Sharp Weapons Research Articles

Analysis of Homicidal Deaths among Medicolegal Autopsies Conducted at a Tertiary care Hospital in Karnataka: A Prospective Study

A Prospective study was conducted in the Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, JJM Medical College and Cigateri General Hospital, Davangere Karnataka, from 2010 to 2014 with regard to demographic, injury and mortality profiles among Medicolegal autopsies conducted in homicidal deaths and the same are presented in this paper. Results showed that male victims of the age group 31-40 years were more in number, with personal revenge being the usual motive of the perpetuators. Most of the deaths were due to combination of both blunt and sharp weapons with hemorrhagic shock as the most common cause of death.

Analisis Yuridis Terhadap Putusan Hakim Yang Menjatuhkan Pidana Kurungan Terhadap Pembawa Senjata Tajam Oleh Anak

Therefore this study aims to find out what is the legal basis of judges 'consideration in imposing criminal sanctions for carrying weapons of sharp weapons by children and to find out how the judges' decisions against criminal sanctions carried out by children in criminal cases Number 79 / Pid.Sus-Anak / 2017 /PN.Tjk.The method used in this study is descriptive normative. The procedure of data collection is done by means of library research and field studies. This research was carried out in the Tanjung Karang District Court, in order to achieve this goal the author used data collection techniques in the form of library research and field research by conducting direct interviews with judges at the Tanjung Karang District Court.The results of this study conclude that: (1) the basis for consideration of judges who impose criminal sanctions on children who carry sharp weapons in the application of criminal law (Number 79 / Pid.Sus-Anak / 2017 / PN.Tjk) is in accordance with the provisions stipulated in Article 2 Paragraph (1) of Law Number 12 of 1951. (2) Implementation of a judge's decision on a sentence of imprisonment committed by a child, in deciding a case the judge has considerable considerations, starting from the demands of the public prosecutor, witness statements, statement of the defendant, and evidence, as stipulated in article 197 of the Criminal Procedure Code, and the fulfillment of elements in accordance with the indictment as well as the laws of the child and there is no justification, so that they are found guilty, as well as things that are burdensome and mitigating. The panel of judges had many considerations so that the defendant had to account for his actions in accordance with the verdict handed down by the judge by serving a sentence of imprisonment for 2 months in prison and paying court fees of IDR 2000 rupiah.

Postmortem cadaveric depredation by animals– A diagnostic dilemma

Post-mortem animal predation may sometimes confuse at first sight with injuries of crucial origin, thus arousing suspicion of ante-mortem external violence. A reliable differentiation of the origin of such uncertain injuries is of vital importance, a fact that is mainly true for the investigation of suspected homicide and/or man made body mutilation after death. In forensic pathology, the identification of injuries caused by animals as post-mortem artefact is usually done by forensic pathologists with vast practical experience and special knowledge of the appearance and morphology of tooth marks of carnivores and rodents, respectively. Meticulous examination can only help to differentiate the cut in bones by sharp weapons or sawing of long bones by sharp weapons, for surgical amputation, from gnawing of dead bones by wild animals, showing no ante-mortem reaction. Here, we present a case report of a young adult male individual, who was found dead on railway tracks with alleged history of railway accident and all the facial features distorted by animal scavengers resulting in difficulty in identification, injury differentiation & cause and manner of death. Keywords: Artefact, post-mortem, Scavenging, Depredation, Animals, Injuries, Mutilation

Mechanistic Approaches and Current Trends in the Green Synthesis of Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles and their Applications

Nowadays nanotechnology is a buzzword in scientific area with diverse number of applications. The advancement in the eco-friendly and reliable systems for the development of nanoparticles are a crucial key to the discipline of nanotechnology. Nanoparticles have been incessantly evaluated and utilized in numerous industrial applications. Specifically, the rule of cobalt oxide nanoparticles has received an incredible interest due to its, UV filters properties and photochemical, antifungal, high catalyst, and antimicrobial activities. In chemical and physical techniques High rate of harmful chemicals are used for the synthesis of nanomaterials. To overcome this issue various clean and green methods are adopted which use plants, organisms and microscopic organisms for the synthesis of nanoparticles. This paper reviews different green synthesis techniques used for synthesis of cobalt oxide NPs and their applications. It was found that, the green route of synthesis is safe and eco-friendly. Additionally it is expected that the biomedical applications in this area will expand in different procedures including bio imaging, drug delivery, biosensors, and gene delivery. Also, cobalt oxide NPs can act about as sharp weapons against numerous drug resistant microorganisms and as a gifted substitute for antibiotics.

