Sharp Turn Research Articles

Causes and lessons of accelerating global inflation

The world economy has recently experienced a strong inflationary shock, which the leading research institutions and central banks were unable to predict. In advanced economies inflation rates spiked up to levels had not been seen for decades. Inflation also hit emerging economies albeit the shocks of such magnitude are more common for the countries of this group. What was the reason of the inflationary wave of 2021-2002 and why was it unexpected? In the paper we propose that the main driver of inflation was the rapid recovery of aggregate demand while aggregate supply lagged behind since it was negatively affected by quarantine restrictions and supply chain disruptions. A sharp increase in the prices of food and energy contributed to inflation significantly. Unprecedented fiscal stimulus supported by liquidity injections from central banks was also an important factor in boosting demand and accelerating inflation. Sharp turn towards ultra­loose monetary and fiscal policy can be largely attributed to the experience of the previous decade which showed that inflation in advanced economies remained below the target level, despite constant stimulus. We discuss arguments considered by central banks when they kept monetary policy soft even after inflation significantly exceeded the target levels. Finally, we briefly discuss scenarios of possible future inflation, including a stagflation scenario, and analyze their underlying factors.

PENGEMBANGAN FASILITAS PARKIR PANTAI BARON – PANTAI POK TUNGGAL BERBASIS PREFERENSI WISATAWAN

Baron – Pok Tunggal Beach area is the most popular tourist destination in Gunungkidul, and the number of visitors who come to this beach also continues to increase yearly. This tourist area has been supported with parking facilities on every beach so that tourists can bring their vehicles to the beach area. However, the conditions of existing parking facilities can potentially cause air and noise pollution. Also, an accident between tourists and vehicles potentially happen. Access to this beach area is also quite difficult because of many steep uphill and downhill roads, sharp turns, and narrow roads with ravines and cliffs. According to that condition, traffic accidents potentially happen if the drivers and the vehicles are not in good condition. To resolve the problems is by developing the parking facilities into centralized parking facilities outside the beach area. The purpose of this study is to determine parking facility development according to the preferences of its user (tourists). 348 respondents represented the tourists' preferences by distributing a stated preference questionnaire. The analytical method used is crosstabs, helped by SPSS 16.0 app. The result of this study is that most respondents, or equivalent to 47% of respondents, chose the park-and-ride parking facility development.

Systematic detection of tertiary structural modules in large RNAs and RNP interfaces by Tb-seq

Compact RNA structural motifs control many aspects of gene expression, but we lack methods for finding these structures in the vast expanse of multi-kilobase RNAs. To adopt specific 3-D shapes, many RNA modules must compress their RNA backbones together, bringing negatively charged phosphates into close proximity. This is often accomplished by recruiting multivalent cations (usually Mg2+), which stabilize these sites and neutralize regions of local negative charge. Coordinated lanthanide ions, such as terbium (III) (Tb3+), can also be recruited to these sites, where they induce efficient RNA cleavage, thereby revealing compact RNA 3-D modules. Until now, Tb3+ cleavage sites were monitored via low-throughput biochemical methods only applicable to small RNAs. Here we present Tb-seq, a high-throughput sequencing method for detecting compact tertiary structures in large RNAs. Tb-seq detects sharp backbone turns found in RNA tertiary structures and RNP interfaces, providing a way to scan transcriptomes for stable structural modules and potential riboregulatory motifs.

The Death of Vernacular Cosmopolitanism

ABSTRACT The paper offers a mutliscalar appreciation of vernacular cosmopolitanism as changing across space, time, and networks of relations. Drawing on observations from the UK and Greece, I argue for an expanded understanding of vernacular cosmopolitanism to incorporate everyday appreciations of multiculturalism, tolerance, and social liberalism that are produced within specific socio-historical contexts. Proposing a theory of ‘timespace’ where epochs are structured by networks of potential relations, affects, bureaucracies, and prevailing ideologies that guide individual and collective actions, I argue that vernacular cosmopolitanism is no longer a prominent worldview in Western democracies. Freedoms to fully realise cosmopolitan ideals are intimately entwined with the structures and affects of a timespace, which gives momentum to, provides guidance, and inherently opens and closes doors to the types of life that can be pursued. In the UK and Greece, current affective structures present people with vastly different projects, recommended paths, and futures to aspire to. With the sharp turn to the right in the post-truth age, vernacular cosmopolitanism has receded at the grassroots level. I thus propose that vernacular cosmopolitanism is under attack as epochal change offers alternate prevailing worldviews.

