Sharp Tool Research Articles

Factors affecting nurses' attitudes towards risks in the work environment: A cross-sectional study.

This study aimed to examine the factors affecting nurses' attitudes towards risks in the work environment. Nurses' attitudes towards work environment-associated risks affect both risk management and employee health. This descriptive study was conducted with 338 nurses working in a public hospital, university hospital and private hospital. Data were collected using the Personal Information Form and the Nurses' Attitudes Towards Work Environment Risks Scale. Nurses were found to have a positive attitude towards risk in the work environment. Regression analysis showed that nurses' attitudes towards risk was affected by institution, gender, access to unit-specific risk management training, past experiences of sharp penetrating tool injuries, acceptance of risks due to the belief that risks are unavoidable, exposure to violence from colleagues, exposure to biological hazards and neglect to take risk precautions. This study's results show that nurses' attitudes towards risk in the work environment are affected by both individual and organizational factors. This study's results can help institutions and nurse managers understand the factors affecting nurses' attitudes towards work-related risks, thereby allowing them to determine the primary strategies that may be used to address these factors.

Clinical application of radiotherapy in patients with oligometastatic ovarian cancer: a sharp tool to prolong the interval of systemic treatment

BackgroundWith the advances of radiation technology, treatment of oligometastatic disease, with limited metastatic burden, have more chances to achieve long-term local control. Here we aim to evaluate the efficacy and safety of radiotherapy (RT) in oligometastatic ovarian cancer patients.MethodsA retrospective analysis collecting 142 patients (189 lesions) with oligometastatic ovarian cancer were included in the study. All pateints received radiotherapy and the curative effect and response rate were evaluated by diagnostic imaging after 1–3 months of radiotherapy with RECIST. Endpoints were the rate of complete response (CR), chemotherapy-free interval (CFI), local control (LC) rate and overall survival (OS) rate. Toxicity was evaluated by the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG). Logistic and Cox regression were used for the uni- and multivariate analysis of factors influencing survival outcomes.ResultsFrom 2013.1.1 to 2020.12.30, a total of 142 ovarian cancer patients (189 oligometastasis lesions) were included in the analysis. Prescribed doses to an average GTV of 3.10 cm were 1.8–8 Gy/fraction, median BED (28–115, a/b = 10 Gy), 5–28 fractions. For 179 evaluable lesions, the cases of CR, partial response (PR), stable disease (SD) and progressive disease (PD) after radiotherapy were 22,39,38 and 80 respectively. The disease control rate (DCR): CR + PR + SD was 55.31%, and the objective response rate (ORR): CR + PR was 34.08%. No patient developed grade 3 or higher side effect. The median CFI was 14 months (1–99 months), and the LC rate was 69.7%, 54.3% and 40.9% in 1 year, 2 years and 5 years respectively. GTV < 3 cm before treatment, platinum sensitivity, time from the last treatment ≥ 6 months, single lesion and BED(a/b = 10 Gy) ≥ 60 are the factors of good LC (p < 0.05). The total OS of 1 year, 2 years and 5 years were 67.1%, 52.6% and 30.3%, respectively. Single lesion (HR 0.598, 95%CI 0.405–0.884), DCR (HR 0.640, 95% CI 0.448–0.918) and ORR(HR 0.466, 95% CI 0.308–0.707) were the significant factors influencing 5-year OS.ConclusionFor patients with oligometastatic ovarian cancer, radiotherapy has high LC, long chemotherapy-free interval, and survival benefits. Subgroup analysis shows that patients with single lesion and good local treatment results have higher overall survival rate, suggesting that active treatment is also beneficial for oligometastatic ovarian cancer patients.