Canalicular lacerations in a tertiary eye hospital: our experience with monocanalicular stents

Introduction: Canalicular injury is commonly encountered in lid trauma. A multitude of techniques and stents are available to manage canalicular lacerations. Monocanalicular stents offer a simple, technically easy and cost-effective solution for managing such cases. Objective: This is a retrospective review of the patients presenting with canalicular lacerations to a tertiary eye hospital from January 2014 to September 2017. We evaluated factors like time of surgery, cause of injury, time of stent removal and their association with the surgical outcome. Additionally, we also reviewed the current data available in literature on the exclusive use of monocanalicular stents for the management of all types of canalicular injuries. Methods: Retrospective patient file review. Results: We evaluated 30 cases of canalicular injuries in 30 patients. The majority of our patients were males (24, 80%), and the mean age was 32.11±15.09 (4-59) years. The mode of injury was road traffic accidents (RTA) in 20 (66.7%), assault with sharp edged weapons in 8 (26.7%) and dog bite in 2 (6.6%) cases. The mean time of repair was 17.2±9.37 (6-36) hours after injury and the mean time of stent removal/ extrusion was 3.5±0.99 (0.5-5) months. The cases were divided based on time of repair i.e., within 24 hours (21 cases) or after 24 hours (9 cases) from the onset of injury. The extrusion rates were 14.3% (3) and 44.4% (4) respectively in the two groups. Our overall anatomical success rate was 86.7% and functional success rate of 76.7%. Conclusions: Overall failure rate was 23.3% (7 out of 30). Delay in surgery (>24 hours) and dog bites were associated with a poorer prognosis of canalicular repair using monocanalicular stents. Abbreviations: FDDT = Fluorescein dye disappearance test, SPSS = Statistical Package for Social Sciences, RTA = Road Traffic Accident.

Patterns and Severity of Injuries in Patients Following Physical Assault– A Medicolegal Aspects

Background and purpose: Physical assault (PA) is a common cause of mortality and morbidity throughout the world and the prevalence is still very high in underdeveloped and developing countries. With the objective to see the spectrum of injury following PA from the medico legal point of view, this study was design in a tertiary care centre at far eastern part of Nepal.
 Material and method: This is a prospective analytical study with non- probability consecutive sampling of physical assault cases presented in the emergency department over the duration of 4 months. All the patients who meet the inclusion criteria were collected in preformed proforma. Gender, types of weapons used for PA, location of external and internal injuries, various treatment strategies, and severity of injuries were presented in frequencies and percentage. Association of different age categories, gender and types of weapons used with severity of injuries were analysed using Chi square/ Fisher’s exact test wherever applicable.
 Result: There were total 99 patients presented with physical assault during the study period with mean age of presentation 31.69 (SD 13.38) Years with male (70%) predominance. Among various types of weapons used for PA; punches/ kicks were used in 50% of assaults followed by blunt heavy objects (35%) and sharp heavy weapons (14%). Location of the external injuries were more common in head and neck area . Obvious internal injuries were seen in 14% of the assaulted patients. Among all the case of PA, 42% patients needed some sort of surgical intervention during hospital stay. There were 9% cases of grievous injury and 6% had life threatening injuries.
 Conclusion: Physical assault is a common mode of injuries in eastern Nepal, where young males are more prone to such injuries. Violence are commonly carried out using fists, kicks and blunt objects. Severity of injuries is similar with all the types of weapons used.

