption spectra of chrysene: effect of BN doping and substituents

Abstract Density functional study (DFT) is performed for understanding the reactivity, aromaticity, and UV-visible absorption spectra of chrysene-based materials. Effect of BN doping on the said parameters are analyzed along with the effect of –Me (methyl), –OH (hydroxyl), –CHO (formyl) –COOH (carboxyl) and –CN (cyano) substituents. Global reactivity parameters viz. energy of HOMO (E HOMO), global hardness (η), chemical potential (μ) and electrophilicity (ω) are computed. Nucleus independent chemical shifts (NICS) values are estimated to study the variation in aromaticity. Time dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) is used to study the UV–Visible absorption spectra. Effects of BN doping and substituents on corresponding dipole moments and band gaps are also analyzed. Presence of BN unit and/or substituents induced considerable impact on global reactivity, dipole moment, band gap and aromaticity of the chosen systems, especially for BN doped chrysene at the edge. Absorption spectra which are red shifted in presence of BN and substituents are mostly found within the UV-region.

Development of Magnetic Resonance-Compatible Head Immobilization Device and Initial Experience of Magnetic Resonance-Guided Radiation Therapy for Central Nervous System Tumors

PurposeWe aimed to develop and investigate positional reproducibility using a fixation device (Unity Brain Tumor Immobilization Device, UBID) in brain tumor patients undergoing magnetic resonance (MR)-guided radiotherapy (RT) with a 1.5 Tesla (T) MR-linear accelerator (LINAC) to evaluate its feasibility in clinical practice and report representative cases of central nervous system (CNS) tumor patients. Materials and MethodsQuantitative analysis was performed by comparing images obtained by placing only the MR phantom on the couch with those obtained by placing UBID next to the MR phantom. Twenty patients who underwent RT for CNS tumors using 1.5T MR-LINAC between June 2022 and October 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, five did not use UBID, whereas 15 used UBID. The positional reproducibility of UBID was evaluated using the median interfractional and intrafractional errors in the first 10 fractions. ResultsEach MR quality factor of the MR phantom with UBID satisfied the criteria presented by Elekta. Median values of median shifts in the mediolateral, anteroposterior, and craniocaudal axes for interfractional errors were 2.98-mm, 2.35-mm, and 1.40-mm, respectively. For intrafractional errors, the median values were 0.05-mm, 0.03-mm, and 0.06-mm, respectively. The median values of the median rotations in pitch, roll, and yaw for both interfractional and intrafractional rotations were 0.00°. One patient diagnosed with an optic nerve sheath meningioma received RT with motion monitoring during irradiation. In two patients, changes in the tumor cavity and residual lesions were observed in the MR images obtained using 1.5T MR-LINAC on the day of the first treatment and immediately before the 21st fraction, respectively; therefore, offline/online adaptation was performed. ConclusionThe reproducible and immobile UBID is clinically feasible in patients with CNS tumors receiving RT with 1.5T MR-LINAC. Based on our initial experience, we developed a workflow for 1.5T MR-LINAC treatment of CNS tumors.

Comparative study of 4-((4-aminophenyl)diazenyl)-2-((2-phenylhydrazono)methyl)phenol and N-(4-((4-hydroxy-3-((2-phenylhydrazono)methyl)phenyl)diazenyl)phenyl)acetamide - DFT method

Theoretical calculation of 4-((4-aminophenyl)diazenyl)-2-((2-phenylhydrazono)methyl) phenol (1) and N-(4-((4-hydroxy-3-((2-phenylhydrazono)methyl)phenyl)diazenyl)phenyl) acetamide (2) was studied by DFT/B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) basis set. The calculated values of geometric structural parameters, Fourier transform infrared spectral data, highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, natural bond orbital, nucleus-independent chemical shifts, Fukui function, polarizability, hyperpolarizability, and UV data of compounds 1 and 2 clearly indicate that substitution of the amino group alters the physical properties of compound 2. The nucleus-independent chemical shift values of the amino-substituted phenyl ring reduces the aromatic character due to the lone pair electron on nitrogen involved in inductive and conjunction effects, as well as due to OH, NH2 and OH, NHCOCH3 in compounds 1 and 2, respectively. The effect of the solvent on different parameters was studied, and it was found that increasing the dielectric constant increased the parameter studied. The stability and planarity of the molecule’s effects on dipole moment, energy, polarizability, and hyperpolarizability were studied extensively.