Stationarity and separation of the Sevastopol eddies in the Black Sea: The role of eddy-topographic interaction and submesoscale dynamics

One of the eddy “hotspots” in the Black Sea is the area of stationary Sevastopol anticyclone. Here this eddy can reside for >3–6 months significantly affecting the cross-shelf exchange and nutrient fluxes in the Black Sea. Detaching from its stationary location, the eddy moves westward, where it finally dissipates. In this article, we use altimetry measurements and a high-resolution (1 km) Nemo numerical model to investigate in detail the physical processes responsible for the observed evolution of the Sevastopol eddies. The main reason for the stationarity of such eddies is the sharp turn of the continental slope, which plays the role of the meridional wall blocking the vortex propagation in the cyclonic direction. Such a wall is situated at depths of 200–500 m and acts only on sufficiently intense eddies with large vertical extensions, while weak eddies with a small thickness do not feel it. The eddy trajectory near the obstacle represents a cyclonic spiral, which displaces to the southeast before the eddy separation. The process of vortex separation from the wall can prolong for several months and can be divided into 4 stages: 1) Movement to the north after the collision with the meridional wall due to the action of the reactive forces; 2) The formation of an attached submesoscale cyclonic lens-like eddy (SCE) at 200–400 m caused by the rise of horizontal shear due to the interaction of currents with the local uplift of the bathymetry near the continental slope; 3) The movement of the formed vortex dipole to the southwest due to self-propelling force; 4) Displacement of the dipole to the south beyond the meridional wall and further movement of the Sevastopol eddy to the west.During the separation process, Sevastopol AE loses a large amount of energy due to leakage of the mass during its interaction with the wall and transfer of a large part of its energy to the attached SCE. This process explains the observed decrease in the intensity of the Black Sea eddies to the west of the places of their stationarity.

The effect of street design on speed of vehicles along urban residential streets in Johor

Street design plays an important role in controlling vehicular speed. This has a direct impact on enhancing the safety of road users and the quality of the environment for residents living adjacent to the streets. The increasing of road accidents every day is worrisome. The safety of other road users is adversely affected when drivers travel at high speeds. Speeding is also the cause of noise and air pollution, which may negatively impact community livability. The speed of the vehicle is influenced by the physical condition of the road such as uneven roads, sharp turns and narrow lanes. Thus, by tweaking the design of streets, it is possible to achieve speed reduction. The objective of this study is to investigate the influence of road geometry and parking on speed of a moving vehicles in urban residential areas. This study was conducted on local streets and collectors in Johor. The data obtained were vehicle speed, road characteristics (road length, road width, road gradient) and number of parked vehicles. Then, the data were analysed using One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to find the relationship between street design and vehicle speed. The result from the analysis shows that road characteristics such as traffic calming and road gradient can significantly influence vehicle speed.

GIS-Data-Driven Efficient and Safe Path Planning for Autonomous Ships in Maritime Transportation

