Share Of Muscle Tissue Research Articles

Мясная продуктивность чистопородных герефордских бычков белорусской селекции

Биоклиматический потенциал сельскохозяйственных угодий Белоруссии позволяет производить уже в недалекой перспективе до 2,5 млн т говядины. Несколько лет назад в стране был взят курс на выращивание мясных пород крупного рогатого скота. Изучен рост и оценена мясная продуктивность чистопородных герефордских бычков в условиях Витебской области. Определен морфологический состав отдельных естественно-анатомических частей туш бычков. Проведена сравнительная оценка динамики живой массы и среднесуточного прироста чистопородных герефордских бычков до 18-месячного возраста в условиях племенных хозяйств. Убойный выход туши, полученный при контрольном убое бычков, составил 54,8 – 55,1 % с индексом мясности 4,28 – 4,34. На долю мышечной ткани в тушах приходилось в среднем порядка 71,7 – 72,0 %, на кости — 18,7 – 18,9 %. Выход наиболее ценных сортов мяса высшего и I сортов соответственно составил 14,5 – 18,9 и 45,1 – 46,5 % от общего количества мякоти. По данным контрольного убоя у бычков всех групп получили высококачественные нежирные туши массой 190 – 242 кг.

Age-related changes in the percentage content of edible and nonedible components in turkeys

The total percentage content of edible and nonedible components in the carcasses of different poultry species is an important economic consideration. Age has a significant effect on the growth rate of birds and carcass tissue composition. The objective of this study was to determine age-related changes in the percentage content of edible and nonedible components in turkeys. The experimental materials comprised 2-wk-old Big 6 turkeys, raised to 20 wk of age (males) and 16 wk of age (females). The percentage content of edible components increased, and the percentage content of nonedible components decreased with age. The percentage content of edible components increased by approximately 20% in males (from 2 to 20 wk) and 25% in females (from 2 to 16 wk). At slaughter, 20-wk-old males were characterized by a higher content of edible components, compared with 16-wk-old females, because at 2 wk of age the proportion of nonedible components was 13.2% higher in females than in males. Among edible components, the content of muscle tissue and skin with subcutaneous fat increased, and the content of giblets decreased. The share of muscle tissue in the total BW of males and females increased by 20.5 and 21.9%, respectively. The share of skin with subcutaneous fat increased by 3.5% in males and 5.8% in females. The proportion of giblets decreased by around 4% in both males and females. The decrease in the percentage content of nonedible components was mostly due to a decrease in the share of slaughter offal (by 14.5% in males and 18.9% in females), accompanied by minor changes in the proportion of bones (by 4.1% in males and 2.1% in females).

The effect of age on the growth rate of tissues and organs and the percentage content of edible and nonedible carcass components in Pekin ducks

Age has a significant effect on carcass tissue composition, which is an important consideration in slaughter animals because age-related changes are observed in both edible and nonedible carcass components. In this study, the above changes were analyzed in Pekin ducks. The weight of individual edible and nonedible components in ducks increased for different periods of time, and the growth rate of tissue components varied considerably. The percentage content of edible components in the total BW of Pekin ducks increased from 42.8% in wk 1 to 59.9% in wk 8, mostly due to a significant (13.3%) increase in the share of muscle tissue. The percentage content of skin and subcutaneous fat remained at a stable level from wk 4, whereas the share of giblets decreased from 6 wk of age. The percentage content of nonedible components in the total BW of Pekin ducks decreased from 48.6% in wk 1 to 34.6% in wk 8, mainly due to a decrease in slaughter offal content (from 39.7% in wk 1 to 27.2% in wk 8). Minor changes were noted in the proportion of bones (11.7% in wk 1 and 10.9% in wk 8).

The share of tissues in pig carcass sides of autochthonous breeds depending on the body mass and sex