An In-Plane Bending Test to Characterize Edge Ductility in High-Strength Steels

A novel in-plane bending test was used to study edge ductility in DP800 as a common advanced high-strength steel in the car industry. The test utilized the digital image correlation technique to measure the local and average fracture strain values along the edge of the specimen. In contrast to the widely used hole expansion capacity test, the impact of punch friction, contact stress, and out-of-plane strain on edge ductility is eliminated by removing the punch. Also, the strain gradient inherent to the beam bending provides a controlled crack propagation path, making crack tracking easier than the sheared edge tensile test. The proposed bending test was utilized to investigate the influence of material orientation, cutting parameters, and global strain gradient on edge fracture strain. A correlation was observed between edge ductility, material orientation, and cutting tool sharpness, while the average fracture strain was independent of the strain gradient. The outcome shows that the in-plane bending test is reliable for determining edge ductility in any desired material orientation.

Molecular genetic variation of animals and plants under domestication

Domesticated plants and animals played crucial roles as models for evolutionary change by means of natural selection and for establishing the rules of inheritance, originally proposed by Charles Darwin and Gregor Mendel, respectively. Here, we review progress that has been made during the last 35 y in unraveling the molecular genetic variation underlying the stunning phenotypic diversity in crops and domesticated animals that inspired Mendel and Darwin. We notice that numerous domestication genes, crucial for the domestication process, have been identified in plants, whereas animal domestication appears to have a polygenic background with no obvious “domestication genes” involved. Although model organisms, such as Drosophila and Arabidopsis, have replaced domesticated species as models for basic research, the latter are still outstanding models for evolutionary research because phenotypic change in these species represents an evolutionary process over thousands of years. A consequence of this is that some alleles contributing to phenotypic diversity have evolved by accumulating multiple changes in the same gene. The continued molecular characterization of crops and farm animals with ever sharper tools is essential for future food security.

L’outillage en quartz spécialisé utilisé en percussion lancée en contexte discoïde à Pointe pseudo-Levallois : l’exemple de Champs de Bossuet

The quartz component of the Champs de Bossuet (CdB) industry has been the subject of technological and techno-functional analyses focused on the ergonomic characterization of percussive tools related to their morphologies, their dimensions and masses but especially on their Active Percussion Zone (APZ) (morphology, extent, location). After assessing the position held by the percussive tools in the quartz component, they will be described on the basis of a subdivision into two large families correlated to their function and mode of operation: sharp percussion tools and blunt percussion tools (Viallet et al. 2022). Among this last group, constituting the panoply of percutors (of sensu lato size), ergonomic specificities could be highlighted in a correlation with a specialization of the lithic flint production mode for which they were used: discoid debitage with pseudo-Levallois point and its ramifications (Bourguignon et al. 2000; Lenoble et al. 2000 ; Bourguignon &amp; Turq 2003). Each of the characteristics (weights, size and morphology) and their grouping by categories will be described and quantified and their function evaluated. Finally, we will propose, for classes of hammerstones with very specific size and ergonomic characteristics, a terminology derived from the current technical vocabulary describing the «striking tools» and in particular hammers for purposes of differentiation in the rich panoply of percussive tools and comparisons in other archaeological records.

Discussion on the modeling and decorative design principle of jade sword in Han Dynasty

Ancient China was the age of cold weapons, in which the sword was an important component. With the development of society, the sword has evolved from a simple and sharp tool to a function of decorating identity. The change of function also brings about the follow-up in form. At this time, the sword has derived the form of jade sword. Through the study of jade sword, it is found that as a practical and decorative tool, because it has both functions and aesthetic significance, its shape and materials are limited to a certain extent. With the fixation of its shape, the decorative patterns on it also show aesthetic laws. In addition to the modern characteristics, these patterns are more important to the aesthetic laws under their patterns: overall unity, decoration follows the physical characteristics, and decoration follows the function, Balanced change of decoration rhythm.