Maritime transportation is vital to the global economy. With the increased operating and labor costs of maritime transportation, autonomous shipping has attracted much attention in both industry and academia. Autonomous shipping can not only reduce the marine accidents caused by human factors but also save labor costs. Path planning is one of the key technologies to enable the autonomy of ships. However, mainstream ship path planning focuses on searching for the shortest path and controlling the vehicle in order to track it. Such path planning methods may lead to a dynamically infeasible trajectory that fails to avoid obstacles or reduces fuel efficiency. This paper presents a data-driven, efficient, and safe path planning (ESP) method that considers ship dynamics to provide a real-time optimal trajectory generation. The optimization objectives include fuel consumption and trajectory smoothness. Furthermore, ESP is capable of fast replanning when encountering obstacles. ESP consists of three components: (1) A path search method that finds an optimal search path with the minimum number of sharp turns from the geographic data collected by the geographic information system (GIS); (2) a minimum-snap trajectory optimization formulation with dynamic ship constraints to provide a smooth and collision-free trajectory with minimal fuel consumption; (3) a local trajectory replanner based on B-spline to avoid unexpected obstacles in real time. We evaluate the performance of ESP by data-driven simulations. The geographical data have been collected and updated from GIS. The results show that ESP can plan a global trajectory with safety, minimal turning points, and minimal fuel consumption based on the maritime information provided by nautical charts. With the long-range perception of onboard radars, the ship can avoid unexpected obstacles in real time on the planned global course.

The impact of 10 July 1940 constitutional coup in France on the Soviet-French relations

The article is devoted to the changes in Soviet-French relations after the constitutional coup in France on July 10, 1940. This coup, which took place under the influence of the defeat of the French Republic in the war with Nazi Germany, led to the formation in non-occupied France of an authoritarian puppet state with its capital in Vichy and a sharp turn in her foreign policy. At the same time, the withdrawal of the French state from the anti-Hitler alliance and the declaration of neutrality in World War II created the conditions for a certain improvement in the country's relations with the Soviet Union, which at the initial stage of the war also adhered to a neutral position. Based on published and archival materials, the article examines the dynamics of relations between Vichy and Moscow after July 1940, analyzes the factors influencing it, shows the evolution of the foreign policy of the French state, characterizes the perception of the Vichy regime and its international policy by the Soviet side. Describing the spheres and specific features of the Soviet-French interaction, the author shows the limited opportunities for its development in the international context of 1940-1941. Ultimately, relations between the Vichy regime, whose pro-German orientation was becoming increasingly pronounced, and Moscow were severed after the attack of Nazi Germany on the USSR in June 1941.

How’s it going with the CPTPP?

There is no doubt that the United States is losing out on market access. But one of the original goals of the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) was for a rules-based trading regime in the Pacific, namely rules not written by China. Thanks to Australia and Japan that seems to be happening even with the U.S. no longer at the helm. The Comprehensive and Progressive Trans-Pacific Partnership or the awkwardly nicknamed CPTPP is a Pacific trading bloc that consists of 11 countries, spanning the Pacific Rim, and includes Malaysia and Chile. The member countries represent 13% of world GDP. Once the UK officially joins, that figure jumps to 15% and the trade bloc will reach across the Atlantic. The United States was key in drafting the text of the agreement, starting with the George W. Bush administration, which was clear in its commitment to openness. As China shifted back to a more state-controlled economy, the Obama administration underscored a key U.S. goal: for the United States and not China to write the trade rules for Asia. Key goals included modernizing countries’ rules on ecommerce and digital trade and establishing rules on state-owned enterprises. The Obama administration carried the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) through right up to the finish line. President Trump took a sharp turn and withdrew the United States from the agreement, claiming the agreement would not be good for the United States. Even though there are signs that the American public is open to more trade, the Biden administration and Congress have not pursued Trade Promotion Authority or any new trade deals that would lock in more market access abroad. The United States is no doubt missing out on market access in parts of the Pacific, especially agriculture. But thanks to quiet leadership by Australia and Japan a rules-based trading bloc in the Pacific not led by China is forming.

METHODOLOGICAL FEATURES OF TEACHING HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS TO PRACTICE ATHLETICS

Among the mandatory means of physical education for upperclassmen, their exercises in athletics play a special role in aloofness. These are short-distance running Ham, agility-strength training as well (jumps to the pbalandlik and length, throwing grenades and from the place, standing with a side toomn and throwing a core). Improving the running technique will continue. Students master the technique of sharp turns, relay runs, continue to improve the passage of horizontal and vertical obstacles. This article covers the methodology of teaching upperclassmen how to properly apply elements of athletics.

