Shell Ratio Research Articles

Shell Area–To-Volume Ratio in Ammonoids

The external area-to-volume ratio of the ammonite shell has been held to be related to morphology but never evaluated quantitatively. A dimensionless ratio, the Vogel number, was computed for large samples of Devonian to Cretaceous ammonites with a new method based on the ADA-model. The estimated ratios range from 2.4 to 3.4. The highest values are exhibited by uncoiled serpenticone ammonites, lowering in the sequence serpenticone-oxycone-spherocone. It is shown that the area-to-volume relationships are controlled by the involution (degree of overlapping) and the relative width of whorl section. The typical evolutionary trends serpenticone–spherocone and/or serpenticone–oxycone, broadly documented through the history of the Ammonoidea, could have been driven, at least in part, by the lowering of the area-to-volume ratio.

Empirical analysis of uric acid in Malpighian tubules and dry excrements and economic traits of the silkworm hybrids

In the present study the amount of nitrogenous uric acid is found to be determined both in malpighian tubules and dry litter during fifth instar silkworm larvae. The PM X CSR2 multi-bi hybrid and FC2 X FC1 bivoltine double hybrid silkworm revealed positive response and consistent increase in the level of production of uric acid. The pattern of formation of uric acid in malpighian tubules of both the hybrids exhibits consistent level of increase in all the days of fifth instar; however, the quantum of uric acid is relatively more on the last two days of fifth instar silkworm larvae. The level of changes in uric acid content is comparatively higher than the Malpighian tubules in all the days of V instar silkworm of both the hybrids. The expression and manifestation of both the quantitative and qualitative traits of PM X CSR2 and FC2 X FC1 were recorded. The cocoon characters of FC2 X FC1 hybrid showed better in performance in the expression and manifestation compare to PM X CSR2 hybrid in cocoon weight, shell weight and shell ratio pre-monsoon. The filament length and filament weight are the qualitative parameters also reflected on par with the cocoon characters. The thickness of the filament is predetermined and reflected the quality of the silk. In FC2 X FC1 the denier is lesser than the PM X CSR2 which shows the denier is almost doubled. Finally, the quantum of cocoons required to produce one kg of raw silk is of almost 5.36kg whereas, the PM X CSR2 showed 8.28kg for the production of one kg of raw silk. In the present empirical analysis in relation to the uric acid content in dry excrement and malpighian tubules during fifth instar are carried out to understand the day to day changes in the chief nitrogenous waste product of the silkworm, Bombyx mori L.

The effect of natural zeolite as feed additive on performance and egg quality in old laying hens

This experiment was aimed to use natural zeolite as a feed additive to diet in old laying hens. 36 laying hens of ISA White strain were used, at age of 72 week. The hens were divided into three treatments and each treatment consisted of six replicates with tow hens each. A standard basic ration was used consisting of maize and soybean meal, and the zeolite was added according to the design of the experiment as follows, without zeolite (control T1), +0.5% zeolite (T2) and +1% zeolite (T3). The experiment lasted for 6 weeks. The collected data of performance and egg quality parameters were evaluated of 3 week basis period (1st period 72 -75 week, 2nd period 75 -78 week) and the entire period (72 -78 week). Results indicated that there was no significant effect of adding natural zeolite on the studied performance parameters feed intake (g/hen/d) and feed conversion ratio (g/g) or on the egg production (%), egg weight (g/hen) and egg mass (g/hen/d). However, it must be noted that the hens fed with zeolite at level of +0.5 and +1% showed a higher (p ˃ 0.05) egg productivity comparing to hens without zeolite. Regarding the egg quality parameters, no significant effect were observed between the treatments. However, there were only significantly improvement in egg shell ratio (%) and egg shell density (mg/cm2) when the data of 72 - 78 week were pooled and analyzed. In this study, the zeolite supplementation showed no effects on blood plasma composition. In conclusion, the adding of natural zeolite at inclusion rate of 1% had positive effect on egg production and improved the shell egg quality of old laying hens.

