Sharp Corners Research Articles

Machine learning based track height prediction for complex tool paths in direct metal deposition

The tooling industry persistently demands for advanced techniques to boost the tools performances over their lifecycle. Direct Metal Deposition (DMD) presents key opportunities in the tool refurbishment. However, the typical tool paths via DMD consist of alternated smooth segments and sharp corners. Here, the fluctuation of energy density and powder quantities often cause critical geometrical deviations to the tool restored sections. This work presents a novel machine learning based prediction approach that characterizes paths using features associated to process parameters and performed geometry. The benefits of the approach have been validated on toolpaths, which typically characterize a tool refurbishment process.

Computational Evaluation of Laminar and Turbulent Forced Convection of Liquid Metals and Isobutane in Miniature Heat Sinks with Sharp Corners

Computational Evaluation of Laminar and Turbulent Forced Convection of Liquid Metals and Isobutane in Miniature Heat Sinks with Sharp Corners

Особливості зносу пар тертя канат-блок і канат-барабан за умов роботи підйомно-тягових пристроїв

The features of wear of rope-block and rope-drum friction pairs of lifting and traction devices operating in the conditions of a hot manufactory of the metallurgical plant and also the mining and beneficiation plant were studied. It is shown that the causes of wear of the elements of the rope-block and rope-drum friction pairs are the interaction in their contact zones, which occurs in the surface layers under the influence of high contact stresses, friction, cyclic loads, abrasive particles, active atmospheric and industrial environments. It was found that these actions lead to irreversible processes of accumulation of stresses and plastic shifts, which have a periodic and heterogeneous character. It is shown that the strength of the lifting or traction rope is determined by the degree of wear of the wires, primarily those in contact with the block and the drum. The structural changes in the surface layers of the wires and the mechanisms of the formation of wear particles were analyzed, which confirm the heterogeneous nature of the wear of the wires in the strands of the rope. Areas of abrasive wear were also observed on the worn surface of the wires, where under the action of solid foreign particles of contamination with sharp corners falling between the wires, the surface of the wires was undercut. It is shown that the presence of non-metallic inclusions leads to the formation of wear particles and fatigue cracks. It was established that the wear of friction pairs of rope-block and rope-drum of hoisting and traction devices has a fatigue-corrosive nature, and the main mechanism of the formation of wear particles is the development of plastic shifts in the surface layers of friction pairs and their separation by plastic exfoliation and abrasive and corrosive destruction. The shape of the wear particles depends on the type of material and the conditions of their formation. It is proposed to take measures regarding structural approaches to friction pairs, taking into account their working conditions, in order to reduce contact stresses and increase their wear resistance, reliability and durability.

Molecular insights into the resistance of phospholipid heads to the membrane penetration of graphene nanosheets.

The interaction between nanomaterials and phospholipid membranes underlies many emerging biological applications. To what extent hydrophilic phospholipid heads shield the bilayer from the integration of hydrophobic nanomaterials remains unclear, and this open question contains important insights for understanding biological membrane physics. Here, we present molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to clarify the resistance of phospholipid heads to the membrane penetration of graphene nanosheets. With 130 simulation trials, we observed that ∼22% graphene nanosheets penetrate the POPC bilayer. Sharp corners of the nanosheets should have a lower energy barrier than nanosheet edges, but interestingly, the membrane penetration mainly starts from the edge-approaching orientation. We thoroughly analyzed the pentration pathway and propulsion, indicating that the membrane penetration of graphene nanosheets is dominated by the joint effects of nanosheet edges and corners. Furthermore, the molecular origin of the resistance is clarified by evaluating the bilayers of different phospholipids, which successfully correlates the penetration resistance of phospholipid heads with the correlated motions of neighboring phospholipids for the first time. These results are expected to inspire future studies on the dynamic behavior of phospholipids, bio-nano interfaces, and design of biological nanomaterials.

Two-dimensional pseudo-steady supersonic flow around a sharp corner for the generalized Chaplygin gas

<abstract><p>In this paper, the expansion problem which arises in a two-dimensional (2D) isentropic pseudo-steady supersonic flow expanding into vacuum around a sharp corner for the generalized Chaplygin gas is studied. This expanding problem catches the interaction of an incomplete centered simple wave with a backward planar rarefaction wave and the interaction of a non-planar simple wave with a rigid wall boundary of the 2D self-similar Euler equations. Using the methods of characteristic decompositions and invariant regions, we get the hyperbolicity in the wave interaction domains and prior $ C^{1} $ estimates of solutions to the two interaction problems. It follows the global existence of the solution up to infinity of the gas expansion problem.</p></abstract>

Particle-Based Numerical Simulation Study of Solid Particle Erosion of Ductile Materials Leading to an Erosion Model, Including the Particle Shape Effect.