RISIKO DAN REFLEKSIVITAS GAY TERHADAP KEKERASAN (Studi Kasus pada Komunitas Gay di Surakarta)

<p>Gay is a minority group the existence of which is still unacceptable to the society. It puts the gay into a group vulnerable to violence risk. The objective of research is to study the risk and the reflexivity of violence in gay community in Surakarta. This qualitative with case study approach took place in Surakarta. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling one. The informant of research consisted of chairperson and administrators of Surakarta Gaya Mahardhika Foundation, gays becoming the victim of violence, community fellow members, and administrators of Mitra Alam Surakarta NGO. Data was collected through observation, in-depth interview, and documentation. To validate data, source triangulation was used. Technique of analyzing data used was Miles and Huberman’s interactive model of analysis with Ulrich Beck’s Risk Society theory. </p><p>The result of research showed that violence risk encountered by gay in Surakarta included physical violence such as being thrown with sharp weapon, being struck and slapped; physical/emotional violence such as cynical and disliking view, expulsion, threat and negative stigma intended to gay organization; sexual violence such as sexual abuse conducted by police officer by touching the victim’s body organ; economic violence such as money and product expropriation by sexual partner; and verbal violence such as being insulted and mocked by some people on the street. The effect of violence consisted of physical effect such as bruise, gash, and pain still felt until today, and physical effect such as fear, trauma, discomfort and fidget, disappointment, resentfulness, anger, pique, and regret. The reflectivity of gay in dealing with violence included interacting or looking for acquaintance or partner more alertly and selectively; adapting, comporting; building intimacy an self-image by conducting positive activities within society; conducting homosexual activity more carefully such as fulfilling their sexual need in their known place rather than doing it in opened space that has been known by mass organization; and providing advocacy to the gay becoming the victim of violence. </p>

RISIKO DAN REFLEKSIVITAS GAY TERHADAP KEKERASAN (Studi Kasus pada Komunitas Gay di Surakarta)

<p>Gay is a minority group the existence of which is still unacceptable to the society. It puts the gay into a group vulnerable to violence risk. The objective of research is to study the risk and the reflexivity of violence in gay community in Surakarta. This qualitative with case study approach took place in Surakarta. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling one. The informant of research consisted of chairperson and administrators of Surakarta Gaya Mahardhika Foundation, gays becoming the victim of violence, community fellow members, and administrators of Mitra Alam Surakarta NGO. Data was collected through observation, in-depth interview, and documentation. To validate data, source triangulation was used. Technique of analyzing data used was Miles and Huberman’s interactive model of analysis with Ulrich Beck’s Risk Society theory. </p>The result of research showed that violence risk encountered by gay in Surakarta included physical violence such as being thrown with sharp weapon, being struck and slapped; physical/emotional violence such as cynical and disliking view, expulsion, threat and negative stigma intended to gay organization; sexual violence such as sexual abuse conducted by police officer by touching the victim’s body organ; economic violence such as money and product expropriation by sexual partner; and verbal violence such as being insulted and mocked by some people on the street. The effect of violence consisted of physical effect such as bruise, gash, and pain still felt until today, and physical effect such as fear, trauma, discomfort and fidget, disappointment, resentfulness, anger, pique, and regret. The reflectivity of gay in dealing with violence included interacting or looking for acquaintance or partner more alertly and selectively; adapting, comporting; building intimacy an self-image by conducting positive activities within society; conducting homosexual activity more carefully such as fulfilling their sexual need in their known place rather than doing it in opened space that has been known by mass organization; and providing advocacy to the gay becoming the victim of violence.

High prevalence of two or more suicide attempts associated with suicidal ideation and mental disease in Colombia 2016

IntroductionSuicidal ideation and attempts are strongly predictive of suicide deaths. Furthermore, suicide attempts exert a financial burden of millions of dollars on society. ObjectiveTo establish the factors associated with more than one suicide attempt in the Colombian population that was reported in 2016. MethodsA cross-sectional study of 18,763 reports entered in the database of the National Public Health Surveillance of the National Institute of Health of Colombia during 2016 was performed. Results11,738 (62.6%) of the total number of reports were female, the mean age was 25.0 (95% CI, 24.9–25.2) years, 46% of all cases were individuals between 10- and 20-years-old; 5734 (30.6%) reported 2 or more suicide attempts and the prevalence of a mental disorder and persistent suicidal ideation were 48.5% and 16.4%, respectively. The factor most strongly associated with more than one suicide attempt, after adjusting for logistic regression, was persistent suicide ideation with crude OR=5.5 (95% CI, 5.0–5.9), and ORa=4.0 (95% CI, 3.6–4.3). ConclusionsPatients with persistent suicidal ideation were 4 times more likely to have 2 or more suicide attempts. Other factors such as the use of a sharp weapon as a mechanism to perform the attempt and the history of bipolar affective disorder and/or depression were also associated with more than one suicide attempt.

