Shape Theory Research Articles

IMPLEMENTASI TEORI HUMANISTIK TERHADAP SIKAP DISIPLIN SHOLAT FARDHU DI MI MA’ARIF PULUTAN SALATIGA

ABSTRACTThis study aims to determine (1) The concept of humanistic theory in shaping the discipline of fardhu prayer at MI Ma'arif Pulutan; (2) Implementation of humanistic theory in shaping the discipline of fardhu prayer at MI Ma'arif Pulutan; (3) obstacles to the implementation of humanistic theory in shaping student discipline at MI Ma'arif Pulutan. this research uses qualitative methods through a descriptive approach. Researchers used several techniques in data collection, including: a) Observation (Observation) by collecting information and data related to the implementation of discipline in running fardhu prayers through humanistic theory; b) Interview (Interview) In this interview the researcher held questions and answers to people who were directly involved such as the Principal, Waka Kesiswaan and also teachers who assisted students of MI Ma'arif Pulutan; c) Documentation: The documentation method researchers use in obtaining data about student discipline in carrying out fard prayers at MI Ma'arif Pulutan. Researchers use Triangulation, collaboration of methods, namely observation, interviews and documentation that can reinforce each other. The results of this study indicate that (1) The concept of humanisitk learning theory is defined as maximizing the process of development in physical and spiritual activities. first physiological or biological needs. Second, the need for security. Third, the need for love and belonging. Fourth, the need for self-esteem. Fifth, the need for self-actualization or personal development; (2) The initial step in the implementation of student discipline in carrying out this fardhu prayer by making an agreement involving school residents, sharing questions with students, showing visually appealing videos; (3) The obstacles to the implementation of humanistic theory in MI Ma'arif Pulutan are low motivation, poor time management, inconsistent educators in providing reinforcement, students who do not yet have awareness of the importance of discipline.

Performance of Indoor Small-Cell Networks Under Interior Wall Penetration Losses

The performance of indoor small-cell networks (SCNs) is affected by the indoor environment, such as walls, blockages, etc. In this paper, we investigate the effect of interior wall attenuation on the performance of an indoor SCN. Specifically, the spatial distribution of interior walls is modelled based on the random shape theory and the indoor base stations (BSs) are distributed following a homogeneous Poisson point process. The channel model includes the path loss, Rayleigh fading, and wall attenuation. We analytically derive the downlink coverage probability under the strongest received signal user association strategy, which is validated by Monte Carlo simulations for three typical interior wall layouts (i.e., random layout, binary orientation layout, and Manhattan grid). The analytical results show that for a given density of interior walls and signal strength attenuation per wall, there is an optimal BS density that maximises the coverage probability, and the optimal BS density increases as the wall attenuation increases.

Analyzing the Geometry and Dynamics of Viral Structures: A Review of Computational Approaches Based on Alpha Shape Theory, Normal Mode Analysis, and Poisson-Boltzmann Theories.

The current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic highlights our fragility when we are exposed to emergent viruses either directly or through zoonotic diseases. Fortunately, our knowledge of the biology of those viruses is improving. In particular, we have more and more structural information on virions, i.e., the infective form of a virus that includes its genomic material and surrounding protective capsid, and on their gene products. It is important to have methods that enable the analyses of structural information on such large macromolecular systems. We review some of those methods in this paper. We focus on understanding the geometry of virions and viral structural proteins, their dynamics, and their energetics, with the ambition that this understanding can help design antiviral agents. We discuss those methods in light of the specificities of those structures, mainly that they are huge. We focus on three of our own methods based on the alpha shape theory for computing geometry, normal mode analyses to study dynamics, and modified Poisson-Boltzmann theories to study the organization of ions and co-solvent and solvent molecules around biomacromolecules. The corresponding software has computing times that are compatible with the use of regular desktop computers. We show examples of their applications on some outer shells and structural proteins of the West Nile Virus.

Size and shape analysis of silica (SiO2) and gold (Au) nanoparticles

In nanotechnology, the size and shape control of nanoparticles is crucial as their properties are highly dependent on their morphology. This obliges researchers to work on obtaining uniform size and shape distribution in synthesized particles so that their electrical, optical, and magnetic properties remain uniform within the same batch. This brings the problem of how to quantify the shape and size of nanoparticles in the most accurate way. The most common way to determine size distribution is using UV-vis spectrometry; however, this method disregards the existence of agglomerated particles and may sometimes give an incorrect measurement. Therefore a technique that can obtain this data directly from the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of particles would be more reliable as it would capture data for every single particle in the batch. In a classical statistical sense, our interest is the shape and size distribution of nanoparticles. In this paper, we quantify the size and shape of nanoparticles using the statistical techniques applied on TEM images of particles: Functional Data and Shape Analysis. By using this shape theory we obtain the geodesic distances not only between the particles but also among the frames. We further cluster the nanoparticles in terms of their similarities. We want to emphasize the importance of the deformation and how it is done of one nanoparticle onto another.