Effect of joint stiffness and size on stability of three-way single-layer cylindrical reticular shell

The main aim of the present article is to study the effect of joint stiffness and joint size on load-carrying capacity of single-layer cylindrical reticular shell. One normalized joint bending stiffness index κb and three proposed normalized indexes, that is, normalized joint axial stiffness κa, normalized joint shear stiffness κs, and normalized joint torsional stiffness κt, are used to evaluate the stiffness of joint. Through a large number of numerical computations, the main conclusions are summarized as follows: κb has a significant effect on limit load of reticular shell, and this effect has a close relationship to rise-to-span ratio of reticular shell. If κb is larger than 30, the joint can be treated as rigid joint. The relationship between the logarithm of κb and limit load of reticular shell can be expressed by the logistic formulation. Overall rigidity and load-carrying capacity of reticular shell are greatly influenced by joint axial stiffness. If κa is larger than 30, the effect of joint axial stiffness on load-carrying capacity of reticular shell is no longer obvious. Otherwise, the load-carrying capacity will be markedly reduced. The relation between the logarithm of κa and limit load of reticular shell can be fitted by the Dose–response formulation. The load-carrying capacity of reticular shell is also influenced by joint torsional stiffness and joint shear stiffness to some extent. The relation between the logarithm of κs and limit load can be fitted by the Asymptotic formulation. The effect of joint size on overall rigidity and limit load of reticular shell is evident and cannot be neglected. The limit load gradually decreases with the decrease in joint size, and there is an approximate linear relationship between limit load and joint size.

Fix of Zn species in silicalite‐2 via a facile crystallisation process control route

Zinc species were fixed in the silicalite-2 zeolite by a crystallisation process control method. By controlling the introduction time of Zn during the crystallisation process, the distribution of Zn species in zeolite crystals can be facilely adjusted. Particularly, as Zn species were introduced after the completion of nucleation or crystal growth, crystals with structure of silica-core and Zn-silica shell will be formed. The ratio of shell to core thickness can be easily varied by adjusting the Zn feeding time as well as controlling the recrystallisation period.

Heterosis Evaluation of Some Local and Imported Hybrids of Silkworm, Bombyx mori L.

Five local and two imported hybrids were used. The hybrids were evaluated according to heterosis over mid, better and check parent value. As well as evaluation index and subordinate function value for cocoon weight (CW), cocoon shell weight (CSW), pupal weight (PW), cocoon shell ratio (CSR), silk productivity (SP) for females and males. fifth instar duration (Fd), total larval duration (LD), mortality percentage (MP), number of cocoon per liter (C/L), cocooning percentage (CP), pupation ratio (PR), cocoon crop by number (crop/No) and weight (Crop/W), fecundity (Fecund) and fertility (Fertili). There isn't any hybrid earned the best heterosis over mid parent and better parent value for all traits together. HY A hybrid has the best heterosis for most characters understudy over mid and better parent values. Generally, HY A exhibited hybrid vigour over check parent value of G1 and G2 of most characters under study. Hybrid HY A has the best results for most traits under investigation. About the mean of evaluation index for hybrids understudy, best data registered for HY A, HY B, G2 and G1. Also, hybrid HY A registered the highest value of the subordinate function for most traits. Cumulative subordinate function raveled that G2, HY A, G1 and HY B hybrids acquired the highest results, respectively.

Controlling Magnetization Reversal and Hyperthermia Efficiency in Core-Shell Iron-Iron Oxide Magnetic Nanoparticles by Tuning the Interphase Coupling.

Magnetic particle hyperthermia, in which colloidal nanostructures are exposed to an alternating magnetic field, is a promising approach to cancer therapy. Unfortunately, the clinical efficacy of hyperthermia has not yet been optimized. Consequently, routes to improve magnetic particle hyperthermia, such as designing hybrid structures comprised of different phase materials, are actively pursued. Here, we demonstrate enhanced hyperthermia efficiency in relatively large spherical Fe/Fe-oxide core–shell nanoparticles through the manipulation of interactions between the core and shell phases. Experimental results on representative samples with diameters in the range 30–80 nm indicate a direct correlation of hysteresis losses to the observed heating with a maximum efficiency of around 0.9 kW/g. The absolute particle size, the core–shell ratio, and the interposition of a thin wüstite interlayer are shown to have powerful effects on the specific absorption rate. By comparing our measurements to micromagnetic calculations, we have unveiled the occurrence of topologically nontrivial magnetization reversal modes under which interparticle interactions become negligible, aggregates formation is minimized and the energy that is converted into heat is increased. This information has been overlooked until date and is in stark contrast to the existing knowledge on homogeneous particles.

