Wave Shape Research Articles

Numerical simulation and experimental study on forming of pentaprism directional MEFP

Explosively formed projectile (EFP) has the advantages of high flight speed, high burst height, insensitivity to initial velocity, etc. To study the forming performance of multiple explosively formed projectile (MEFP) and to analyze the factors influencing the forming results. A directional pentagonal prism MEFP with five liners is proposed in this paper. Experiments were conducted to validate the performance of this MEFP. The experimental results show that the generated EFPs have high flight speeds. However, the EFP hit position on the target plate was offset, causing multiple positional penetrations. To analyze the causes of the phenomenon, a numerical simulation model of directional MEFP is established and the forming process of MEFP is numerically simulated. The simulation results indicate that the EFP fracture occurs during the forming process due to the asymmetric detonation wave, and its tail cannot be fully closed. Combined with the numerical simulation and experimental results, the forming performance of the liners used in the MEFP has been further developed. Further analysis was carried out on the effect of liner thickness and height on forming performance. It can be seen that as the thickness of the liners increases, the length of the head of EFP increase, the incidence of EFP tail fracture decreased, the aspect ratio increases and the EFP velocity decrease. As the height of the MEFP increases, the velocity of the EFP increases, the head ratio increases, the shape of the detonation wave tends to be symmetrical, and the tendency of the EFP to appear as an unclosed tail decreases.

Optical soliton solutions and modulation instability for unstable conformable Schrödinger model

The unstable time fractional Schrödinger model (UTFSM) is studied through the development of disturbances in marginally stable or unstable media. A modified Sardar-sub equation technique (MSSE) for a conformable fractional-order nonlinear evolution model is presented in this paper. The objective here is to construct new wave solutions for UTFSM. These solutions have particular relevance in quantum physics and assume several forms such as rational, exponential, trigonometric and hyperbolic functions, as well as combo solutions. This technique produces various shapes of dark, kink-type solitons and periodic solitary waves by setting proper parametric values. These discrete physical frameworks contribute to an understanding from analysis of unstable dynamical models. Additionally, we investigate modulation instability and stability analysis to ensure that obtained solutions are highly stable. The multiplicity of waves and solutions emphasizes how this technique can be used for different nonlinear fractional models in quantum physics and other areas.

AMÉLIORATION DE LA CORRECTION DU FACTEUR DE PUISSANCE DANS UN CONVERTISSEUR AC-DC AVEC UN CIRCUIT BOOST-FLYBACK INTÉGRÉ

Due to advancements in semiconductor technology, modern controllers, and nonlinear characteristics, loads are increasingly used in industrial applications. Because of nonlinear traits, harmonics are introduced in the main supply, and the supply current is distorted. Numerous power factor correction (PFC) converter topologies are established for proper wave shaping. The integration of conventional PFC converters produces superior results in high voltage on the output side and improves efficiency. A single-stage boost flyback integrated PFC converter is investigated in this paper, which provides high efficiency, high output voltage, and less voltage stress. This converter uses a lesser number of components, which results in a compact size and low cost. The enhancement of power factor, efficiency, and wave shaping of the current waveform is realized through various control techniques. A novel current sensorless control for the integrated topology is investigated, and it is shown that it provides better total harmonic distortion and current wave shaping than other control techniques. A 48 W, 12/48 V prototype model is implemented to validate the simulation results practically.

Mathematical modeling of creeping electromagnetohydrodynamic peristaltic propulsion in an annular gap between sinusoidally deforming permeable and impermeable curved tubes