On a finite type multivalued shape

We briefly review the origins and development of Borsuk's Theory of Shapes and the Multivalued Shape of Sanjurjo. We use a construction over metric compacta using hyperspaces to define a finite type version.

Optimal cooling of multiple levitated particles: Theory of far-field wavefront shaping

The opportunity to manipulate small-scale objects pushes us to the limits of our understanding of physics. Particularly promising in this regard is the interdisciplinary field of levitation, in which light fields can be harnessed to isolate nano-particles from their environment by levitating them optically. When cooled down towards their motional quantum ground state, levitated systems offer the tantalizing prospect of displaying mesoscopic quantum properties. Currently restricted to single objects with simple shapes, the interest in levitation is currently moving towards the manipulation of more complex structures, such as those featuring multiple particles or different degrees of freedom. Unfortunately, current cooling techniques are mostly designed for single objects and thus cannot easily be multiplexed to address such coupled many-body systems. Here, we present an approach based on the spatial modulation of light in the far-field to cool down multiple nano-objects in parallel. Our procedure is based on the experimentally measurable scattering matrix and on its changes with time. We demonstrate how to compose from these ingredients a linear energy-shift operator, whose eigenstates are identified as the incoming wavefronts that implement the most efficient cooling of complex moving ensembles of levitated particles. Submitted in parallel with arxiv:2103.12592, this article provides a theoretical and numerical study of the expected cooling performance as well as of the robustness of the method against environmental parameters.

Dissociation Mode of the O-H Bond in Betanidin, pKa-Clusterization Prediction, and Molecular Interactions via Shape Theory and DFT Methods.

Betanidin (Bd) is a nitrogenous metabolite with significant bioactive potential influenced by pH. Its free radical scavenging activity and deprotonation pathway are crucial to studying its physicochemical properties. Motivated by the published discrepancies about the best deprotonation routes in Bd, this work explores all possible pathways for proton extractions on that molecule, by using the direct approach method based on pKa. The complete space of exploration is supported by a linear relation with constant slope, where the pKa is written in terms of the associated deprotonated molecule energy. The deprotonation rounds 1, …, 6 define groups of parallel linear models with constant slope. The intercepts of the models just depend on the protonated energy for each round, and then the pKa can be trivially ordered and explained by the energy. We use the direct approximation method to obtain the value of pKa. We predict all possible outcomes based on a linear model of the energy and some related verified assumptions. We also include a new measure of similarity or dissimilarity between the protonated and deprotonated molecules, via a geometric-chemical descriptor called the Riemann-Mulliken distance (RMD). The RMD considers the cartesian coordinates of the atoms, the atomic mass, and the Mulliken charges. After exploring the complete set of permutations, we show that the successive deprotonation process does not inherit the local energy minimum and that the commutativity of the paths does not hold either. The resulting clusterization of pKa can be explained by the local acid and basic groups of the BD, and the successive deprotonation can be predicted by using the chemical explained linear models, which can avoid unnecessary optimizations. Another part of the research uses our own algorithm based on shape theory to determine the protein's active site automatically, and molecular dynamics confirmed the results of the molecular docking of Bd in protonated and anionic form with the enzyme aldose reductase (AR). Also, we calculate the descriptors associated with the SET and SPLET mechanisms.

Computing the Volume, Surface Area, Mean, and Gaussian Curvatures of Molecules and Their Derivatives.

Geometry is crucial in our efforts to comprehend the structures and dynamics of biomolecules. For example, volume, surface area, and integrated mean and Gaussian curvature of the union of balls representing a molecule are used to quantify its interactions with the water surrounding it in the morphometric implicit solvent models. The Alpha Shape theory provides an accurate and reliable method for computing these geometric measures. In this paper, we derive homogeneous formulas for the expressions of these measures and their derivatives with respect to the atomic coordinates, and we provide algorithms that implement them into a new software package, AlphaMol. The only variables in these formulas are the interatomic distances, making them insensitive to translations and rotations. AlphaMol includes a sequential algorithm and a parallel algorithm. In the parallel version, we partition the atoms of the molecule of interest into 3D rectangular blocks, using a kd-tree algorithm. We then apply the sequential algorithm of AlphaMol to each block, augmented by a buffer zone to account for atoms whose ball representations may partially cover the block. The current parallel version of AlphaMol leads to a 20-fold speed-up compared to an independent serial implementation when using 32 processors. For instance, it takes 31 s to compute the geometric measures and derivatives of each atom in a viral capsid with more than 26 million atoms on 32 Intel processors running at 2.7 GHz. The presence of the buffer zones, however, leads to redundant computations, which ultimately limit the impact of using multiple processors. AlphaMol is available as an OpenSource software.