Spatial shifts of reflected rotating elliptical Gaussian beams from surface phonon polaritons in hyperbolic materials

The effect of surface phonon polaritons (SPhPs) on Goos-Hänchen (GH) and Imbert-Fedorov (IF) shifts of reflected rotating elliptical Gaussian beams (REGBs) is investigated in the Otto configuration with a naturally hyperbolic material (NHM) substrate. The spatial shifts are enhanced significantly and adjusted by tuning the REGBs and the optical axis orientation of NHM. The magnitude of GH and IF shifts is easily evaluated by timing the elliptical parameter b02 on the basis of the spatial shift at b0=1.0 when η(=a0/b0)≥2.0. The attenuation total reflection (ATR) spectra are simulated for a hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) substrate. To better understand the impact of SPhPs on the GH and IF shifts, the dispersion curves of SPhPs are calculated. The features of GH and IF shifts around SPhPs can be observed through the frequency scanning along the dispersion curves at a fixed incident angle. The comparison between the ATR spectra and the dispersion curves demonstrates that the enhancement of GH and IF shifts with higher reflection always occurs in the reststrahlen bands (RBs) of NHM once SPhPs are excited. In RB-I, the magnitudes of GH and IF shifts attributable to the SPhPs are located between the peak and dip of a shift curve within a very narrow frequency region. However, in RB-II, the positive maximum values of GH and IF shifts just coincide with the SPhPs. As a result, it is predicted that a relatively large spatial shift will be observed along the frequency scanning line. The large shifts accompanied by the higher reflection may show potential applications in optical or optoelectronic technologies.

Experimental and theoretical study of the Favipiravir association in water solvent

Favipiravir, also known as T-705, is an antiviral prodrug that was first developed against the influenza virus and was later found to be effective against other RNA viruses, including arenaviruses, bunyaviruses, Zika, Ebola, Lassa, and COVID-19 viruses, in addition to influenza A and B. Due to the global prevalence of SARS-COV-2 in 2019, Favipiravir was used as an antiviral drug for treating COVID-19, but the challenges facing it, including its solubility, tablet ability, and bioavailability, remain. It is critical and challenging to develop a drug with appropriate bioavailability, improved oral absorption, and increased solubility without interfering with other functions and preventing the consumption of high daily doses. For this purpose, in the present study, the interactions of Favipiravir-Favipiravir and Favipiravir-H2O and the association of the Favipiravir molecules were investigated experimentally and theoretically. The theoretical results showed that under normal conditions, all structures were stable, but the most stable structure based on calculations of electronic energy, Gibbs, and solvation Gibbs free energies (minimum value), both in the gas phase and in the aqueous phase, is related to the B-enol isomer. Also, the change in dipole moment in the solvation process for this isomer was less than others. Also, the intense intermolecular hydrogen bonds O-H…O and N-H…O between the Favipiravir and water molecules showed that Favipiravir…Favipiravir interactions are stronger than Favipiravir…H2O interactions in aqueous solutions. These interactions indicate that Favipiravir can participate in the aggregation phenomena in high concentrations. Also, Stokeʼs shift values slightly increased with the decreasing the drug concentration in water (intramolecular charge transfer phenomenon).

The Luminescence of Laser-Produced Carbon Nanodots: The Effect of Aggregation in PEI Solution.

Carbon nanodots (CNDs) produced in pure water by the ablation of graphite with a nanosecond laser pulse exhibit weak photoluminescence. A small addition of polyethyleneimine (PEI) to the aqueous suspension of CNDs causes a significant increase in emissions. This paper presents experimental and theoretical studies of the emission properties of CND/PEI systems. The obtained CNDs responded to even trace amounts of PEI in solution (~0.014% v/v), resulting in a significant increase in the initial weak blue emission of CNDs and PEI taken separately. Morphology and size measurements showed that particle aggregation occurred in the presence of the polymer. A decrease in the calculated Stokes shift values was observed with increasing PEI content in the solution. This indicates a reduction in the number of non-radiative transitions, which explains the increase in the emission intensity of the CND/PEI systems. These results therefore confirmed that the increase in the emission of CND/PEI systems is caused by particle aggregation. Kinetic studies proved that the process is controlled mainly by diffusion, the initial stage of which has a dominant influence on determining the optical properties of the system.