Solid particle erosion inevitably occurs if a gas–solid or liquid–solid mixture is in contact with a surface, e.g., in pneumatic conveyors. Having a good understanding of this complex phenomenon enables one to reduce the maintenance costs in several industrial applications by designing components that have longer lifetimes. In this paper, we propose a methodology to numerically investigate erosion behavior of ductile materials. We employ smoothed particle hydrodynamics that can easily deal with large deformations and fractures as a truly meshless method. In addition, a new contact model was developed in order to robustly handle contacts around sharp corners of the solid particles. The numerical predictions of erosion are compared with experiments for stainless steel AISI 304, showing that we are able to properly predict the erosion behavior as a function of impact angle. We present a powerful tool to conveniently study the effect of important parameters, such as solid particle shapes, which are not simple to study in experiments. Using the methodology, we study the effect of a solid particle shape and conclude that, in addition to angularity, aspect ratio also plays an important role by increasing the probability of the solid particles to rotate after impact. Finally, we are able to extend a widely used erosion model by a term that considers a solid particle shape.

Failure of hydraulic lathe chuck assembly

Present work provides a detailed failure investigation of a hydraulic lathe chuck assembly that comprises a plunger, three jaws, and three jaw-carriers that are made of carburized, tempered and sub-zero treated EN36C steel. The chuck assembly suffered premature failure of the plunger and one of the jaw carriers during the service in a CNC lathe. The investigation comprises a detailed metallurgical failure analysis involving: visual inspection, fractography, metallography, and hardness measurements. The analysis concludes that plunger failed first by fatigue fracture that is originated at a sharp corner of a T-slot. The mating jaw-carrier failed in the next event due to instant misalignment and overstressing during the lathe operation. The investigation concludes that design flaw and improper heat treatment cycle as the reasons for the premature failure of the assembly. Through experimental simulation of the heat-treatment cycles using EN36C specimens, the work suggests that carburizing, cryogenic treatment and then tempering is the proper sequence for achieving the best combination of mechanical properties that should extend the service life of the chuck-assembly.

Effect of Scraper Geometry on Scraping HAP/ZrO2 Slurry in Digital Light Processing

Digital light processing (DLP) can be used to form HAP/ZrO2 mixed ceramic slurry. In the printing technology, the scraper geometry has an important effect on the scraping process; thus, it is necessary to conduct analysis. A modified lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is proposed to conduct the numerical simulations according to the non-Newtonian behavior of the slurry. The Cross behavior of the slurry is viewed as a special external force; then, the traditional LBM including the true external force can be utilized effectively. The triangle, rectangle, trapezium, and rounded rectangle are the main considered section geometries of the scraper. When the flow velocity is set to 0.1 m/s, the results show that the maximum velocity occurs near the bottom surface of the scraper. In four situations, the velocity peak of the triangle case is 0.6270 m/s, which is the maximum, and much larger than the flow velocity of 0.1 m/s. The velocity peak of the rectangle case is 0.0466 m/s, which is the minimum. Although the velocity peak of the rounded rectangle case is 0.0556 m/s, the second velocity peak is 0.0465 m/s; the difference is smaller than that of the rectangle case. In addition, the streamlines figures show that the sharp corner leads to the obvious velocity change. In summary, the rounded rectangle is considered to be more suitable for scraping the HAP/ZrO2 mixed slurry.

Advanced tensile properties and strain rate sensitivity of titanium matrix composites reinforced with CaTiO3 particles

In the present work, a novel reinforcement, i.e., CaTiO3 particles, was adopted to produce high performance Ti matrix composites (TMCs), via a powder metallurgy process followed by hot extrusion. The results revealed that the CaTiO3 particles successfully improved the strength of Ti without sacrificing the elongation to failure. In contrast with most of ceramic particles that decompose or react with Ti matrix, CaTiO3 particles remain chemically unchanged in the matrix. Importantly, unlike titanium carbide (TiC) and other chemically stable particles that are reported with sharp corner and irregular shapes, the CaTiO3 particles display a round profile that may weaken the stress concentration in the matrix. It is found that the yield strength increases from 406 MPa for pure Ti to more than 800 MPa for TMCs with only 2.5 wt% addition of CaTiO3, while maintaining the elongation to failure over 25%. The attractive mechanical property is attributed to the hardened grain boundaries and increased geometrically necessary dislocations (GNDs) caused by the CaTiO3 particles. Besides, the experimental results show that, due to the particle-induced strong dislocation pinning and GNDs hardening effect, the strain rate sensitivity was also found increased for TMCs.