VACCINE DIPLOMACY DURING A PANDEMIC AS A SHARP POWER TOOL: A CASE STUDY OF THE ITALIAN MEDIA

The article examines the relationship between humanitarian diplomacy (on the example of the implementation of vaccine and health care diplomacy), “soft” power and sharp power. In the context of a pandemic, especially during the "first wave", the traditional forms of humanitarian diplomacy as an instrument of the "soft" power of the state have undergone changes. International “specialized” organizations in the field of health care were unable to provide the necessary assistance in full in a timely manner. These factors, as well as fear and panic on the part of the population, have led to conflicting interpretations and explanations by the media of the foreign policy activities of certain countries and international / regional organizations. The paper presents a case on Italian-Russian interaction during the "first wave" of the pandemic and its reflection in the Italian media. As a result of the analysis, it is concluded that in the crisis situation of the pandemic, a number of Italian media covered the fact of humanitarian assistance from the Russian Federation as a kind of "spy" mission, which is an element of the tactics of hybrid conflicts, as well as a sharp power tool. Therefore it can be concluded that, despite the fact that public health issues are apolitical and are designed to consolidate the world community, the information support of health diplomacy and vaccine diplomacy, unfortunately, does not have obvious objectivity and impartiality, but becomes a certain lever for managing public opinion, and, as a consequence, it implements sharp power.

La percussion lancée dans l’Aurignacien ancien du Bergeracois : quelques exemples issus des sites de Barbas III, Vieux Coutets, Les Garris et Cantalouette II (Dordogne, France)

In order to illustrate the launched percussion activities during the Early Aurignacian, we have selected four of the 15 sites appertaining to this technocomplex in the Bergerac region, in Southwestern France. The occupation of this territory, very rich in good quality flint nodules, some of which display imposing morphologies and dimensions, shows a certain functional complementarity between the different Aurignacian occupations, from the specialized occupation to the habitat site. In addition to technological particularities, such as the production of large blades (greater than 20 cm) or the coexistence of curved and straight lamellar production systems, this Early Aurignacian also illustrates some remarkable symbolic behavior expressed in body ornaments and artistic depictions. In these sites, the tools used in launched percussion, although always present, represent a marginal tool category, showing also a great diversity of functions. Three major classes of tools have been recognized: blunt impact tools, sharp impact tools, and linear blunt tools (an intermediate form between the other two). Each of these groups is oriented towards complementary uses within the range of activities made in these occupations. The blunt impact tools comprise a wide range of hammer-stones that take part in different phases of knapping activities, such as the opening of new blocks or the reconfiguration of cores, according to their physical and mechanical properties. Also, the traces left by these hammers are visible on other artifacts left on the sites, such as notches of carinated end-­scrapers. The sharp impact tools comprises a diversified range of cutting tools made on different blanks (preforms, cortical flakes, blades) obtained in laminar production. These tools present a particular morpho-functional structure of active or prehensive parts, natural or made, that improves an ergonomy essentially based on mass. This ergonomy, combined with the kinetics of launched percussion, gives these tools a great efficiency in chopping medium and hard organic materials. Finally, the linear blunt tools is represented by a single tool with blunt linear active zones, formed by open dihedrals with angles between 85 and 115°. The kind of activity made with this tool seems different, it bears traces of recurrent impacts similar to those present on tools used for grinding, pounding or crushing, suggesting also the presence of an anvil. These tools are very often associated with the transformation of plants. This panoply of diversified percussive tools complements the activities perceived on the other cutting and scrapping tools. This, again, illustrates the variety of activities made at this sites, basically the acquisition and transformation of organic perishable materials (of plant and animal origins), contributing to demonstrate that the Early Aurignacian occupations of the Bergeracois are much more complex thansimple flint workshops.

Implementing Symptom Management Follow-up Using an Electronic Patient-Reported Outcome Platform in Outpatients With Advanced Cancer: Longitudinal Single-Center Prospective Study.