Using text mining and sentiment analysis to analyse YouTube Italian videos concerning vaccination

BackgroundRecently, social networks have become a popular source of information on health topics. Particularly, in Italy, there is a lively discussion on the web regarding vaccines also because there is low vaccination coverage, vaccines hesitancy, and anti-vaccine movements. For these reasons, in 2017, Institutions have introduced a law to force children to make ten compulsory vaccines for school attendance and proposed a vaccination campaign. On social networks, this law has fostered a fierce discussion between pro-vaccinations and anti-vaccinations people. This paper aims to understand if and how the population’s opinion has changed before the law and after the vaccination campaign using the titles of the videos uploaded on Youtube in these periods.MethodUsing co-occurrence network (CON) and sentiment analysis, we analysed the topics of YouTube Italian videos on vaccines in 2017 and 2018.ResultsThe CON confirms that vaccinations were very disapproved before the law. Instead, after the communication campaign, people start to be less critical. The sentiment analysis shows that the intense vaccination campaign also promoted by medical doctors pushed the sentiment to change polarity from a prevailing negative opinion in 2017 (52% negative) to a positive one in 2018 (54% positive).ConclusionAt the population level, the potential misinformation of social networks could be significant and is a real risk for health. Our study highlights that vaccination campaigns on social networks could be an essential instrument of health policies and a sharp weapon to fight ignorance and misrepresentations of non-qualified people influencing individuals’ decision-making.

MENGENAL POLA ASUH ORANG TUA DALAM PEMBENTUKAN AKHLAK ANAK

Parenting patterns in shaping children's morals is something that is very urgent to be known together. This is useful for anyone, especially for parents and educators. Getting to know parenting patterns in shaping children's morals is none other than the main goal is to provide an understanding for us all in an effort to shape children's morals, especially in times like today. Where children today have lost their true identity as humans. Why do the authors say that children now have lost their identity as human beings, this is the case of many young people today who have an immoral attitude or do not have morals, be it to parents, friends, neighbors and even teachers. We have seen this in various media, there are children who kill their own parents, there are children who kill their teachers and even dare to bring sharp weapons to school against their teachers to fight. For this reason, this article is important to read so that we can recognize good parenting in educating children.

Back Pain Among Physiotherapists and Nurses In Slovenia

An analysis of 5,241 medicolegal cases (which include 744 deaths) seen in the Kandy area (Sri Lanka) by one of the authors between August 1983 and July 1989 and concerning offences against the person is presented. The incidence; times of occurrence; profile of victims (age, sex); individual versus group violence, and relationship between victim and offender revealed a pattern of violence which is as follows: a decrease in accidental deaths, a marked increase in homicides in the latter period of 1988 and through 1989 with a corresponding decrease in suicides. Grievous hurt showed a considerable increased incidence compared to non-grievous hurt with an increased trend towards voluntarily caused grievous hurt and that caused in traffic accidents. As instruments of violence, the use of blunt weapons predominated while the use of sharp weapons remained roughly unchanged throughout. There was a significant use of firearms in violence in the concluding year of the study. The pattern supports the hypothesis of a village (rural) basis for the violence.

An investigative strategy for assessment of injuries in forensic anthropology

In a forensic context, identification of skeletal injuries' and traumas' timing may be of fundamental relevance to understand the events related to the life and death of an individual. In this study, we propose a new evaluation form to facilitate the detection of traumas and interpret them as ante-, peri- or post-mortem injuries. We describe the use of this form with the analysis of two skeletonized individuals. Bone injuries on their skeletons were caused by diverse sharp weapons and differed for the timing they have occurred, as revealed by macroscopic, radiographic and microscopic assays. Thanks to its completeness and user-friendly approach, the evaluation form here proposed may greatly facilitate the analysis and interpretation of injuries found on skeletons under forensic investigation.