Citrullus lanatus essential oils inclusion in diets elicit nutraceutical effects on egg production, egg quality, and physiological characteristics in layer hens

The study evaluated the effects of Citrullus lanatus essential oils inclusion in diet on egg production, egg quality, and physiological parameters in layer hens. A total of 72 White Leghorn point-of-lay hens at 18 wk were used for the study. The hens were randomly allocated to following 3 dietary treatments: 1) commercial layer diet (control), 2) commercial diet + 1 g C. lanatus essential oil/kg feed (1gCL), and 3) commercial diet + 2 g C. lanatus essential oil/kg feed (2gCL). Each treatment was replicated 8 times arranged in completely randomized design. From the results, an increase in total weight gain, average daily feed intake, and average daily gain was observed with inclusion of the C. lanatus essential oil. In addition, the inclusion of C. lanatus in diet improved the egg mass and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Hens fed C. lanatus–containing diets had higher egg mass (1gCL, 53.35 g ± 0.71; 2gCL, 53.99 ± 0.71 g) compared with the control (52.90 ± 0.71). The C. lanatus containing diets also had lower FCR than the control (1gCL [2.18 ± 0.22] and 2gCL [2.16 ± 0.22] vs. control [2.20 ± 0.71]). With regards to egg quality parameters, inclusion of C. lanatus oil appeared to reduce shell weight and shell ratio, while increasing albumen height and Haugh unit. Diets containing C. lanatus had significantly higher amounts of stearic acid, and linoleic acid was highest (P < 0.05) in the 2gCL fed hens. Birds fed the 2gCL diet (15.29 ± 0.60) had the highest total polyunsaturated fatty acids, total n-6 fatty acids (14.81 ± 0.59) and also had the highest n-6/n-3 ratio. An increase hematological values was observed with inclusion of C. lanatus essential oils in diets. Moreover, tibia bone parameters were also significantly improved with inclusion of C. lanatus essential oils in diets. It can be concluded that C. lanatus essential oil positively affected egg production, and quality and health of layer hens can be used successfully as a natural feed additive.

Effects of Guanidinoacetic acid supplements on laying performance, egg quality, liver nitric oxide and energy metabolism in laying hens at the late stage of production

AbstractThe objective was to elucidate the effects of dietary supplementation with guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) on performance, egg quality and the liver antioxidant activity of laying hens. A total of 128, 72-week-old ISA Brown laying hens were randomly divided into four equal groups (32 birds), and each subgroup had eight replicates (four birds/cage). The control group (GAA0) fed the basal diet with no supplements, while the other experimental groups fed the basal diets supplemented with 0.5 (GAA1), 1.0 (GAA2) and 1.5 (GAA3) g of GAA/kg diet. The experiment lasted for 6 weeks. The addition of GAA at a rate of 1.5 g kg−1 significantly increased the hen-day egg production and egg mass as compared to the control group (P = 0.016 and 0.003, respectively). Although the egg weight was not affected (P = 0.521) by the dietary supplements, the shell ratio, shell thickness, yolk index and Haugh units increased linearly with the increase in the dietary supplements of the GAA (P = 0.036, 0.001, 0.012 and 0.004, respectively). The liver MDA levels decreased linearly with the increment in the dietary levels of the GAA (P = 0.012). Birds in the GAA2 and GAA3 showed a significantly higher liver nitric oxide level (52.50 and 54.21 mg/g, respectively) when compared with GAA0 and GAA1 groups (P = 0.029). Compared to the GAA0 group, all GAA-supplemented groups showed significantly higher liver ATP levels (P = 0.047). In conclusion, the dietary GA supplements at doses of 1.0 or 1.5 g kg−1 may improve the laying performance, antioxidant activity and the status of cellular energy metabolism in laying hens.

ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF TWO HAZELNUTS VARIETIES AND ITS KERNEL RELATION TO HARVEST AND THRESHING

In this research, several engineering properties of two hazelnut cultivars (Palaz and Cakildak varieties) were determined and compared in terms of linear dimensions, mass, sphericity, surface area, projected area, true and bulk densities, porosity, repose angle, shell ratio, terminal velocity, rupture force, energy, deformation and drag coefficient. These properties are necessary for the design of much equipment for harvesting, processing, and transportation, sorting, separating and packing. Also, rupture force and deformations were determined which are the most discriminant parameters that can be used to describe the behavior under compression. In both cultivars, these values were also determined within the kernels.