BackgroundPatients with cancer experience multiple symptoms related to cancer, cancer treatment, and the procedures involved in cancer care; however, many patients with pain, depression, and fatigue, especially those outside the hospital, receive inadequate treatment for their symptoms. Using an electronic patient-reported outcome (ePRO) platform to conduct symptom management follow-up in outpatients with advanced cancer could be a novel and potentially effective approach. However, empirical evidence describing in detail the preparation and implementation courses in a real setting is needed.ObjectiveThe purpose of this paper was to describe the implementation process and evaluation of an ePRO platform that facilitates symptom management for patients with cancer, share our experiences and the problems we encountered during the process of implementation, and share the solutions we identified for those problems. Moreover, we tested the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of the ePRO platform.MethodsThis was a real-world, ongoing, longitudinal, single-center, prospective study with a total of 7 follow-ups conducted within 4 weeks after the first visit to the symptom management clinic (on days 1, 3, 7, 10, 14, 21, and 28). Participants were encouraged to complete scales for physical symptoms (pain, fatigue, and shortness of breath), cognitive symptoms (memory problems and impaired concentration), and affective symptoms (especially depression and anxiety) during follow-up. The design and function of the ePRO-doctor client and ePRO-patient client, the patient-reported outcome (PRO) scales used in the study, and the strategies to promote symptom tracking have been described. Moreover, the training and evaluation for research assistants have been presented. The efficacy of the ePRO platform was assessed with a comparison of the baseline and 4-week outcomes on the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory.ResultsUsing the ePRO platform for symptom management follow-ups in advanced cancer patients was associated with a high completion rate (72.7%-86.4%) and a low drop-off rate (23.6%). The ePRO platform sent 293 alert notifications to both patients and doctors, which promoted patient security. The short and sharp PRO tool selection, user-friendly interface, automatic reminder notifications and alerts, and multiple dimensional training were essential components for the preparation and implementation of the ePRO system. The results showed significant improvements in the mean scores of pain, fatigue, and numbness from baseline to day 28 (P=.02, P=.02, and P<.001, respectively).ConclusionsThe use of an ePRO platform for symptom management follow-ups in advanced cancer patients is time-saving, energy-saving, and effective. PRO tool selection, platform design, and training of research assistants are important aspects for implementation. Future research should validate the ePRO platform in a larger randomized controlled study.

Iatrogenic facial nerve injury in mastoidectomy: The impact of variables on the outcome

ObjectiveTo evaluate iatrogenic facial nerve injury in mastoidectomy and its paralysis improvement result after nerve injury management. MethodsA retrospective review of medical records of 21 patients with iatrogenic facial nerve injury following mastoidectomy who underwent nerve injury management in a tertiary referral center. ResultsThere were nine males and 12 females, with a mean age of 40.4 ± 15.1 years. Cholesteatoma was the most common primary pathology (76.2%). Mastoidectomy was canal wall up in 8 patients and canal wall down in 13. Nerve injury was due to drilling in 10 patients and sharp tools in 11. The tympanic segment of the facial nerve was the most common injured site (50.0%). Decompression was the most common nerve injury management method (52.4%). Other injury management methods were end-to-end anastomosis (14.3%), great auricular nerve graft (23.8%), and facial-hypoglossal nerve transfer (9.5%). No statistically significant correlation was found between facial nerve function 3–6 months after injury management and the following factors: age, gender, primary pathology, type of mastoidectomy, surgeon's experience, nerve injury site, mechanism of trauma, and nerve injury management method and timing. ConclusionRegardless of the surgeon's experience or technique applied, a meticulous approach may be more valuable in decreasing the chance of iatrogenic facial nerve injury.

High precision structural mapping using edge filters of potential field and remote sensing data: A case study from Wadi Umm Ghalqa area, South Eastern Desert, Egypt

Recently, detecting the edges and geologic structures (deep and shallow) from potential field sources provides a fundamental tool for interpreting geological structures. Therefore, the high precision computation of the edges of potential sources is becoming an essential requirement for studying subsurface structures. In this study, nine common detectors like tilte angle (TA), Theta-map (TM), Horizontal tilt angle (TDX), hyperbolic tilt angle (HTA), Improved tilt angle (ITA), Tilt angle of the total horizontal gradient (TTHG), Tilt angle of the total gradient (TTG), improved Theta-map (ITM), and improved logistic (IL) were applied. These filters have been tested on theoretical models and real data (aeromagnetic) from the Wadi Umm Ghalqa area, South Eastern Desert of Egypt. The obtained results have shown that the improved logistic (IL) filter could detect edges more successfully than the other eight filters. The results of the IL method were used to generate new accurate structural maps for local and deep components of the investigated area. Moreover, surface structures obtained from remote sensing data were considered to control the interpretation of the mapped subsurface lineaments. Hence, the IL method can be utilized as a sharp tool for the high precision structural imaging of the potential data.