Comparison of proper shape and proper shape over finite coverings

The theory of proper shape over finite coverings, defined in [8], uses only finite coverings to compare noncompact spaces. In this paper we investigate the relations between this theory and the proper shape defined by Ball and Sherr in [3]. We show that if two spaces have same proper shape they belong to the same class in theory of proper shape over finite coverings, but the opposite doesn?t hold in general.

The Impact of Siblings on Executive Functioning and Theory of Mind in Children

The impact of siblings on the executive functioning and theory of mind in children is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon. Siblings have the potential to influence each other’s cognitive development through various forms of interaction, such as negotiation, cooperation, and conflicts. This paper summarizes the relationship between siblings, executive functioning, and theory of mind through reviewing previous research. It discusses whether siblings directly contribute to changes in executive functioning and theory of mind or if other factors, such as age difference and gender, play a role. This article discusses the importance of identifying the significant role of siblings in shaping executive functioning and theory of mind and provides an overview of research findings and potential influencing factors. By focusing on processes influenced by older siblings, this review article will provide a deeper understanding of how sibling interactions may impact younger children’s cognitive functioning. Future research should encompass different cultural backgrounds, socioeconomic statuses, and family structures to increase generalizability and can help to understand the contexts of the correlation between siblings and cognitive functioning.

Preface

Selected papers from the 25th edition of the International Conference on Spectral Line Shapes (ICSLS 2022) The 25th edition of the International Conference on Spectral Line Shapes (ICSLS 2022) was held inside the wonderful Monumental Complex of Belvedere di San Leucio, in Caserta, south of Italy, from 19 to 24 June 2022. Initially scheduled for June 2020, it was postponed by two years due to the COVID-19 pandemic.ICSLS 2022 has brought together, in person, researchers from universities and institutions to stimulate new activities in those fields in which the analysis of spectral line shapes is of the utmost importance, including atomic and molecular physics, precision spectroscopy and fundamental metrology, plasma physics, astronomical spectroscopy, spectroscopy of planetary atmospheres and exoplanets, applications of spectroscopy to environmental, medical and industrial domains. There have been roughly 70 participants from 18 different countries, including Brazil, England, France, Germany, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Latvia, Poland, Sweden, and USA. The scientific programme of the Conference consisted of 17 invited lectures, 28 selected talks and 29 poster presentations organised into two poster sessions. All contributions were distributed among the following seven Sessions:- Fundamental tests and measurements;- Laboratory and astrophysical plasmas;- Line shape theory and experiments;- Innovative methods;- Environmental spectroscopy;- Molecular parameters;- Earth and Planetary atmospheres.Regardless of the Session, the average quality of the presentations was very high.List of 25th International Conference on Spectral Line Shapes, International Program Committee, Local Organising Committee are available in this pdf.

Introducing the Role of Shaping Order K in Set Shaping Theory

Introducing the Role of Shaping Order K in Set Shaping Theory

Shape Theory Applied to Molecular Docking and Automatic Localization of Ligand Binding Pockets in Large Proteins.

Automatic search of cavities and binding mode analysis between a ligand and a 3D protein receptor are challenging problems in drug design or repositioning. We propose a solution based on a shape theory theorem for an invariant coupled system of ligand-protein. The theorem provides a matrix representation with the exact formulas to be implemented in an algorithm. The method involves the following results: (1) exact formulae for the shape coordinates of a located-rotated invariant coupled system; (2) a parameterized search based on a suitable domain of van der Waals radii; (3) a scoring function for the discrimination of sites by measuring the distance between two invariant coupled systems including the atomic mass; (4) a matrix representation of the Lennard-Jones potential type 6-12 and 6-10 as the punctuation function of the algorithm for a molecular docking; and (5) the optimal molecular docking as a solution of an optimization problem based on the exploration of an exhaustive set of rotations. We apply the method in the xanthine oxidase protein with the following ligands: hypoxanthine, febuxostat, and chlorogenic acid. The results show automatic cavity detection and molecular docking not assisted by experts with meaningful amino acid interactions. The method finds better affinities than the expert software for known published cavities.

PROSES PENCIPTAAN TARI RAJO MEDDAL DI KABUPATEN LAMPUNG UTARA

This study revealed several problems including about dance forms Rajo Meddal and the creative process of the creation of Rajo Meddal dance. The method used is qualitative with the stage of collecting data through observation, interview and literature study. Data analysis techniques include data reduction, data presentation and data verification/conclusion. This study uses a theory of shape by Suzanne K. Langer and to outline the aspects of the shape using the theory of Y. Sumandiyo Hadi, then the theory of creation by F.X. Widaryanto as well as theory about the factors that affect the process of creation by Alma Hawkins. The results showed that dance Rajo Meddal is a dance creations manifold groups that were created in 2019, and is inspired from the legend of rato nago. The form of Rajo Meddal dance consist of dance structure, and elements dance composer. The process of the creation of Rajo Meddal dance includes the exploration stage is the process of thinking and imagination as well as search motion based motion traditional dance, stage improvisation is the process of finding the motion or search for new motions, and phase composition is the process of merging the motion be the motion of the dance intact. The factors that affect the process of creation includes internal factors and external factors.