The present work investigates the creeping peristaltic propulsion of viscid fluid in an annular gap between sinusoidally deforming permeable and impermeable curved tubes of similar shape under the influence of an externally imposed electric and magnetic field. In this model, the outer tube with a permeable wall surface is supposed to satisfy the Saffman slip condition. The flow equations are simplified by the estimation of a large wavelength in comparison with the radius of the external tube. An analytical solution for the axial velocity is obtained in the computational software MATHEMATICA. Graphical analyses are conducted to explore the variations in wall shear stress, velocity, pressure rise, frictional force, and stream function with respect to different emergent parameters, providing insight into the underlying physics of the flow phenomena. An investigation of the effects of the Hartmann number and electric field strength on the flow through a gap between deformable tubes with curved structures has important implications for a variety of engineering applications, including mechanical and biomedical engineering. The streamlines are plotted to discuss fluid trapping and visualize the flow pattern of the viscid fluid inside the curved annular domain. A comparative analysis of fluid transport induced by sinusoidal, triangular, trapezoidal, and square wave shapes is encountered with the help of streamlined contour diagrams. The comparison of pressure gradients in three different models is also discussed to gain insight due to fluid–structure interaction. A gap in the body of recently published literature is filled by the results discussed in this paper.

Experimental study of sloshing flows in a rectangular tank under coupled pitch and heave excitations

Sloshing in partially filled containers under external forces has significant implications across industries like aerospace and oil and gas transportation. The present study aims to explore the influence of the first and second order Faraday waves on both resonant and non-resonant pitch sloshing, as well as the effects of coupled resonance. Laboratory experiments were conducted to analyze sloshing impact pressures and record wave elevations, delving into how Faraday waves alter wave shapes and impact pressure dynamics, especially in shallow water conditions. Key findings reveal significant effects of Faraday waves on both resonant and off-resonant pitch excitation. In shallow water, the presence of the first mode Faraday wave leads to reduced pressure through upward-deflected breaking impact waves, while the second mode Faraday wave intensifies impact pressure by generating flip-through waves carrying substantial energy before impacting the sidewall. Furthermore, the study explores the interaction between pitch and heave excitations, revealing how combined resonance affects sloshing behavior. Coupled-resonant sloshing waves induce periodic pressure behavior due to energy dissipations, providing insights into the complex dynamics of sloshing flows under various excitations, crucial for optimizing design and ensuring safety in engineering applications.

Design and additive manufacturing of bionic hybrid structure inspired by cuttlebone to achieve superior mechanical properties and shape memory function

Lightweight porous materials with high load-bearing, damage tolerance and energy absorption (EA) as well as intelligence of shape recovery after material deformation are beneficial and critical for many applications, e.g. aerospace, automobiles, electronics, etc. Cuttlebone produced in the cuttlefish has evolved vertical walls with the optimal corrugation gradient, enabling stress homogenization, significant load bearing, and damage tolerance to protect the organism from high external pressures in the deep sea. This work illustrated that the complex hybrid wave shape in cuttlebone walls, becoming more tortuous from bottom to top, creates a lightweight, load-bearing structure with progressive failure. By mimicking the cuttlebone, a novel bionic hybrid structure (BHS) was proposed, and as a comparison, a regular corrugated structure and a straight wall structure were designed. Three types of designed structures have been successfully manufactured by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) with NiTi powder. The LPBF-processed BHS exhibited a total porosity of 0.042% and a good dimensional accuracy with a peak deviation of 17.4 μm. Microstructural analysis indicated that the LPBF-processed BHS had a strong (001) crystallographic orientation and an average size of 9.85 μm. Mechanical analysis revealed the LPBF-processed BHS could withstand over 25 000 times its weight without significant deformation and had the highest specific EA value (5.32 J·g−1) due to the absence of stress concentration and progressive wall failure during compression. Cyclic compression testing showed that LPBF-processed BHS possessed superior viscoelastic and elasticity energy dissipation capacity. Importantly, the uniform reversible phase transition from martensite to austenite in the walls enables the structure to largely recover its pre-deformation shape when heated (over 99% recovery rate). These design strategies can serve as valuable references for the development of intelligent components that possess high mechanical efficiency and shape memory capabilities.