Development of Intelligent Safety System for Two-Wheeler Rider

Two-wheelers are the most economical way of transport. Owing to this, there has been an increase in the number of two-wheelers especially on Indian roads which has led to an increase in the number of accidents. One of the reason is riding triple seat as well as taking sharp turns. Keeping in mind the above problems, an integrated system is designed which will ensure the safety of riders. The integrated design consists of automatic triple seat detection and continuous tracking of the tilt of the two-wheeler with respect to the road. The components are integrated in such a way that the engine of the two-wheeler will start only if the seat occupation is in a limited range. The tilt sensing device will sense the inclination of the vehicle with respect to ground and as soon as the level goes below the threshold value of the angle of inclination, a warning beep will ring, intimating the rider that the vehicle may slip.

Sharp turns in axion monodromy: primordial black holes and gravitational waves

Large turns in multifield inflation can lead to a very rich phenomenology, but are difficult to realise in supergravity, and typically require large field space curvatures. In this work, we present a mechanism to realise multiple sharp turns, and therefore strong non-geodesic trajectories, from transient violations of slow-roll without the requirement of large field space curvatures in supergravity inflation. Such turning rates can strongly source the adiabatic fluctuations, resulting in an enhanced scalar power spectrum with resonant features and a large peak amplitude. If the growth of the scalar power spectrum at small scales is large enough, primordial black holes can be produced in abundance. These large scalar fluctuations induce a characteristic large spectrum of gravitational waves for a wide range of frequencies, which inherits the resonant features. We illustrate this mechanism in a supergravity model of axion monodromy, which provides the first concrete model to realise such resonant features.The model can sustain inflation for around 60 e-folds, leading to considerable production of very light primordial black holes, and large gravitational wave spectra, which could be detectable by multiple upcoming gravitational wave surveys. For the set of parameter we consider, large oscillations occur at all scales. This represents a challenge for the model at large scales and motivates further investigation to reconcile this class of models with Planck data.

Numerical Investigation of Pressure Loss in a Rectangular Channel with a Sharp 180-Degree Turn: Influence of Design Variables and Geometric Shapes

Gas turbine blade cooling typically uses a cooling air passage with a sharp 180° turn in the midchord area of the airfoil. Its geometric shape and dimensions are strictly constrained within the airfoil to ensure both aerodynamic and cooling performance. These characteristics imply the importance of understanding the relationships between the geometric dimensions and the cooling channel performance. In this study, we validated a numerical method using the commercial software, Ansys Fluent 2021 R2, by predicting a total pressure loss coefficient with less than 6% deviation from the experimental results of Metzger et al. for four different Reynolds numbers. Through parameter studies, the divider tip-to-wall clearance was found to be the most significant parameter influencing the pressure loss. Parameter correlations and predictive models between the design variables and the pressure loss were derived by regression analysis using the R language; the regression model predicted the pressure loss to within 2.29% of the numerical method. As the geometries changed, the response surface and the adjoint solver improved the pressure loss by approximately 20.87% and 25.96%, respectively, at the representative Reynolds number of 24,230; this showed that the adjoint solver was a relatively simple and effective method with minimal geometric changes.

A review of health and mental well-being indicators and its assessment in Sub-Saharan Africa

Health and mental well-being are shaped by multiple factors which should be considered for a wholistic assessment. This need is strengthened considering that health is not just the absence of illness but a complete state of well-being. This fact leads to a sharp turn to psychological measures for understanding and ascertaining the construct which has been explored extensively in developed countries. Understanding the construct through the sub-Saharan African lense becomes necessary for accuracy in the assessment to improve the population’s health mental-well-being and to reduce the risk of those impending effects in case of the reverse. With the need for comprehension across multiple factors, scientific consensus is considered necessary for reflexivity and applicability, deployable at medium-scale level. Adapting the POWER framework while leveraging the Web of Science data base complemented with random Google-led searches, this paper reviewed related literature on mental health and well-being revealing that the construct is fast gaining attention in sub-Saharan African space with heavy reliance on western-developed/validated assessment instruments majorly deployed as paper-pencil. The adaptive forms which are largely non-existent becomes a direction for research considering the need for accuracy in mental well-being and a framework for action to ensure transdisciplinary science of sustainability which is fast-gaining relevance for tackling complex problems in a bid to promote health and mental well-being in a targeted population.