Stochastic exciton-scattering theory of optical line shapes: Renormalized many-body contributions.

Spectral line shapes provide a window into the local environment coupled to a quantum transition in the condensed phase. In this paper, we build upon a stochastic model to account for non-stationary background processes produced by broad-band pulsed laser stimulation, as distinguished from those for stationary phonon bath. In particular, we consider the contribution of pair-fluctuations arising from the full bosonic many-body Hamiltonian within a mean-field approximation, treating the coupling to the system as a stochastic noise term. Using the Itô transformation, we consider two limiting cases for our model, which lead to a connection between the observed spectral fluctuations and the spectral density of the environment. In the first case, we consider a Brownian environment and show that this produces spectral dynamics that relax to form dressed excitonic states and recover an Anderson-Kubo-like form for the spectral correlations. In the second case, we assume that the spectrum is Anderson-Kubo like and invert to determine the corresponding background. Using the Jensen inequality, we obtain an upper limit for the spectral density for the background. The results presented here provide the technical tools for applying the stochastic model to a broad range of problems.

Chanalyzer: A Computational Geometry Approach for the Analysis of Protein Channel Shape and Dynamics.

Morphological analysis of protein channels is a key step for a thorough understanding of their biological function and mechanism. In this respect, molecular dynamics (MD) is a very powerful tool, enabling the description of relevant biological events at the atomic level, which might elude experimental observations, and pointing to the molecular determinants thereof. In this work, we present a computational geometry-based approach for the characterization of the shape and dynamics of biological ion channels or pores to be used in combination with MD trajectories. This technique relies on the earliest works of Edelsbrunner and on the NanoShaper software, which makes use of the alpha shape theory to build the solvent-excluded surface of a molecular system in an aqueous solution. In this framework, a channel can be simply defined as a cavity with two entrances on the opposite sides of a molecule. Morphological characterization, which includes identification of the main axis, the corresponding local radius, and the detailed description of the global shape of the cavity, is integrated with a physico-chemical description of the surface facing the pore lumen. Remarkably, the possible existence or temporary appearance of fenestrations from the channel interior towards the outer lipid matrix is also accounted for. As a test case, we applied the present approach to the analysis of an engineered protein channel, the mechanosensitive channel of large conductance.

SNR Enhancement of Direct Absorption Spectroscopy Utilizing an Improved Particle Swarm Algorithm

A noise elimination method based on an improved particle swarm algorithm is applied to direct absorption spectroscopy. The algorithm combines the theory of spectral line shape to calculate a fitness function according to the original spectra. Comparing the particles and the fitness function to calculate the updating direction, and position of particles, the iterative update finally finds the optimal solution. The algorithm is applied to direct absorption spectroscopy to measure methane; compared with the signal without algorithm processing, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is improved by 4.17 times, and the minimum detection limit in the experiment is 15.3 ppb. R2 = 0.9999 is calculated in the calibration experiment, and the error is less than 0.1 ppm in the repeatability experiment of constant methane at 2 ppm concentration.

FORMATION OF ECONOMIC EDUCATION IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN

In modern conditions of the development of society and the formation of a market economy, the success of each person, and hence the prosperity of society as a whole, is possible only if the majority of people consciously, based on traditions and personal experience, act in accordance with objectively existing laws. To ensure their future in the new market conditions, completely new requirements are being put forward for preparing the future generation to participate in production and forming a willingness to be included in modern forms of economic relations, which is possible subject to studying the theory and practice of economics and shaping the economic thinking of the younger generation. This is also indicated in the concept of economic education in a secondary vocational school.

A dynamical approach to shape


 In this paper we will discuss a dynamical approach to an open problem from shape theory.
 We will address the problem in compact metric spaces using the notion of Lebesgue number for a covering and the intrinsic approach to strong shape.

Enriched Pro-Categories and Shapes

Given a category C and a directed partially ordered set J, a certain category proJ-C on inverse systems in C is constructed such that the ordinary pro-category pro-C is the most special case of a singleton J ≡ {1}. Further, the known pro*-category pro*-C becomes proN-C. Moreover, given a pro-reflective category pair (C, D), the J-shape category ShJ(C, D) and the corresponding J-shape functor SJ are constructed which, in mentioned special cases, become the well known ones. Among several important properties, the continuity theorem for a J-shape category is established. It implies the “J-shape theory” is a genuine one such that the shape and the coarse shape theory are its very special instances.