Identifikasi Faktor Penyebab terjadinya Kenakalan Remaja menggunakan Metode Multi Factor Evaluation Process (MFEP)

Juvenile delinquency is a very actual problem in almost every country including Indonesia. Outbreaks of cases of juvenile law violations such as robbery, robbery, fighting, theft, possession of sharp weapons and misuse of narcotics as well as various other legal violations. With so many cases of violations of the law it is illustrated that in the era of complete human development, it is expected that adolescents have the rights and obligations and responsibilities to develop the nation and state but many do unlawful acts. The Multifactor Evaluation Process (MFEP) method is a quantitative method that uses "weighting" where in multi-factor decision making, the decision maker is subjectively subjective and intuitively required to weigh various factors that have a dominant competing influence on the alternatives of their choices. Decisions that affect strategic policy, it is recommended to use quantitative approaches such as MFEP, to make an appropriate weighting must be given consideration. The same stage must also be carried out on the alternative to be chosen, which is then evaluated in relation to all factors taken into consideration and determining which alternative with the highest or maximum value is the best solution based on existing criteria.

The Power of Electronic Video Recording Proof in Crime Possession of Sharp Weapons

The study of “The Power of Electronic Video Recording Proof in Crime Possession of Sharp Weapons” focused on the power of electronic video recording proof. The aims of this study are to know the process of cases examination in Ternate District Court associated with the crime possession of sharp weapons namely video recording proof presented as evidence, and how the validity of video evidence as evidence and has the power of proof in the trial. This type of research is normative-empirical and uses secondary data as the main reference in analyzing data, the authors use qualitative descriptive analysis techniques that are based on applicable regulations and then adjusted to the reality that occurred in the field. Furthermore, in conclusion is done with deductive method that is analysis conducted with general knowledge to conclude things specifics. The results of the study showed that the proof of recording used as evidence in the crime possession of sharp weapons clearly not in accordance with criminal law procedure code (KUHAP), in the proving of crime possession of sharp weapons refer to Article 184 of KUHAP regarding legal evidence so that the evidence of the video recording is in principle merely as exhibit and cannot be used as evidence on the offense. Concerning the evidence presented in the hearing is the legally obtained evidence that is in accordance with applicable laws and regulations so that the proof has the evidentiary power to determine the defendant’s faults. In the case number: 286/Pid/2016/ Pn.Tte, and 279/Pid/2016/Pn.Tte, the recorded evidence presented is evidence obtained from the public then copied by the investigator and copied on the CD-R, so the opinion of the prosecutor as in his claim stating the guilt of the defendants has been proven legally and convincingly based on the evidence of the video recording is a mistake and undermines the basic principles of procedural law.

Morphological optimization of scorpion telson

Nature provides inspirations for solving many challenging scientific and technological problems. In this study, a computational methodology is developed for the morphological optimization of three-dimensional, multi-component biological organs. The structural optimization of scorpion telson, which consists of a curved stinger and a venom container, is considered as an example by using this method. Both experimental and numerical results indicate that, through a long history of natural selection, the load-bearing capacity of the venom apparatus of a scorpion has been optimized together with its flexible segmented tail, important biological functions (e.g., venom storage and transportation), and superb sting strategy. The optimal range of the sting direction of a scorpion is theoretically determined and verified by finite element analysis. The curved scorpion stinger makes the venom container a robust design that is insensitive to the loading direction. The biomechanical mechanisms underlying the robust design are deciphered by comparing the venom apparatuses of scorpions and honey bees. This work deepens our understanding of the structure–property–function interrelations of the venomous sharp weapons of both scorpions and honey bees, and the presented methodology can also be extended to design engineering structures with optimal morphologies (e.g., curved hypodermic needles and segmented robotic arms) and explore other biological tissues and organs.