Transparent characterization and quantitative analysis of broken gangue’s 3D fabric under the bearing compression

Broken gangue has been extensively used in rockfill dams, subgrade, embankment, foundation cushion and other engineering construction. The deformation characteristics of broken gangue under the bearing compression play a decisive role in the firmness, stability and safety of these structures (buildings), and the meso-fabric change of broken gangue under the bearing compression significantly affects its macro deformation. In this study, the transparent characterization and quantitative analysis of 3D fabric of broken gangue under the bearing compression were performed through CT scanning test, image processing and 3D reconstruction technology, and the influence mechanism of internal fabric of broken gangue on its macro deformation was revealed. The results show that: In the loading stage of 0–2 MPa, the sharp corners, thin edges on the blocks and the bar-shaped and blade-shaped blocks with poor regularity are broken first under the bearing compression; in the loading stage of 2–8 MPa, a large number of larger particles in the sample are crushed in the mode of fragmentation; in the loading stage of 8–10 MPa, the breakage degree of samples is relieved. The axial displacement of the block inside the sample occurs, as well as the lateral displacement of the block converging to the central axis of the sample. In the rapid deformation stage, the macro deformation of the broken gangue is mainly caused by the rearrangement and adjustment of the block structure and the breakage of the block; in the slow deformation stage, it is mainly caused by the breakage of the block; in the stable deformation stage, it is mainly caused by the optimization and adjustment of the bearing skeleton in the sample.

Sintering mechanism of Ag nanoparticle-nanoflake: a molecular dynamics simulation

This paper studied the behaviors of sintering between Ag nanoparticle (NP) and nanoflake (NF) in the same size by molecular dynamics simulation. Before the sintering simulation, the melting simulation of NF was carried out to calculate the melting points of NFs and investigate the thermostability of NF. The Lindemann index and potential energy showed that the melting points of NF were significantly size-dependent. During the heating process, the sharp corner of NF transformed to the round corner and could bend spontaneously lower than melting points. In sintering simulation, the sintering process of NF-NP showed a metastable stage before equilibrium. Under low sintering temperature (500 K), the degree of plasticity sintering mechanism of NF-NP was more prominent, which generated more defects, such as amorphous atoms, dislocations, and stacking faults, than NP-NP. The sintered products of NF-NP also presented a better neck size and shrinkage than NP-NP in the same size. A new sintering behavior was observed: NF was bent toward the NP during the sintering. The bending curvature of NF increased as the thickness or the length/width decreased. For the NF with the ratio of length/width to thickness of 5:1, bending could further significantly facilitate neck growth. At 700 K, the plasticity mechanism dominated both the sintering processes of NF-NP and NP-NP. And NF-NP showed a larger diffusivity than NP-NP. At last, we investigated the effects of crystal misorientation, and found that a tilted grain boundary generated in the neck. The NF had the trend of rotation to decrease the crystal misorientation.

Numerical investigation of flow behavior at the lateral intake using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)