Objective of this paper was to determine the distribution of tissues in four major carcass side parts from fatteners of Swallow-Belly Mangalitsa and Moravka breeds. The study included 42 animals (male castrated and female pigs) of Swallow-Belly Mangalitsa strain (LM, n=19) and Moravka (M, n=23). Animals were kept and reared in the same farm conditions with free ranges. During fattening, animals were fed two complete mixtures containing 15 and 13% crude proteins. Dissection of left carcass sides and calculation of the meat percentage were carried out according to EU reference method (EC, No.3127/94). Obtained data was processed using GLM procedure of the software package SAS 9.1.3 (SAS Inst.Inc., 2002-2003). Pre-slaughter body mass influenced variation of the mass of warm and cooled carcass sides (P<.0001). Pre-slaughter body mass of SBM and M had impact on variation of the subcutaneous fat tissue and skin in the thigh and shoulder, and on bone tissue in the shoulder. Fatteners of Moravka breed had higher average mass of back-loin part of the carcass sides (P<0.01) and mass of subcutaneous fat tissue including the skin (P<0.05) compared to Swallow-Belly Mangalitsa. Share of muscle tissue of this carcass part in total mass of muscle tissue in all four carcass side parts was higher in Moravka breed pigs (+2.18%, P<0.01). Male castrated pigs had lower values of average mass of the thigh/leg (P<0.05), lower values of muscle tissue mass in the thigh/leg (P<0.01) and higher share of bone tissue (P<0.05) compared to female pigs. In the belly-rib part, castrates had less intermuscular fat tissue (P<0.05) and bone tissue (P<0.05) than female pigs.

Properties and composition of carcass of domestic spotted young cattle of two preslaughter weights

Objective of this research was to determine the slaughter properties and carcass composition of carcass sides derived from young cattle of Domestic Spotted breed, of pre-slaughter weights of 500 (group A) and 600 kg (group B). Heavier cattle had higher share of kidney fat in carcass, whereas the share of offals showed no significant differences. Statistically significant difference was registered only in share of toungue (P<0.05), that was higher in cattle of group A. Share of extra/premium (tenderloin), I category (round) and II category (loin, back, shoulder) showed no significant differences between groups of cattle. Statistically significant difference (P<0.05) was established in the share of III category carcass parts. Share of forearm and chest was significantly higher in lighter cattle (3.55% and 7.95%) compared to heavier animals (2.89% and 6.33%), whereas the share of subshoulder was considerably lower in group A (6.89%) compared to cattle of group B (9.73%). Data obtained by dissection of main carcass side parts differed significantly in regard to the share of muscle tissue in round and belly, that was significantly higher in cattle of group A (P<0.05). Share of fat tissue (subcutaneous and intermuscular) was higher in cattle of group B in almost all carcass side parts, however, statistically significant difference between groups was determined only in round, back, neck and subshoulder. Also, share of bones in chest differed statistically significantly (P<0.05) and it was higher in group A (20.09%) compared to cattle of group B (15.52%).

Quality traits of carcass sides and meat of Moravka and Mangalitsa pig breeds

Objective of this paper was to evaluate phenotypic variability of carcass side traits and quality of meat of fatteners (male castrated heads) of Moravka breed (M) and Mangalitsa (swallow-belly Mangalitsa - LM). The quantity and content of meat were determined based on dissection of left carcass sides (Walstra and Merkus, 1996). Also, nutritive properties of musculus longissimus dorsi (m.l.d.) were established. Obtained data were processed using GLM procedure of the program package SAS 9.1.3 (SAS Inst.Inc., 2002-2003). Results of the study show that Moravka fatteners had longer carcass sides (+6.82 and + 5.00 cm) compared to Mangalitsa breed, corrected to average body weight at slaughtering. Fatteners of M breed had in average higher total mass of back-loin part (+0.685, P<0.05) and average quantity of muscles in the same part of carcass side (+0.631 kg, P<0.01), compared to fatteners of LM breed. Also, they had higher quantity of muscle in belly-rib part (+0.237 kg, P<0.05) compared to LM. Share of muscle tissue in back-loin and belly-rib carcass side parts corrected for WCC, was higher in M carcass sides than in LM (P<0.01). Conversely, muscle tissue content in shoulders of Mangalitsa was higher (+4.8% ; P<0.05) than in Moravka. Share of muscle tissue in carcass sides of M pigs was by 4.3% higher compared to LM carcass sides. In m.l.d. of Moravka water content was higher (+6.1%, P<0.01), content of total lipids (-6.5%, P<0.05) and cholesterol (-19.68 mg/100 g, P<0.001) was lower than in Mangalitsa.