Aqueous synthesis of L-cysteine-modified cobalt-doped zinc selenide/zinc sulfide quantum dots with enhanced fluorescence

Cobalt-doped zinc selenide/zinc sulfide quantum dots have been successfully synthesized directly in aqueous solution by using L-cysteine as the modifier. The optical properties and structures of the as-prepared quantum dots have been characterized through transmission electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, infrared spectrum, energy dispersive X-ray spectrum, ultraviolet-visible spectrum, and fluorescence spectrum. The results show that cobalt-doped zinc selenide/zinc sulfide quantum dots are spherical particles with a diameter around 2.8 nm, have good dispersity and have a cubic zinc blende structure. The effects of several synthesis conditions on the fluorescence properties of the as-prepared quantum dots are surveyed and the optimum synthesis conditions are found to be as follows: reaction solution pH of 10.0; molar ratio of L-cysteine to hydrogen selenide ions to zinc ions of 1.6:0.15:1; doping content of cobalt ions of 2%; molar ratio of shell (zinc sulfide) to core (cobalt-doped zinc selenide) of 1.5:1. The fluorescence quantum yield of the as-prepared quantum dots increases from 6.4% to 19% via doping with cobalt ions and the epitaxial growth of zinc sulfide shell. The L-cysteine modified on the surface of cobalt-doped zinc selenide/zinc sulfide quantum dots renders the quantum dots water-soluble and bioconjugation capable. The L-cysteine-modified cobalt-doped zinc selenide/zinc sulfide quantum dots will have potential applications in biological fluorescence analysis.

Safety evaluation of four entomopathogenic nematode species against two silkworm species

AbstractChinese oak silkworm (Antheraea pernyi) and mulberry silkworm (Bombyx mori) are economically important insects used for silk production and food resource. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) from the families of Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae are beneficial organisms currently considered in biological control. In this paper, we evaluated survival of two silkworm species exposed to four Steinernema species which are widely applied in pest control. The results showed that among four Steinernema species, S. bicornutum and S. feltiae did not have an effect on the larval survival to the two silkworm species, whereas S. carpocapsae and S. glaseri did have an effect. Each Steinernema species poses no threat to hatchability of eggs, pupation rate, larval durations and cocoon shell ratio.

Evaluation of the Metabolic Effects of Hydrogen Sulfide on the Development of Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae), Using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics.

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a highly poisonous gas with an unpleasant smell of rotten eggs. Previous studies of H2S have primarily focused on its effects on mammalian nervous and respiratory systems. In this study, silkworm developmental parameters and changes in metabolites in response to H2S exposure were investigated using a hemolymph metabolomic approach, based on liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The developmental parameters, body weight, cocoon weight, cocoon shell weight, and cocoon shell ratio, were noticeably increased following H2S exposure, with the greatest effects observed at 7.5-μM H2S. Metabolites upregulated under H2S exposure (7.5 μM) were related to inflammation, and included (6Z, 9Z, 12Z)-octadecatrienoic acid, choline phosphate, and malic acid, while hexadecanoic acid was downregulated. Identified metabolites were involved in biological processes, including pyrimidine, purine, and fatty acid metabolism, which are likely to affect silk gland function. These results demonstrate that H2S is beneficial to silkworm development and alters metabolic pathways related to spinning function and inflammation. The present study provides new information regarding the potential functions of H2S in insects and metabolic pathways related to this phenomenon.

Characterisation of cocoon of different population of Antheraea assamensis (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)

ABSTRACT The characterisation of cocoons is one of the most important requirements to know the economic importance of a sericigenous insect. Antheraea assamensis produces the golden muga silk, which is considered as the second most expensive silk in the world for its high quality. Although muga silk worm is a single species, it has many varieties with respect to its geographical areas. However, literary works on the most important economic traits connected to silk production of different populations of A. assamensis are very limited. Therefore, the present study has been aimed to know the cocoon efficiency and the silk quality of the different populations of the A. assamensis following the standard techniques. The study was performed after collecting the cocoon samples from 11 different regions of the North East India. The result showed that A. assamensis exhibit variation in cocoon colour along with other significant differences in the cocoon weight, shell weight, shell ratio and silk quality. The cocoons of the wild population recorded more cocoon weight, shell ratio, filament length and tenacity but at the same time due to the deposition of higher degree of calcium oxalate crystals on the cocoon surface, they were hard to reel. Based on these characters, the study recommended some stocks, which could be used for future breeding programme based on the genetic distance between the parents.