Direct CFD simulations of standard maneuvering tests for DARPA Suboff

Maneuvering abilities of underwater vehicles are one of the primary concerns for navies and in the civil field they provide great flexibility in working in confined environments. Numerical simulations of the motions of these vessels may be conducted via system-based or direct CFD approaches. In this study, we focus on direct CFD simulations of the benchmark DARPA Suboff AFF8 Configuration. The paper starts by showing the submarine's lack of course-keeping stability using the C-index. After validation of the numerical approach by self-propulsion tests (and the determination of the propeller rotation rate to achieve the required velocity), the results of an extensive set of standard maneuvering tests are presented. Turning circle, pullout and zig-zag tests confirm that the DARPA Suboff does not have course-keeping ability. The submarine leans to the starboard side at neutral rudder angle. The maneuvering indices are investigated with respect to changing rudder angle with turning circle tests. High residual yaw rates are found in both side turnings in the pullout tests and the zig-zag tests show the submarine's inadequacy in making sharp turns. Numerical simulations reveal that the DARPA Suboff has high turning ability but no course-keeping ability.

NATIONAL AND UNIVERSAL VALUES IN MODERN KAZAKH POETRY

The article deals with the issue of national and universal values in modern Kazakh poetry, focusing on the development of modern Kazakh poetry in the last decades of the twentieth century. Kazakh poetry of modern times is characterized by a desire for the life of the nation, a deep study of the national character. At the end of the twentieth century and the beginning of the twenty-first century, the Kazakh world did not see changes and sharp turns. During this time, the national consciousness has also changed insanely. This can serve as a good proof of the artistic creativity of Kazakh poets. Over the past thirty years, the radical changes taking place in the Kazakh society will bring our social and spiritual life to new horizons. The Kazakh poetry, freed from the political restrictions of the Soviet time, due to the destruction of socialist realism, was first perceived. This caused the opinion that the Kazakh literature in society has undergone stagnation. However, the results of the study show that art is rapidly gaining strength and actively begins a fruitful search. One of the important issues of literary science is to convey our spiritual treasures, which preserve and develop the national culture and heritage, absorb humanistic ideas coming from ancestors in tune with the moral interests of the people. Today, national values in Kazakh poetry are one of the most pressing issues.

Drink safely: common swifts (Apus apus) dissipate mechanical energy to decrease flight speed before touch-and-go drinking.

Flight is an efficient way of transport over a unit of distance, but it can be very costly over each unit of time, and reducing flight energy expenditure is a major selective pressure in birds. The common swift (Apus apus) is one of the most aerial bird species, performing most behaviours in flight: foraging, sleeping and also drinking by regularly descending to various waterbodies and skimming over the surface. An energy-saving way to perform such touch-and-go drinking would be to strive to conserve mechanical energy, by transforming potential energy to kinetic energy during the gliding descent, touching water at high speed, and regaining height with minimal muscular work. Using 3D optical tracking, we recorded 163 swift drinking trajectories, over three waterbodies near Rennes, France. Contrary to the energy conservation hypothesis, we show that swifts approaching a waterbody with a higher mechanical energy (higher height and/or speed 5 s before contact) do not reach the water at higher speeds, but do brake, i.e. dissipate mechanical energy to lose both height and speed. Braking seems to be linked with sharp turns and the use of headwind to some extent, but finer turns and postural adjustments, beyond the resolving power of our tracking data, could also be involved. We hypothesize that this surprisingly costly behaviour results from a trade-off between energy expenditure and safety, because approaching a water surface requires fine motor control, and high speed increases the risk of falling into the water, which would have serious energetic and survival costs for a swift.