Differential diagnosis of the cranial perforations on the Early Iron Age along the Ancient Silk Road in Xinjiang, China

Bioarcheologists and pathologists favor trauma on the skeletons since it could reflect the human activities and interpersonal relationship in the past. In this paper, we present the pattern of two cranial perforations found on an adult male buried in the Xiaoshankou Cemetery, which was part of the Silk Road region, dating back to the early Iron Age. The specimen of interest presents two perforations on his skull, with one perforation located on the anterior part of the left parietal bone, while the other is on the occipital bone near to the lambda. The morphology of the perforations indicates perimortem traumatic lesions, probably produced by a sharp force weapon, possibly arrowhead, through one shot. The interpretation of the penetrating lesions on this cranium offers new perspectives when diagnosing perforations on the skulls in the Xinjiang region. Meanwhile, this study adds literature to the patterns of violence in Xinjiang region as well.

Successful Microneurovascular Penile Replantation Using Loupe Magnification Following Self Amputation in A Young Patient

Amputation of the penis is a rare condition reported from various parts of the world. They reported as isolated cases or small series of patients in scientific research. The common etiology is self amputation by sharp weapon or an avulsion or crush injury in an industrial accident or following violence. Complete reconstruction of anatomical structures should be done in one stage which provides the best chance for full rehabilitation of the patient. We report here a single case of sub-total amputation of the penis at it's proximal third in a schizophrenic patient. The penis was successfully replanted using a microsurgical technique. After surgery, near-normal appearance and function including a good urine flow and absence of urethral stricture, capabilities of erection and near normal sensitivity were observed.
 Journal of Surgical Sciences (2013) Vol. 17 (1) : 54-57

Differentiating trauma from taphonomic alterations

Differentiating traumatic injuries in bone from taphonomic damage in the postmortem period is a complex process requiring a systematic approach. Trauma by definition occurs while the individual is still living, but bone characteristics usually do not allow delineation of the moment of death. Thus, the anthropologist seeks characteristics that will associate a skeletal defect with the perimortem period, at or about the time of death. However, the anthropological designation of perimortem time period does not have precise boundaries. It refers to remains that lack any sign of remodeling or healing on the one hand, and which have not lost biomechanical elasticity and plasticity on the other hand, i.e., it refers to the condition of skeletal remains when they sustained the suspected injury. Fracture patterns that reflect biomechanical plasticity are lost gradually as the time since death increases, and this pace will depend on the environmental context. There are additional clues to identify postmortem status, including when the damaged feature fits a taphonomic pattern of scavenger modification or weathering, or physically overlies obvious postmortem modifications, or when the feature fits a known pattern of sharp force instruments or weapons. Damage due to recovery or the examination process must be ruled out. The timing of occurrence of a suspected perimortem injury can therefore extend for days or weeks into the time before the actual death, and it can extend for days to months after death. The anthropologist responds to the challenge of differentiating trauma and taphonomic modification by knowing the characteristics of healing bone, the features of biomechanical plasticity reflected in fracture morphology, the taphonomic patterns of scavenging and weathering, the environmental context of discovery and recovery, and the characteristics of the relevant regional taphonomy.

The trend in mortality due to suicide in urban and rural areas of Colombia, 1979-2014

Introduction: Suicide is a serious social and public health problem that affects the population in most countries in the world. Differences in suicide rates in rural and urban areas have been previously described. Objective: To study the trend of mortality rates by suicide in Colombia, in rural and urban areas by gender, age group, and suicide method during the years 1979-2014. Materials and methods: We conducted a temporal trend ecologic study using death certificates from the Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística, DANE. Specific and adjusted by age and gender mortality rates were calculated. We estimated negative binomial and inflection point regression models to study the trends in mortality rates stratified by gender, age group, and suicide method. Results: A total of 56,448 suicides was reported in Colombia between 1979 and 2014. The risk of suicide was higher in urban areas for men, individuals between 25 and 44 years, and 65 and over; and for those who used hanging as the suicide method. Also, the risk of suicide was higher in the rural area for men between 45 and 64 years old, and those who used firearms, sharp weapons, hanging, and others as suicide methods. The trend of suicide rates in urban areas showed its maximum peak in 1999 and in the rural ones in 2000. Then, in the two areas, there was a gradual decrease. Hanging in both areas presented a tendency to rise in men. Conclusions: Suicide has shown a tendency toward reduction after the year 2000, with differences between urban and rural areas.