Japon Bıldırcınlarında Canlı Ağırlık ile Bazı Yumurta Kalite Özellikleri Arasındaki İlişkiler

Bu çalışma, Japon bıldırcınlarında (Coturnix coturnix japanica) canlı ağırlıktaki değişimin yumurtaların bazı dış ve iç kalite özellikleri üzerine etkilerini ve kalite özellikleri arasındaki ilişkileri araştırmak amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Denemede, bireysel kafeslerde yetiştirilen toplam 30 adet dişi bıldırcın ve bu bıldırcından elde edilen 180 adet yumurta kullanılmıştır. 30 adet bıldırcın ağırlıklarına göre 5 farklı grup olarak ele alınmış ve canlı ağırlık ortalamaları, 1., 2., 3., 4. ve 5. gruplar için sırasıyla; 238,0; 216,0; 202,3; 191,3 ve 174,0 g şeklinde oluşturulmuştur. İncelenen yumurtalar, bıldırcınlardan bireysel olarak toplanmış ve bıldırcınların canlı ağırlık gruplarına göre ayrılarak değerlendirme yapılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, yumurta ağırlığı, kabuk ağırlığı, kabuk kalınlığı, kabuk oranı, ak ağırlığı, ak oranı, sarı ağırlığı, sarı çapı ve sarı oranı gibi özellikler canlı ağırlıktan önemli düzeyde etkilenmiştir. Canlı ağırlık ile yumurta ağırlığı, ak ağırlığı ve sarı ağırlığı arasında önemli ve pozitif (sırasıyla, 0,28; 0,24 ve 0,25); canlı ağırlık ile şekil indeksi ve kabuk ağırlığı arasında ise önemli ve pozitif (sırasıyla, 0,17 ve 0,15) korelasyonlar saptanmıştır.

Study on properties and application of pyrophosphate flame retardant microcapsules prepared from hemicellulose maleate

The paper presents a new, non-pollution pyrophosphate flame retardant microcapsules which was prepared by in situ polymerization with hemicellulose maleate (HCMA), urea, formaldehyde and pyrophosphate. The HCMA was obtained through the hemicellulose extracted from the waste liquid of regenerated cellulose fiber and modified by maleic anhydride. The pyrophosphate flame retardant microcapsules were degradable and environment friendly, and they could effectively provide compatibility with matrix and flame resistance. The preparation and properties of flame retardant microcapsules were determined. Under the preparation conditions of which the core–shell ratio was 2:1.5 (mol:mol), pH was 3.5 and temperature was 55 °C, the embedding quantity reached to 66.7%, and the average particle size of flame retardant microcapsules was about 20 μm. The flame retardant microcapsules exhibited good thermal stability. Thermal kinetics analysis was studied based on the Coats–Redfern equation, and the changes of activation energy during the thermal degradation were determined. The pyrophosphate flame retardant microcapsules were added into the regenerated cellulose fiber stock solution to prepare the film sample. By adding 15% flame retardant microcapsules, the LOI of film sample reached 29.1%, and the UL-94 on vertical combustion could reach UL-94-V-0. The film sample with pyrophosphate flame retardant microcapsules showed excellent flame retardant performance. The preparation on shell of flame retardant microcapsules

Determination of Characteristics Properties of Some Sunflower Seed in Erzurum and Iğdır Irrigated Conditions

This research was carried out between the years of 2015-2016 in order to determine the seed properties of some sunflower genotypes in Erzurum and Iğdır irrigated conditions. In this study seven type of (Coral, P4Ll62, Pactol, Lg5580, Tarsan, 08Tr003, Cadix) sunflower cultivars were used and grain length, width, thickness, dehulled seed (internal rate of grain) and shell ratio of the samples were examined. In this study significant were found the other features except seed width and thickness where some sunflower of grown in different location. In the designed location in Erzurum; grain length, width, thickness, dehulled seed were determined as 11.8–13.4 mm (Coral: P4Ll62), 5.8-6.2 mm (Coral: Lg5580 and Tarsan), 3.5-4.4 mm (Coral and Pactol: Cadix), 16.3-21.3 mm (Cadix: P4Ll62 and Tarsan 1018) and 56.3-76.3 mm (Tarsan and Cadix : P4Ll62). In the designated location in Iğdır, these values ranged between 11.5-14.2 mm (Coral: P4Ll62), 5.5-6.5 mm (Pactol: Tarsan 1018 and Cadix), 3.6-4.1 mm (Coral and Pactol: Cadix), 16.7-26.7mm (P4Ll62 and Pactol: Cadix) and 66.7-81.7 mm (Pactol: Cadix) respectively. According to these results, the designated location for this research in Iğdır come in to prominence in terms of the investigated properties.