Hydraulic and environmental engineering projects often utilize side channels. The water flow through the lateral intake of channels and rivers is turbulent including separation zone and lateral eddies. This causes many problems, the transfer and deposition of sediments to the sub-channel, being the most serious. In the current work, a hydrodynamic model using the Navier–Stokes equation for the flow of incompressible fluids was studied. Using the CFD software, ANSYS FlUENT 19.2, 3D flow patterns were simulated at a diversion channel. First, the simulation results were confirmed in this study utilizing the experimental data performed by earlier investigation. The results showed good agreement using the comparison between the experimental and numerical results when the k-omega turbulence viscous model was employed. Simulation of the flow pattern was then done at the lateral channel junction using a variety of geometry designs. These improvements include changing the intake's inclination angle and chamfering and rounding the inner corner of the intake mouth instead of the sharp edge.The flow parameters at the diversion including velocity streamlines, bed shear stress, and separation zone dimensions were computed in the current study. The findings demonstrated that changing the 90° lateral intake geometry can improve the flow pattern and bed shear stress at the intake junction. Consequently, sedimentation and erosion problems are reduced.According to the conclusions of this study, a branching angle of 30° to 45° is the best configuration for increasing branching channel discharge, lowering branching channel sediment concentration and lowering Scour depth at the junction region. It was also discovered that modifying the intake inlet's sharp interior corner with specific conditions has a favorable effect on reducing the size of the separation zone. The intake of chamfered inner edge with 30° angle to flow direction (α) and c value of 0.75b was found to be the best model for lowering separation area in this investigation. In addition, the separation area and stress distribution are negatively influenced by the Configuration E model (chamfered edge at 60° angle with the horizontal), notably the greater chamfer size by increasing chamfered vertical distance (c).

Failure analysis of a cracked cylinder block assembly of an aircraft brake system

This study contains the analysis of a cylinder block assembly of an aircraft brake system that failed due to the formation of cracks. The failure analysis was performed using a two-prong strategy (i) experimental, which included the analysis of the fracture surfaces along with microstructure and composition, and (ii) numerical (finite element analysis, FEA), to find the stress state. Visual inspection revealed relatively long cracks emanating from a sharp corner (junction) which traversed 87 mm in one direction and 52 mm in another. At a mirror-symmetric location, another smaller crack (∼16 mm) revealed the initial growth stage. During detailed fractography of the region containing long cracks, clear beach marks indicating progressive failure were observed pointing towards the same sharp corner. Microstructure and compositional analysis revealed the cylinder block assembly material to be heat treated Al 2024 having no inherent nonconformities. The hardness was also found to be conformant to the typical of the Al 2024. The stresses are produced as a consequence of (a range of) hydraulic pressures acting on its pistons which were estimated using FEA. The stress was confirmed to be concentrated (having Kt ∼ 2.25) at the same junction(s) as identified during fractography. Due to the cyclic nature of the applied loads, the resulting stresses initiated the fatigue crack(s) at the stress concentration locations (junctions). Fatigue life calculation using unnotched SN diagram (Kt = 1, R ∼ 0)) showed that failures could potentially occur between 2.83 E5 to 1.12 E5 load cycles, depending on the value of stress amplitude, and it matched with the estimated life in our case. Thus, a combination of cyclic brake applications and the presence of stress concentration locations resulted in fatigue crack initiation and propagation leading to the ultimate rejection of the cylinder block.

Keypoint-driven line drawing vectorization via PolyVector flow

Line drawing vectorization is a daily task in graphic design, computer animation, and engineering, necessary to convert raster images to a set of curves for editing and geometry processing. Despite recent progress in the area, automatic vectorization tools often produce spurious branches or incorrect connectivity around curve junctions; or smooth out sharp corners. These issues detract from the use of such vectorization tools, both from an aesthetic viewpoint and for feasibility of downstream applications (e.g., automatic coloring or inbetweening). We address these problems by introducing a novel line drawing vectorization algorithm that splits the task into three components: (1) finding keypoints, i.e., curve endpoints, junctions, and sharp corners; (2) extracting drawing topology, i.e., finding connections between keypoints; and (3) computing the geometry of those connections. We compute the optimal geometry of the connecting curves via a novel geometric flow --- PolyVector Flow --- that aligns the curves to the drawing, disambiguating directions around Y-, X-, and T-junctions. We show that our system robustly infers both the geometry and topology of detailed complex drawings. We validate our system both quantitatively and qualitatively, demonstrating that our method visually outperforms previous work.

Extra electric field-enhanced lightning rod effect in pine needle-like Au microarrays for boosting direct plasmon-driven photoelectrochemical hydrogenation reactions via in-situ SERS monitoring