VEHICLE ACCIDENT AVOIDANCE WITH ROAD ADVERSE CONDITIONS MONITORING SYSTEMS

Accidents are the leading cause of death in emerging nations. Despite the fact that "speed kills," individuals still don't care enough to drive safely on ghat roads. The most pressing issues now are ghat road accidents and the deaths that result from them. There will be sharp turns and narrow roadways on mountain highways. Under these kinds of circumstances, a driver of a vehicle cannot see vehicles and animals travelling on the highways from the other side. This issue results in the deaths of thousands of people and animals every year. The answer to this issue is to warn the driver in the GHATs section of any approaching vehicles or animals. In order to achieve this, "INFRARED SENSORS and LED LIGHTS" are kept on either side of the road before the curve. This way, if a vehicle approaches from one end of the curve, the sensor detects it and the LED light shines on the opposite side. Drivers can be vigilant and reduce vehicle speed by observing the LED light on/off criteria. Keywords- Alerting system, Infrared sensor, LED, Buzzer.

Real-time layer height estimation during multi-layer directed energy deposition using domain adaptive neural networks

Metal additive manufacturing (AM), such as laser direct energy deposition (DED), is gaining popularity because of its capability in manufacturing near-net-shaped complex components for various industrial applications. However, the geometry control during the DED process, especially at corners with sharp turns, remains a daunting task. To achieve geometry control, geometry estimation to identify the relationship between the process parameters and geometry attributes is vital. In this study, a real-time layer height estimation technique is developed for DED using a laser line scanner, vision camera, and domain adaptive neural networks (DaNN). An emphasis is placed on layer height estimation at sharp corners during multi-layer deposition. First, multi-layer straight-line deposition data is collected using laser line scanner and an initial layer height estimation model is constructed. Then, to efficiently achieve layer height estimation during corner deposition, an DaNN model is established using the multi-layer straight-line deposition data and the constructed initial model. The actual traverse speed at the corners is measured using a vision camera and fed into the DaNN model as one of input features. Finally, the DaNN model is updated online to further improve estimation accuracy during corner deposition. The proposed technique has been validated by DED experiments and the results show that the layer height can be estimated in 0.018 s with an average accuracy of 25.7 µm when multiple layers with an average height of 250 µm are deposited at corners with different angles.

Critical Review on Avarana with Contemporary Understanding

Vata has given utmost importance in Ayurveda. Starting from molding the shape of Garbha, Vata controls various bodily activities, including the Manas. Like other two Dosha, the normalcy of Vata maintains health, or diseases otherwise. Vata is the one with the ability to move and also do propulsion of other Dosha, Dhathu and Mala. Avarana is one among the unique concept attributed to the pathologies involving Vata Dosha. The Gatyatmakata of Vata being afflicted in the Avarana and hence resulting in the diseases. The minute fluctuations in the Gati or the movement of Vata can alter the normal health. Knowledge of Avarana is also useful in the treatment of Vatavyadhi. The Anutva and Amurtatva of Vata making this composite process more complicated to understand and even diagnose. In general, there occurs an interruption to the normal movement or flow of Vata dosha that can be compared to various pathologies as disequilibrium of Starling force, turbulent flow or even sludged blood. E H Starling, proposed that the four primary forces that determine whether fluid will move out of the blood into the interstitial fluid or in the opposite direction. Any changes in these forces end up in disequilibrium in capillary exchange. The normal laminar flow of blood becomes turbulent, when the rate of blood of is high, when it passes any obstruction (eg: atherosclerotic plaque), when it makes a sharp turn or when it passes through a rough surface. In case of sludged blood, a block occurs in many of the very small blood vessels leading to the ischemic changes in the tissues. In all these conditions, there affects the movement or flow and hence result in pathologies. Hence it can be compared to that of Avarana.