Pectin and Zinc Alginate: The Right Inner/Outer Polymer Combination for Core-Shell Drug Delivery Systems

Core-shell beads loaded with betamethasone were developed using co-axial prilling as production technique and pectin plus alginate as polymeric carriers. During this study, many operative conditions were intensively investigated to find the best ones necessary to produce uniform core-shell particle systems in a reproducible way. Particularly, feed solutions’ composition, polymers mass ratios and the effect of the main process parameters on particles production, micromeritics, inner structure, drug loading and drug-release/swelling profiles in simulated biological fluids were studied. The optimized core-shell formulation F5 produced with a pectin core concentration of 4.0% w/v and an alginate shell concentration of 2.0% w/v (2:1 core:shell ratio) acted as a sustained drug delivery system. It was able to reduce the early release of the drug in the upper part of the gastro-intestinal tract for the presence of the zinc-alginate gastro-resistant outer layer and to specifically deliver it in the colon, thanks to the selectivity of amidated low methoxy pectin core for this district. Therefore, these particles may be proposed as colon targeted drug delivery systems useful for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) therapy.

Infection dynamics of Bonamia exitiosa on intertidal Ostrea angasi farms.

Bonamia spp. cause epizootics in oysters worldwide. In southern Australia, Bonamiaexitiosa Hine, Cochennac and Berthe, 2001 threatens aquaculture of Ostrea angasi Sowerby, 1871. Bonamiaspp. infections can display strong seasonality, but seasonal dynamics of B.exitiosa-O.angasi are unknown. Ostrea angasi naïve to B.exitiosa infection were stocked onto farms in three growing regions, and B.exitiosa was monitored seasonally for oneyear. Environmental parameters we measured did not correlate with B.exitiosa prevalence or infection intensities. Extreme temperatures suggest O.angasi culture systems need development. Bonamiaexitiosa prevalence increased over time. After threemonths, O.angasi had B.exitiosa prevalence of 0.08-0.4, and after oneyear, the prevalence was 0.57-0.88. At some sites, O.angasi had >0.5 B.exitiosa prevalence in >6months, but at other sites, >9months passed before prevalence was >0.5. Bonamia exitiosa infection intensities were low with no seasonal pattern but were affected by the interaction of site, season and oyster meat:shell ratio. Understanding infection and initiating a breeding programme for resistance would provide benefits for O.angasi industry expansion.

Buckling analyses of FG porous nanocomposite cylindrical shells with graphene platelet reinforcement subjected to uniform external lateral pressure

In this paper, buckling analyses of functionally graded porous nanocomposite cylindrical shells reinforced with graphene platelets (FGPNCS-R-GPLs) under uniform external lateral pressure are performed for the first time. FGPNCS-R-GPLs are built by infiltrating GPLs into the metal matrix containing open-cell internal pores. Hence, different GPLs and porosity distribution patterns called uniform and non-uniform are considered through the thickness of the shell. The modified Halpin-Tsai micromechanics model and the rule of mixtures are employed to estimate the effective modulus of elasticity and to compute density and Poisson’s ratio of the porous nanocomposite shell respectively. The theoretical governing formulations are derived based the first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT), and then they are solved using Rayleigh-Ritz method to obtain the critical buckling pressure. Present formulations are validated by comparing the present numerical results with results obtained by finite element methods. Moreover, the effects of the number layer in the thickness direction, GPLs and porosity distribution patterns, porosity coefficient, GPL weight fraction, GPL shape, circumferential wave number, boundary condition and cylindrical shell dimensions are comprehensively investigated in detail to find the best parameter values to achieve the maximum buckling resistance of FGPNCS-R-GPLs.