Du macro-outillage tranchant utilisé en percussion lancée dans les premières phases de l’Acheuléen européen ? Le cas de l’US4 de Bois-de-Riquet (Lézignan-la-Cèbe, Hérault, France)

Level US4 of the Bois-de-Riquet archeological site represents a mudslide type deposit dating to the early Middle Pleistocene. It has yielded a rich lithic assemblage made from basalt, aplite and quartz, whose components represent all of the operating chains of production: cores, flakes, hammers, worked cobbles and blocks, as well as a biface. The latter, associated with the production of large flakes, testifies to the first phases of the European Acheulian. This article presents the analysis of part of the macro-tools made from basalt. The methodology is based on a techno-morpho-functional and traceological analysis of the artefacts, coupled with the creation of a specific experimental frame of reference. These approaches allow us to distinguish among five tool types. Three groups of tools present a transverse opposition between their cutting edges and gripping zones, while the other two groups present an oblique opposition. These functional structures refer to different gestures. However, the size and weight characteristics of the artefacts, as well as the angle of the cutting edges, allow us to propose a mode of action in direct launched percussion. This hypothesis was experimentally tested on wood and fresh bone to verify, on the one hand, the effectiveness of these tools for these activities and, on the other hand, to analyze the damage produced on the cutting edges and compare it to the archeological tools. The data obtained experimentally support the hypothesis that launched percussion was used in these five groups of sharp-edged macro-tools. We discuss the implications of these results for the characterization of the first phases of the European Acheulean. Indeed, beyond the presence of a biface, the production of massive flakes as tool supports may be perceived as a technological innovation in Europe, possibly characterizing an evolution of cognitive order. At the same time, the use of these sharp tools in launched percussion could indicate that hominins were exploiting their environments in new ways. Finally, this article brings new elements of reflection to the debate on the origins of the European Acheulean.

Experimental investigation of orangutans' lithic percussive and sharp stone tool behaviours.

Early stone tools, and in particular sharp stone tools, arguably represent one of the most important technological milestones in human evolution. The production and use of sharp stone tools significantly widened the ecological niche of our ancestors, allowing them to exploit novel food resources. However, despite their importance, it is still unclear how these early lithic technologies emerged and which behaviours served as stepping-stones for the development of systematic lithic production in our lineage. One approach to answer this question is to collect comparative data on the stone tool making and using abilities of our closest living relatives, the great apes, to reconstruct the potential stone-related behaviours of early hominins. To this end, we tested both the individual and the social learning abilities of five orangutans to make and use stone tools. Although the orangutans did not make sharp stone tools initially, three individuals spontaneously engaged in lithic percussion, and sharp stone pieces were produced under later experimental conditions. Furthermore, when provided with a human-made sharp stone, one orangutan spontaneously used it as a cutting tool. Contrary to previous experiments, social demonstrations did not considerably improve the stone tool making and using abilities of orangutans. Our study is the first to systematically investigate the stone tool making and using abilities of untrained, unenculturated orangutans showing that two proposed pre-requisites for the emergence of early lithic technologies-lithic percussion and the recognition of sharp-edged stones as cutting tools-are present in this species. We discuss the implications that ours and previous great ape stone tool experiments have for understanding the initial stages of lithic technologies in our lineage.