Comparative presentation of quality of pig carcass halves using different examination methods

Investigations were performed on 135 pig half-carcasses of different genotypes, of both sexes, at several abattoirs in Vojvodina. The determination of the carcass halves according to body mass was performed on the grounds of the linear regression coefficient of characteristics per mass of chilled halves. The General Regression Models analysis, statistics 8, was applied. The percentage of muscle tissue was assessed in three ways: Simulation of the FOM instrumental method and using the dissection method: EU1 (Commission Regulation, 3127/94) and EU2 (Commission Regulation, 1197/2006). The obtained results demonstrated that the relative share of muscle tissue in pig carcass halves determined according to the EU1 regulation was significantly (<0.05) lower (49.90%) than the established share of muscle tissue according to the FOM mathematical model (53.71%) and according to the valid EU2 regulation (54.03 %). In the chilled pig carcass halves, ham meat accounted for 16.05%, muscle tissue of the shoulder for 7.11%, LSD 8.49% and TRD 4.95. According to the distribution of carcass halves into market classes according to the SEUROP system using the FOM and EU2 methods, all carcass halves were ranked medium market class (E and U), while the EU1 formula classified only 36.30% of the carcass halves into the same class, and 63.70% into a lower market class (R). None of the formulas classified any carcass half as having the highest 'S' or the lowest percentage of meat 'O' and 'P'. On these grounds, we conclude that the examined samples are of medium quality, in fact, that the carcass halves belong to the medium quality market class (E, U and R). In closing, it can be concluded that further investigations on this subject are necessary because of the established differences in the meat percentage obtained by applying the previous (EU1) and the currently valid (EU2) formula. .

Correlation between certain parameters of pig carcass quality in unconventional housing systems

Major qualitative parameters of Landrace pig carcasses are presented in this paper. Phenotypic correlation between carcass quality indices and meat yield of carcass sides was investigated. Fatteners included in this research (117) were reared in non-conventional conditions, on deep litter, and as litter straw was used. Meat yield of pig carcass sides was evaluated on the slaughter line using the 'two point' method (Dzinic et al. 2004) and mathematical model using FOM-device (defined by Petrovic et al. 1996). Meat yield of carcass sides estimated using FOM was 56,29%, and by method of 'two points' 53,16%. Of basic quality parameters of pig carcasses the strongest correlation assessed using FOM device was established between meat yield of carcass side and thickens of fat tissue - LF and RF, and using the method of two points, between meat yield of carcass side and thickness of fat tissue - X1 i X2. Established correlations were negative, strong and statistically significant (-0,85**; -0,87**and -0,97**; -0,77**). Results of the assessment of quality of pig carcasses obtained using method of two points (53,16%) and by instrumental method on right carcass sides using FOM device (56,29%) differed, which indicates need to develop new equations for evaluation/assessment of share of muscle tissue in pig carcasses. .

Quality indicators: Carcass side and meat quality of pigs of different genotypes

In the paper, lean meat and quality of meat from pigs of 5 different genotypes were investigated: pure Landrace breed (L), genotype A; two hybrid combinations (Large Yorkshire x Landrace) x Duroc (LY x L) x D, genotype B; (Large Yorkshire x Landrace) x Pietrain (LY x L) x P, genotype C; and tow recurrent mating combinations: (Large Yorkshire x Landrace) x Large Yorkshire (F1x LY, genotype D) and (Large Yorkshire x Landrace) x Landrace (F1 x L, genotype E). Relevant indicators of lean meat were analyzed early post mortem and by method of partial dissection on cooled left carcass sides according to recommendation of EU. By analysis of obtained results it was established that the best indicator of lean meat of pig carcass sides mass of muscle tissue in four main parts. This conclusion derives from the fact that fatteners (genotype C) which had the greatest mass of muscle tissue in four main parts (15,33kg) also had the highest lean meat share in leg, shoulder, back-loin part (BLP) and belly-rib part (BRP) (69,67%, 57,71%, 54,42% and 44,99%) and highest share of muscle tissue in carcass sides when any of the mentioned investigation methods was applied (51,23 and 60,73%) compared to fatteners of other investigated genotypes. The quality of meat was investigated by determination of its technological quality and chemical composition of the MLD. Technological quality and chemical composition of MLD meat exhibited significant (*p<0,05) differences in WBC and pigment content between genotypes B and C, as well as B and E. Average values for content of ashes and share of pigments corresponds with average values characterizing muscles of normal properties. By analysis of obtained results we can conclude that fatteners of genotype E had the highest meat yield in carcass sides, but of slightly lower quality, which indicates the need for further work on improvement of meat quality. .