Intermolecular interaction of azide, cyano and alkyne-N-phenethylacetamide dimers: Experimental and quantum chemical approach

In this study, we present the synthesis and structure characterization by single-crystal X-ray Diffraction (SC-XRD), Ultraviolet Spectroscopy (UV), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and High-resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS) of 2-azido-N-phenethylacetamide (4) and 2-cyano-N-phenethylacetamide (6). Further, Density Functional Theory (DFT) was employed to get a better insight regarding the properties exhibited by the compounds. The computational chemistry has been used to explain and investigate the bimolecular nucleophilic substitution (SN2) and concerted acyl substitution mechanisms for the synthesis of compounds 4 and 6, respectively. Additionally, intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC) calculations confirm the transition state for these reactions. The X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the compounds 4 and 6 crystallized as monoclinic systems, in space group P21/c and P21/n, respectively. The Hirshfeld Surface Analysis revealed that the main contributions in the crystal packing have H···H, H···N/N···H, H···C/C···H and H···O/O···H interactions. The frontier molecular orbital energies were calculated and the HOMO-LUMO energy gap of 4 and 6 were 10.011 and 10.278 eV, respectively. Theoretical values of electronic transitions, vibrational frequencies and NMR chemical shifts were calculated and compared with experimental results, they all showed good results.

N‐Pyridylureas as Masked Isocyanates Fort the Late‐Stage Diversification of Pyridine‐N‐Oxides

AbstractA new method for the synthesis of pyridine‐ and quinoline‐N‐oxides containing a ureido or carbamoyl fragment in position 2 has been developed. This method concluded in the oxidation of relatively readily available substituted N,N‐dimethyl‐N′‐(pyridine‐2‐yl)ureas to the corresponding N‐oxides, followed by modification of the dimethylureide moiety. Being heated to 90 °C in the presence of amines in a solution of DMF or chlorobenzene, N‐oxide of N,N‐dimethyl‐N′‐(pyridine‐2‐yl)urea undergoes a transamination reaction without loss of the N‐oxide function. This produces N‐oxides of N‐alkyl/aryl‐N’‐(pyridine‐2‐yl)ureas in 24–99 % yields, (about 30 examples). Values of the NH protons chemical shifts are a good criterion for the selectivity of the reaction. The reaction is also applicable to N‐oxides of ureas substituted in the pyridine ring and to the quinoline congener. N‐Oxides of pyridine/quinoline‐containing carbamates can be similarly prepared by heating N‐oxides of N,N‐dimethyl‐N′‐(pyridine‐2‐yl)/(quinoline‐2‐yl)‐urea in an appropriate alcohol solution at 120 °C.

Imidazole Based Novel Schiff Base: Synthesis, Characterization, Quantum Chemical Calculations, In Silico Investigation of ADMEt Properties and Molecular Docking Simulations against VEGFR2 Protein

The potential drug candidate novel Schiff base, 2-(((3-(4-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)imino)methyl)phenol (MITPIM) was synthesized by the reaction of salicylaldehyde and 3-(4-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)aniline which is the precursor of the nilotinib molecule used in the cancer treatment. It was characterizated by using spectroscopic techniques such as 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, 19F-NMR, FT-IR and UV-Vis. DFT computational technique was used for further investigation. DFT/B3LYP method and the 6-311G(d,p) basis set were used to determine optimized geometry. Then by using optimized geometry and DFT approach three-dimensional molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), vibration frequencies, NMR chemical shift values, HOMOs-LUMOs and molecular orbital energies were calculated. It was observed that the experimental and theoretical datas were in good agreement. The ADME and toxicity properties were investigated by using online servers. According to the results, it was concluded that the MITPIM has low toxicity and high oral bioavailability. Molecular docking simulations of the MITPIM with VEGFR2 protein (PDB ID: 2XIR) were investigated. According to molecular docking studies, the binding energy of the complex formed by the MITPIM with VEGFR2 protein (PDB ID: 2XIR) was −9.34 kcal/mol and the value was close to nilotinib’s binding score which was -9.69 kcal/mol. Molecular docking and ADMEt results shown that the newly synthesized MITPIM has the potential to be drug.