Based on plasmonic metallic nanomaterials (NMs) with unique local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), the photo-excited hot carrier-driven hydrogenation reaction becomes a new family of photocatalytic transformations in recent years. However, the high work function and rapid hot-carrier recombination of plasmonic NMs create huge barriers for widespread practical application. Herein, we propose a fascinating reactor of up-regulated electrochemical LSPR (EC-LSPR) driven hydrogenation reaction via the construction of hierarchical Au pine needles (H-Au PNs) with enhanced lightning rod effect under appropriate extra electric field. The plentiful elongated Au branches with sharp corners and edges can be served as excellent electron-transport channels for facilitating photo-excited hot carrier transmission and accelerating hot electron collection at nano-tips after plasmon decay. Additionally, the extra electric field with the applied voltage of − 0.8 V further improves the surface charge density and the internal polarization of H-Au PNs, boosting the separation efficiency of hot carriers as well as reducing the photoelectrochemical (PEC) potential on H-Au PNs. It directly leads to an effective activation enthalpy reduction to reach above the energy threshold of water splitting, which can achieve the direct plasmon-driven PEC-hydrogenation conversion of 4-nitrothiophenol (4-NTP) to 4-aminothiophenol (4-ATP) in aqueous solution, and the conversion rate constant is about 5 times higher than bare EC-driven conversion. The present work provides a new opportunity for the emerging direct plasmon-driven hydrogenation reaction.

Microscale Mechanical‐Chemical Modeling of Granular Salt: Insights for Creep

AbstractMicroscale numerical modeling is potentially an effective approach for understanding salt creep, but it is quite challenging because natural salt grain boundaries can have complex and evolving geometry, and because contacts between these deformable salt mineral grains are dynamic as a result of compaction, chemical reaction, fluid flow, and heat transfer. In this study, we have overcome these challenges and developed a new microscale mechanical‐chemical (MC) model to analyze creep of salt at the microscale, accounting for coupled deformation, dynamic contacts, and chemical reaction in granular systems with realistic geometric representations. The MC model was realized by linking a new microscale mechanical code based on the numerical manifold method (NMM) to a reactive transport code named Crunch. We simulated the processes of reorganization of the salt grains, microfracturing, and pressure solution that contribute to creep at larger scales. Based on this first quantitative microscale model, we found that sharp corners of mineral grains can dominate the contact dynamics, microfracturing, and pressure solution when salt is compacted, thus governing the structural changes and porosity loss of the system. We found that pressure solution, which preferentially dissolves sharp corners and edges, can lead to relatively high porosity loss in the system, thus playing an important role in the creep of salt. Our analysis shows that the dynamic changes of salt granular systems involving grain relocation and pressure solution can occur repeatedly and continuously, thus contributing to longer‐term creep of salt at larger scales.

Physical modelling of pipe culverts to assist upstream fish passage

AbstractRoad crossings and culverts may adversely impact the stream network connectivity and fish habitats of the catchment. Research into the passage of small‐body‐mass fish in pipe culverts has been relatively limited, compared to the literature for box culverts. For small‐bodied and juvenile fish species, the excessive barrel velocities are often a major hindrance, because of their weak swimming capabilities. In the present study, some physical testing of low‐velocity‐zones was undertaken in standard pipe culvert. The physical modelling was conducted under controlled flow conditions to test comparatively three designs, aiming to minimise the change in energy losses and to maximise low‐velocity zones and secondary circulation conducive to small‐body‐mass fish passage. In the whole pipe culvert experiment (Model 1), both baffle and longitudinal rail boundary treatments provided low‐velocity zones. The baffles however induced a strongly turbulent flow, associated with substantially larger energy dissipation than the reference smooth boundary pipe culvert. The longitudinal rail boundary treatment produced energy losses comparable to the smooth boundary reference configuration. Both boundary treatments were tested comparatively at near‐full‐scale (Model 2) to quantify the low‐velocity‐zone (LVZ) characteristics. The small longitudinal rail (0.06 m × 0.02 m), installed at 30° from the centreline, induced some flow asymmetry, as well as some low‐velocity‐zones on both sides of the rail. Some strong secondary motion was further observed as the combined effect of the flow asymmetry and singularities of the rail corners. The secondary motion structure was markedly different, and the distributions of the normal turbulent stresses (vz′2 − vy′2) showed key differences between the two boundary treatments, with the sharp corners of the rail contributing to the generation of secondary motion and in turn slow‐velocity regions facilitating the upstream passage of small‐body‐mass fish species and juveniles of larger fish.

Grid-based femtosecond laser electronic excitation tagging for single-ended 2D velocimetry at kilohertz rates.