Design and Implementation of a Sophisticated Metal Detector Used in the Field of Airport Security

In this research, we designed and implemented an advanced metal detector based on the Atmega328p microprocessor; it is used in the security field to prevent the entry of dangerous metal tools or explosives to places that require a high degree of safety such as schools, airports, universities and commercial malls. Where the mechanism of the electronic scheme of the detector was understood, including what it contains of active and passive electronic components, the microprocessor used how to program it and its technical specifications were identified. After that, we converted the electronic diagram into a printed circuit board (PCB) via easyada.com, And then print this circuit on special paper so that we can transfer it on the copper board, and a special solution was used to remove the copper residues from the board, after that holes were created and the electronic elements were soldered, Moving on to the software part, the Arduino Uno chip was used to act as an ISP programmer, through which the Atmaga328p controller was programmed using AVRDUDESS software, tested with a small coil with a diameter of 1.5cm. The detector gave excellent performance in detecting metal pieces such as copper, aluminum, iron and silver, as well as electrical wires in the walls, where the device screen shows the signal strength of the captured metal as well as the numerical symbol of the metal. It also discovered the presence of a sharp tool hidden in the mouth, shoes or inside the clothes, and the device achieved high performance In discovering metal parts and determining their properties, with an accuracy of 80%.

Awareness of Hazard Risks and Prevention Among Orthopaedic Surgery Residents in South East Nigeria.

Background:Orthopaedic surgery is a specialty that deals with a lot of complex and delicate procedures which involve the use of power tools as well as handling of sharp tools and bony spicules, which, among other things, expose trainees to day-to-day hazards which can predispose them to an array of health challenges and burden the health sector. Knowledge of different measures in minimizing some of these risks can go a long way to saving lives and resources.Objectives:This study aims to determine the level of awareness among orthopaedic surgical residents about various hazards and risks and to ascertain their views on the prevention thereof to guide certain decision-making concerning surgical hazard risk reduction.Materials and Methods:A cross-sectional survey of orthopaedic surgery residents in South East Nigeria was conducted using a structured questionnaire designed using the free software Google® Form and was electronically distributed randomly to orthopaedic surgery residents in southern Nigeria using platforms including WhatsApp and Telegram. The data obtained were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) statistical software version 26. Consent was obtained from all respondents by outlining a clear statement of consent at the beginning of the form.Results:At the end of the study period, 49 surgical residents completed and submitted the questionnaire. There was a significant level of awareness of surgical hazard risks among the surgical residents, with over 90% agreeing to radiation exposure, needlestick injury, and inhalation of smoke being the major surgical hazard risks encountered in orthopaedic surgery practice. Over 95.9% of the respondents agreed that the use of sharp collection devices can help reduce needlestick injuries. All respondents agreed that the provision of adequate personal protective equipment (PPE) can help reduce surgical hazards. It was noted that the majority of the respondents (65.3%) had their preliminary knowledge about exposure to surgical hazard risks and appropriate safety measures during their undergraduate education. About 30.6% were aware of a surgery hazard risk safety guideline in their training centres, whereas only 65.3% of those people have studied the guidelines. There was no statistically significant associations between the level of training and marital status and those who had studied the surgical hazard risk guidelines available in their centres (P = 0.086, χ2= 2.942; P = 0.715, χ2=0.133, respectively). All of the residents know that immunization can help reduce the impact of disease risk among the surgery staff, but only 73.5% have completed a hepatitis B immunization and 55.1% have completed the tetanus immunization.Conclusion:Surgical hazards risks are important issues that need to be addressed and measures regularly reviewed appropriately to ensure and maintain the safety and health of the orthopaedic surgical and all other health personnel. There is a significant level of awareness of surgical hazard risks and prevention measures among orthopaedic residents, but the level of compliance to safety guidelines is not yet optimal.Recommendation:PPEs and sharp collection boxes should always be available in theatres and measures should be taken to encourage residents’ adherence to studying and practicing established surgical safety guidelines in their hospitals and also completing their immunization schedules.

Cutting edge radius effect on the surface integrity of orthogonal turned aluminium alloy Al6082 with different initial microstructure

In the present study, the combined effect of initial microstructure and relative tool sharpness (RTS) on the surface integrity of aluminium(Al6082) alloy has been investigated. Orthogonal turning is carried out on as-received and heat-treated specimen with group of edge radiused tools. Surface roughness and micro hardness have been evaluated with respect to number of turns for varying RTS value. Results indicate that the workpiece material adhesion on the tool has significantly influenced the surface roughness. In addition, below the critical RTS, the surface integrity is greatly influenced by the grain size of the material.