Quality of carcass sides, yield and distribution of certain tissues in carcasses from pigs fattened in conventional way and on deep litter

Objective of this research was to present and compare results of the research of the effect of two fattening methods, on deep litter and conventional method (without litter). Slaughter properties have been determined with special focus on distribution of certain tissues in pig carcasses fattened in two different ways. Research was carried out on meat, fattening pig breeds - Swedish landrace. Research included 115 fatteners from single farm in Vojvodina. Depending on the housing conditions, two groups were formed: first group - group I (60 heads in group) was housed on deep litter, and the second - group II (55 heads in group), without litter. At the end of the trial, pigs were slaughtered and dissection was performed on cooled (+4?C) left carcass sides and meat yield determined using the method of partial dissection (Walstra and Merkus, 1996). Carcass sides were cut in 12 parts. Based on the meat quantity in four main carcass parts: leg, shoulder, back-loin part (BLP) and belly-rib part (BRP), which contain 75% of total musculature mass and mass of tenderloin of carcass side, meat percentage in carcass sides was calculated according to formulation (Manojlovic Danica et al., 1999). Fatteners housed on deep litter had statistically significantly (**p<0.01) lower mass of cool carcass sides (38.38 kg) compared to fatteners housed without litter (40.90 kg). Higher absolute and relative shares of leg (10.22 kg and 25.02%) were established and higher absolute yield of shoulder (5.35 kg ) in fatteners housed in boxes without litter (II group). Yield of muscle tissue in leg, shoulder, BLP and BRP was higher in fatteners of the II group (without litter) compared to pigs fattened on deep litter, and also statistically highly significant differences were established in share of muscle tissue in shoulder (**p<0.01) and considerable differences in regard to share of muscle tissue in BRP (*p<0.05). Meat yield of pig carcass sides was determined by method of partial dissection, for fatteners housed on deep litter it was 47,92%, and in case of fatteners housed without litter it was 53.89%. Established differences were very significant (**p<0.01).

Contribution to the knowledge of the effect of back fat thickness on quality of carcass of Swedish landrace pigs

In this paper a comparative research relating to evaluation of the quality of pig carcasses originating from Swedish Landrace was carried out, total of 248 fatteners divided into two groups depending on the back fat thickness on withers and back. Quality was determined by partial dissection of left carcass sides according to procedure recommended by EU. The effect of back fat thickness on withers and back on quality of carcass sides, i.e. its effect on the share of muscle tissue, skin with subcutaneous fat tissue and intermuscular fat tissue in carcass side, was investigated. Obtained data show that exhibited difference in meat yield between groups wasn't statistically significant (P>0,05) in any of the cases. However, by testing the differences in relative yield of skin with subcutaneous fat tissue of leg, share of intermuscular fat tissue of shoulder, LSD and TRS, significance at the level of 5% was determined in fatteners with greater back fat thickness on withers. Observed differences relating to the effect of back fat thickness on share of skin with subcutaneous fat tissue in the carcass were significant and highly significant (*P<0,05 and **P<0,01). Positive correlation of medium strength was established (0,66859) between back fat thickness and content of skin with subcutaneous fat tissue. Between the content of intermuscular fat tissue and back fat thickness a strong positive correlation was established (0,76648).

Evaluation of the quality level of carcass from the aspect of proportion of major carcass parts in pork carcass sides

Results of the investigation carried out on pork carcasses (n = 20), deriving from Large Yorkshire pigs, are presented in this paper. Investigation began with average body mass of pigs of approximately 25 kg and ended with average body mass of 100 kg. Trial animals received uniquediet mixture (content of crude protein 17,4%, lysine content 0,9%, cellulose content 4,9%). Following traits were determined: mass of warm carcass sides at slaughtering, fat thickness between 13th and 14th rib and on vertebrae where Gluteus medius pars piriformis most penetrates the fat tissue. After cooling of carcass sides during 24 hour period on temperature of 4?C, lateral section was cut between 13lh and 14th rib in order to determine section surface of the Musculus longissiums dorsi (MLD) and surrounding fat tissue. Based on MLD section and surrounding fat tissue the meat-fat ration on the back part of carcass was calculated. Dissection of right carcass side was done according to the method of WENINGER et al. (Petricevic, 1985). Following quantitativi traits are presented: pH1 and pH2 values determined by using the digital pH-meter 45 minutes post mortem and 24 hours subsequent to slaughtering, respectively. Average weight of warm carcass side was 41,7 kg. Major parameters for dissection are fat thickness (22,35 - 23,35 mm). MLD area was 36,40 cm2. In regard to the share of major parts of carcass sides, extremely high contribution of back part (8,20 kg or 19,62%) whereas the determined contribution of ham in carcass side was 10,68 kg or 25,5%. Contribution of muscle tissue in certain carcass parts varied. For instance, the highest relative share of muscle tissue was determined in ham and shoulder 71,91% and 71,67%, respectively, followed by neek, 62,86%, whereas in other major carcass parts value of aporox 58% was determined. Total content of muscle tissue in carcass side was 58,41%. Majority of quality parameters were within the normal values.