A novel, to the best of our knowledge, optical arrangement is evaluated for performing single-shot femtosecond laser electronic excitation tagging in a 16-point grid (Grid-FLEET) with single-ended optical access. The optical arrangement includes a diffractive optical element beam splitter to produce a grid of laser beams in a simplified, flexible, and efficient manner for tracer-free multi-component molecular tagging velocimetry in a two-dimensional field. Analysis of the optical element with respect to beam forming is described, and Grid-FLEET measurements are evaluated relative to the precision of previously described single-point FLEET measurements using Lagrangian tracking for flow in a laminar jet and around a sharp corner. Utilizing a conventional 1-kHz laser source coupled to a high-speed intensified camera, it is also feasible to achieve measurement rates of 100 kHz or higher by mapping the Lagrangian grid to one or more Eulerian measurement points. The data further indicate that enhancement of the instantaneous vector fields and spatial velocity gradients can be analyzed to enhance the understanding of multi-dimensional flow physics in applications in which the use of tracers may be difficult and where multi-directional optical access may be limited.

Study of underfill corner cracks by the confocal-DIC and phantom-nodes methods

In a flip chip package, due to the sharp square chip corner geometry and the loading from mismatches in the coefficients of thermal expansion between materials in the assembly, a stress concentration in the chip corner area is often thought to greatly impact reliability in thermal cyclic loading. Cracks often originate from this stress concentration, and may lead to the failure of the device when propagating into the chip or electrical connections. In order to better understand the mechanism of underfill cracking and predict the crack path, a method based on laser scanning confocal microscopy and digital image correlation (confocal-DIC) was used to measure the local deformation around a crack from a chip corner. A sample was fabricated by bonding a 6 × 6 × 0.55 mm3 silicon chip to a 20 × 12 × 0.4 mm3 quartz substrate, in a configuration that is similar to a flip-chip package. The SU8-2005 epoxy resin mixed with a mass fraction of 0.1 wt% alumina particle fillers was used as the underfill material for the purpose of measurements. Naturally initiated cracks were observed along the diagonal direction when the sample was subjected to −18/25 °C thermal cycles. Artificial cracks with lengths of 160 μm and 640 μm were fabricated from the chip corner by a laser, along the 45° diagonal direction, similarly to the naturally initiated cracks. The artificially cracked sample was imaged at 25 °C and 5 °C by a confocal microscope and the strain distribution around the crack was estimated by DIC. The maximum hoop strain and first principal strain were located at the crack front area for both the 160 μm and 640 μm cracks. These data were used to build a numerical model using the extended finite element method (XFEM) with the phantom-nodes approach. When the mesh size was decreased to 16 μm, the hoop strain obtained by simulation at the crack tip was 22.0% and 9.5% lower than that measured by confocal-DIC, for the 160 μm crack and the 640 μm crack, respectively. This difference decreased to 8.2% and 6.3%, respectively, when the distance was from 50 to 175 μm away from the crack tip along the diagonal direction. The distribution of hoop strain was in good agreement with the measured values, when the element size was small enough to capture the strong strain gradient near the crack tip. A propagation model was realized based on the phantom-nodes method. The crack started from the chip corner and evolved into a planar crack along the diagonal direction, which is in good agreement with the experimental observations.

Characterization of Bacterial Nanocellulose - Graphite Nanoplatelets Composite Films

Bacterial cellulose (BC) was synthesized from pineapple peel extract media with addition of fermentation agent bacteria Acetobacter xylinum. BC was disintegrated from the pellicle into bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) by using a high-pressure homogenizer (hph) machine, which has a three-dimensional woven nanofibrous network. The synthesis of composite films started when BNC, graphite nanoplatelets, and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) were homogenized using an ultrasonic homogenizer then baked on a glass mold at a temperature of 80 degrees Celcius for 14h. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to analyze its morphology. X-Ray diffraction spectra were used to analyze the composite films structure. The functional groups of the composite films were analyzed using the FTIR spectrum. SEM micrograph shows that GNP was evenly distributed into BNC matrix after CTAB addition. GNPs are shown as flat and smooth flakes with sharp corners. Some peak corresponds O-H, C-H, C≡C, and CH3 stretching was identified by using FTIR spectroscopy at wavenumber 3379, 2893, 2135, and 1340 cm-1, respectively. XRD analysis shows that Crystalline Index (C.I) of BNC increases after 2.5 wt% addition of GNP. The presence of CTAB decreases C.I value of composite films. BNC/GNP composite films have the best mechanical properties with Young’s modulus about 77.01 ± 8.564.