High‐Resolution Carbon‐Based Tactile Sensor Array for Dynamic Pulse Imaging

AbstractWith the development of modern medicine, the importance of continuous and reliable pulse wave monitoring has increased significantly in physiological evaluation and disease diagnosis. Among them, the 3D reconstruction of the pulse wave is indispensable, and needs rely on ultra‐high resolution sensor arrays, that is, high spatial resolution, temporal resolution, and force resolution. Herein, a flexible high‐density 32 × 32 tactile sensor array based on pressure‐sensitive tunneling mechanism is develpoed. Conformal graphene nanowalls (GNWs) pattern arrays are deposited on micro‐pyramidal structural Si substrate via mask‐assisted plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) method and are adopted as pressure‐sensitive electrode, exhibiting a spatial resolution of 64 dots/cm2, high sensitivity (222.36 kPa−1) and short response time (2 ms). More importantly, HfO2 tunneling layer can effectively suppress noise current, which made it sense weak pressure signals with 1/1000 force resolution and SNR of 36.32 dB. By leveraging its high‐resolution array, more holistic pulse signals are acquired and the 3D shape of the pulse wave are successfully replicated. This work shows high‐resolution sensors have significant promise for applications in remote intelligent diagnostics.

USE OF GPR TECHNOLOGIES IN THE ROAD CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

The article continues the study on determining the possibility of applying ground penetrating radar (GPR) technologies in the road construction industry. The authors conduct research using an antenna unit that registers the cross-polarisation component of the reflected signal. In this case, processing the obtained radar images comes down to subtracting two mutually orthogonal components of the signal, which allows the determination of areas of the environment with anisotropic properties. Identifying and positioning extraneous inclusions, finding communications, and determining the location of reinforcement in roadway and bridge structures are relevant tasks. Their solution lies in studying the phenomenon of wave diffraction on extraneous inclusions of the investigated environment. Metal inclusions of different diameters are distinctly visible on radar images obtained during laboratory research. The laboratory studies conducted by the authors showed that the shape and nature of the hyperbola of the diffracted wave significantly depend on the object’s depth, diameter, and material. Therefore, further research in this direction should aim at studying the shape of the diffracted wave, which ultimately allows for judging the depth of occurrence and the diameter of a local extraneous inclusion. When finding and identifying reinforcement in structural layers of road surfaces and elements of bridges, difficulties arise due to the spacing of the reinforcing mesh. With a small reinforcing mesh spacing, when the wavelength is longer than the spacing, the reflections from the adjacent reinforcement bars merge into a common continuous boundary and make the lower layers of the structure almost indistinguishable. Solving the mentioned difficulties is possible by improving the equipment base and the algorithms for processing and interpreting the received radar images. Completed theoretical studies and computational experiments allow us to state that the development of road surface thickness measurement and defect detection techniques will become the basis of the road surface monitoring system using the subsurface geolocation method. Keywords: ground penetrating radar, radar image, road surface, dielectric constant, defect detection, thickness measurement, local inclusions.

Wave Shape Evolution from a Phase-Averaged Spectral Model

In spectral wave models, the nonlinear triad source term accounts for the transfer of energy to the bound higher harmonics. This paper presents an extension to commonly used spectral models that resolves the evolution of the bound wave energy by keeping track of the energy that has been bound by the triad interactions. This extension is referred to as the bound wave evolution (BWE) model. From this, the spatial evolution of the bound wave height is obtained, which serves as a proxy for the nonlinear wave shape. The accuracy of these bound wave heights, and thus wave shape predictions, is highly dependent on the accuracy of the triad source term. Therefore, in this study, the capability of the LTA and SPB triad formulations to capture the growth of the bound wave height is evaluated. For both of these formulations, it is found that slope dependent calibration parameters are required. Overall, despite being computationally more expensive, the SPB method proves to be significantly more accurate in predicting the bound wave evolution. In the shoaling zone, where the bound wave energy is dominated by triads, the BWE model is well capable of predicting the nonlinear wave’s shape. In the surf zone, however, where a combination of triads and wave breaking control the spectral evolution, the BWE model over-predicts the bound wave height. Nevertheless, this paper shows the promising capabilities of spectral models to predict the nonlinear wave shape.