Investigation of chip formation mechanism in ultra-precision diamond turning of silk fibroin film

The importance of silk fibroin particles (size from tens of nanometres to hundreds of microns) as effective drug carriers has been well identified due to their superior mechanical strength, biocompatibility and biodegradability. They are usually fabricated by methods that have difficulties in controlling the size and shape to meet the required functions. In addition, using chemical agents in the fabrication process may result in biological risks and degradation of the fibroin structures. In this study, ultra-precision diamond turning (UPDT) technology is researched as an alternative chemical-free manufacturing approach to generate silk particles in the form of cutting chips with controllable size and shape. The machinability in UPDT of silk fibroin film (hereinafter referred to as silk film) was discussed in terms of specific cutting force and chip morphology. The material removal in UPDT of silk film is taken place in the ductile regime. Experimental results reveal that a rise in the cutting speed could significantly reduce the specific cutting force, while decreasing the depth of cut (DOC) could increase the specific cutting force because of the size effect. Moreover, a sharp point tool using a less than 2.5 μm/rev feed rate is preferred to generate helical silk chips. The formation mechanism of shear bands and serrated chips in UPDT of silk film was investigated with the aid of a finite element and smoothed particle hydrodynamics (FE-SPH) hybrid numerical model with Cowper-Symonds (CS) material equation. The material parameters of silk film were determined for the first time at p = 7 and D = 1140 s−1. The simulated specific cutting force with this set of material parameters is 49.0% smaller than the measured one. The simulated chip morphology (e.g. shear band spacing) was also in good agreement with the measured values. The simulation study shows that the shear band formation is done via two joining parts: one part propagates from the cutting edge to the free surface, another part initiates on the free surface and evolves towards the cutting edge. The chip segment is formed by a microcrack propagating from the free surface to the cutting edge. The underlying mechanism of formation of the serrated chip is found to have its roots in the hierarchical structure of silk fibroin.

Lassification Study of Solid Medical Waste in Heet General Hospital

Is rated about (10-25 %) Of these wastes as hazardous and can affect the public health environment and pollution in particular, the medical waste m n this hospital if it is not handled properly can cause health problems for health workers in the hospital and for the patients and the community. Medical waste consists of hazardous waste and non - hazardous wastes include waste and hazardous waste infectious , disease, drugs , sharp tools, chemicals, toxic waste genetic and radioactive either non - hazardous waste fats included garbage and general daily waste of residues of food , materials , office and other.

A Literature Review of Statistical Teaching Research in Big Data Environment

The arrival of the big data era brings not only opportunities but also challenges to statistics teaching. It is of great significance to explore the statistics teaching mode under the big data environment. Closely following the frontier of Statistics teaching research in the big data environment, this paper combs the literature on statistics teaching research in the big data environment. Through analysis, it is found that the statistics teaching should give consideration to "systematicness" and "pertinence" closely with the pace of the era, constantly cultivate big data thinking, and make good use of statistics, a "sharp tool" for mining data value, so as to better serve social development in the big data environment.

Adverse Events in the Digital Age: Finding the Sharpest Tool in the Box.

Digital health arrived to society and it generates data which is growing exponentially. Pharma and medical device industry recently embarked on this journey. Digital tools became everyday experience both in development as well as post-market settings. These non-traditional data sources may contain relevant safety, efficacy, effectiveness and other knowledge, which are valuable for understanding and further characterizing safety profile of a given medicinal and medical device product. It is however unclear what new responsibilities are associated with the use of such tools and data generated / collected by them. Current regulatory framework does not provide very clear guidance on it. Teams are struggling to interpret expectations originated from regulations, ethics and patients. We present practical approaches for data management and we suggest that a detailed assessment of projects is conducted to identify obligations for screening digitally-sourced data. Compliance with regulations is obligatory, but it is also incumbent on the sponsor to define a data management strategy covering the purpose of the activities, and the value of the data gathered. Decisions thereafter should be aligned with the mission, vision, and objectives defined by the sponsor.