Two dimensional parallel sequence spread spectrum for wireless communications

A novel two-dimensional parallel sequence spread spectrum (2D-PSSS) structure for the physical layer of wireless communication systems is introduced. The proposed 2D-PSSS system partitions a data block into two groups of bits, representing the two dimensions. The first dimension represents the selected code from a predefined set of Gold codes. While the second dimension determines a shift value applied to the chosen code. The shifted Gold code will represent the data block. By design, the 2D-PSSS system overcomes the challenge of inter-code interference encountered in conventional PSSS systems without introducing additional computational complexity. Moreover, the 2D-PSSS system offers reduced encoder computational complexity compared to PSSS systems, enhancing its suitability for a wide range of wireless communication applications. The performance of the 2D-PSSS system in terms of bit error rate has been evaluated in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel and under different fading channel conditions.

5‐Bromosalicylaldehyde: Theoretical, Experimental and Spectroscopic (FT‐IR, Raman, H1and C13‐NMR, UV‐Vis) Studies and Their Photovoltaic Parameters

AbstractThis study aims to identify a 5‐bromosalicylaldehyde (5BSA) and assess its performance for application in organic solar cells. In the current work, the 5BSA was investigated using various techniques such as FT‐IR, Raman, NMR, and UV‐Vis spectroscopy to characterize the title molecule. The possible conformers of the 5BSA were studied using the MMFF methodology in Spartan software. The geometry optimization of modifications for each conformation was computed using the DFT approach for the B3LYP/6‐311++G(d,p) functional. The energy and dipole moment of most stable form were determined −1879057.42 kcal/mol and 1.455 Debye, respectively. The FT‐IR and Raman vibrational frequencies, the H1and C13NMR chemical shift values (in vacuum and in DMSO‐d6), the UV spectrum calculations (both in vacuum and in the solvent ethanol), the HOMO‐LUMO energy, and the map of MEP. Meanwhile, by considering the properties of organic photovoltaic cells, the open‐circuit voltage (VOC), hole reorganization energy (λh) and electron reorganization energy (λe), light‐harvesting efficiency (LHE), total reorganization energy (λtotal), the short‐circuit current density (Jsc), the driving force (ΔGinject), binding energy (Eb) were also computed for the title compound. In addition, transition density matrix (TDM) and density of states (DOS) analyses were conducted for the 5BSA molecule.

Chiral Recognition of Chiral (Hetero)Cyclic Derivatives Probed by Tetraaza Macrocyclic Chiral Solvating Agents via 1H NMR Spectroscopy.

In the field of chiral recognition, chiral cyclic organic compounds, especially heterocyclic organic compounds, have attracted little attention and have been rarely studied as chiral substrates by means of 1H NMR spectroscopy. In this paper, enantiomers of thiohydantoin derivatives, representing typical five-membered N,N-heterocycles, have been synthesized and utilized for assignment of absolute configuration and analysis of enantiomeric excess. All enantiomers have been successfully differentiated with the assistance of novel tetraaza macrocyclic chiral solvating agents (TAMCSAs) by 1H NMR spectroscopy. Surprisingly, unprecedented nonequivalent chemical shift values (up to 2.052 ppm) of the NH proton of substrates have been observed, a new milestone in the evaluation of enantiomers. To better understand the intermolecular interactions between host and guest, Job plots and theoretical calculations of (S)-G1 and (R)-G1 with TAMCSA 1a were investigated and revealed significant geometric differentiation between the diastereomers. In order to evaluate practical applications of the present systems in analyzing optical purity of chiral substrates, enantiomeric excesses of a typical substrate (G1) with different optical compositions in the presence of a representative TAMCSA (1a) can be accurately calculated based on the integration of the NH proton's signal peaks. Importantly, this work provides a significant breakthrough in exploring and developing the chiral recognition of chiral heterocyclic organic compounds by 1H NMR spectroscopy.

Solid state NMR study of the bioenhancer piperine, supported by GIPAW DFT calculations

Piperine, an alkaloid found in black pepper fruits, has the properties of promoting the absorption of other substances (e.g. curcumin), therefore it is used in solid forms of dietary supplements as an additive increasing bioavailability. The aim of the study was to analyze piperine in a solid state and then to use it in the analysis of solid dietary supplements with the addition of piperine as an absorption promoter. The 13C CP MAS NMR spectra were recorded using variable contact time and dipolar dephasing experiment. The calculation of theoretical chemical shift values for three polymorphic forms of piperine allowed us to create a database of NMR parameters enabling the identification of polymorphic forms based on the analysis of the 13C CP MAS NMR spectrum. Additionally, the analysis of cross-polarization kinetics parameters was performed. Then, the 13C CP MAS NMR technique was used to confirm the authenticity and determine the presence of curcumin in dietary supplements containing curcumin with the addition of piperine. The presence of piperine could be confirmed even when the mass content of piperine was 70 times lower than that of curcumin. This method can be used to test the quality of dietary supplements containing the addition of piperine as an absorption promoter.

Weak measurement of the Goos–Hänchen shift for a Hermite–Gaussian laser beam

We report on an experimental investigation of the Goos–Hänchen (GH) optical beam shift in the vicinity of the critical angle of incidence at an air–glass interface using a weak value amplification (WVA) technique for two mutually orthogonal first order Hermite–Gaussian (HG) modes (HG10 and HG01) of a light beam at 633 nm generated by a phase-only reflective spatial light modulator. We have developed a mathematical approach to visualize the beam shaping due to the WVA scheme of beam shifts for the HG modes. The study reveals the angle of incidence dependency of the GH shift in the total internal reflection condition. For both modes, a detailed study of the horizontal and transverse beam shift values with varied post-selection angles is also reported. In addition, a comparison of the beam shift values for both of the selected modes with the fundamental mode (HG00) has been demonstrated. We found a significant enhancement (about two to three times) in the beam shifts for the first order HG10 and HG01 modes compared to the fundamental mode (HG00). Our results clearly demonstrate the advantages of the HG modes of the light beam-exploiting WVA technique and thus may contribute significantly to this field and open up important applications in photonic manipulation and future technologies.

Characteristics of Inferior Myocardial Infarction With a Special Electrocardiographic Pattern (Aslanger) in Metabolic Syndrome

To evaluate the features of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction with the Aslanger pattern in comparison with traditional forms of inferior myocardial infarction in metabolic syndrome. This study included 30 patients with inferior myocardial infarction in the presence of metabolic syndrome: 9 patients with the Aslanger electrocardiographic pattern (group 1, age 59.7 [58.4; 63.1] years) and the rest with one of the traditional forms (control group, 59.9 [57.2; 63.8] years, matched by all criteria of metabolic syndrome). All patients underwent primary percutaneous intervention with assessment of the angiographic picture. The magnitude of ST-segment elevation was measured in lead III at the J point and following 0.06 seconds, and the optimal threshold value of this indicator was determined for a new picture of myocardial infarction. The infarct-related artery in the Aslanger pattern was more often the circumflex artery (p=0.0099), and coronary thrombosis was characterized by a lower TIMI thrombus grade (p=0.014). SYNTAX values for the Aslanger pattern and for the traditional picture of inferior infarction with ST elevation in lead II≥III were higher than for a similar picture with ST elevation in lead III>II. The level of cTnI at admission (p=0.013) and after 24 hours (p=0.0017), the platelet count (p=0.0011) and mean volume (p=0.0047) in group 1 had smaller values than with traditional inferior infarction. The ST elevation at J point and at J+0.06 s point for lead III with the Aslanger pattern was significantly lower than values of such shift in lead III>II and lead II≥III with traditional inferior infarction (p<0.001). An elevation value ≤1.5 mm at J point +0.06 s was a predictor of infarction with the Aslanger pattern. Constructing the ROC curve made it possible to determine that with the Aslanger pattern, the best cutoff value for this index is 2 mm. Myocardial infarction with the Aslanger pattern as compared with traditional lower infarction in metabolic syndrome is characterized by specific individual angiographic signs, lower ST segment elevation, cTnI level, and thrombotic disorders.

Design of dual‐band filtering phase shifter based on E‐network

SummaryThis letter presents a design method for dual‐band filtering phase shifters, which is based on E‐type networks. The dual‐band filtering function and different predetermined phase shift values are realized by E‐type networks and two delay lines. The dual‐band bandwidth and frequency ratio can be adjusted. Moreover, the dual‐band phase‐shift bandwidth has been extended. Finally, a dual‐band filtering phase shifter with simple structure and good filtering characteristics is fabricated and measured, which can provide 90 ± 5° and 225 ± 5° phase shifts at 1.75–2.58 GHz and 4.38–5.78 GHz, respectively. All results exhibit a good agreement between the electromagnetic (EM) simulation and measurement results.