A new least squares error based method for accurate phasor estimation of fault currents in series-compensated transmission lines

Phasor estimation of the fundamental component of the fault current is of great importance for the fault location unit in distance relays. In series-compensated transmission lines, the transient component of the fault current may appear in the complicated wave shape of an exponential-sinusoidal function. Thus, phasor estimation is a major challenge owing to the fact that more unknown parameters should be found, especially during off-nominal frequency conditions. Therefore, in this paper, a new method is put forward, on the strength of the least squares error (LSE), in order to accurately estimate the fundamental component phasor of the fault current in a series-compensated transmission line for off-nominal frequency conditions. The performance of the established method is also investigated through extensive simulation studies, taking care of different fundamental components, harmonic contents, and transient components. Moreover, the performance of the proposed method is evaluated for off-nominal frequencies. The results obtained in this study demonstrate that the mean absolute error of the estimated amplitude and phase for the fundamental component is less than 1% and 1°, respectively. Furthermore, the accuracy of the proposed method is not affected by the noise up to a signal-to-noise ratio of 30 dB. Thus, the established method is capable to effectively be employed for the phasor estimation in fault location applications.

Evaluation of vasovagal tonus index and electrocardiographic parameters in horses using a new modified base apex lead method.

Vasovagal tonus index (VVTI) serves as a straightforward assessment tool for autonomic function during both physiological and pathological conditions, including pregnancy, in horses. Obtaining VVTI through a modified base apex lead system could be a practical and comfortable solution. In this study, we assessed VVTI in horses with respect to training status and electrocardiographic measurements utilizing a novel modified base apex lead technique. A total of 12 Thai native crossbred horses and 12 Arabian horses, all free of cardiac abnormalities, were enrolled in the study. Animals underwent electrocardiogram (ECG) and VVTI using both the base-apex lead method and its modified version. 25 mm/s and 10 mm/mV ECG recordings provided standard bipolar limb leads. The amplitudes and durations of P waves, QRS complexes, PR interval, QT interval, and T duration were assessed. The T wave's shape was examined. Each recording's R-R interval was utilized to assess heart rate. Twenty consecutive beats were used to compute the variability of heart rate (VVTI). The P wave amplitude was the only significant difference (p < 0.05) between the base apex lead method and the modified base apex lead method, with no variations in heart rate, P duration, PR interval, T duration, and QRS duration and amplitude. Both methods showed mainly biphasic T wave patterns. The VVTI values of all horses did not differ significantly between the base apex and modified base apex methods. There was no significant difference in VVTI between Thai crossbred horses and Arabian horses in either method. This study provided the first evidence that VVTI can be evaluated using the modified base apex lead system and may be useful for cardiovascular function monitoring in horses.

Mathematical-Physics Analyses of the Nozzle Shaping at the Aperture Gas Outlet into Free Space under ESEM Pressure Conditions.

The paper presents a methodology that combines experimental measurements and mathematical-physics analyses to investigate the flow behavior in a nozzle-equipped aperture associated with the solution of its impact on electron beam dispersion in an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM). The shape of the nozzle significantly influences the character of the supersonic flow beyond the aperture, especially the shape and type of shock waves, which are highly dense compared to the surrounding gas. These significantly affect the electron scattering, which influences the resulting image. This paper analyzes the effect of aperture and nozzle shaping under specific low-pressure conditions and its impact on the electron dispersion of the primary electron beam.

A Fundamental Study on Inter-Array Cabling Methods Between Two Floating Offshore Wind Turbines in Shallow Waters

As the transition to renewable energy accelerates, interest in wind farms is heightening. There is a need to safely and economically transport energy produced from Floating Offshore Wind Turbines (FOWTs) to the shore. Consequently, this study conducted an analysis of inter-array cabling methods between two FOWTs in shallow waters, targeting the southwestern sea of South Korea. This research targeted four shapes of dynamic power cables: free hanging catenary, lazy wave shape, suspended and W-configuration type. To verify the economy of the dynamic power cable, the total lengths were compared, and to check safety, curvature and tension were examined. Insights obtained through this study indicate that among the four shapes of dynamic power cables, the lazy wave shape has substantial advantages in shallow waters.

Torque ripple reduction by optimizing magnet shape using GA in axial gap motor

This paper proposes a method to reduce torque ripple in axial gap motors by multi objective optimization of permanent magnets (PMs) shape using genetic algorithm (GA). Torque ripple is a problem because it causes vibration and noise. Conventionally, torque ripple has been reduced by quantitatively designing the PMs in the shape of multiplicative wave. However, it is difficult to optimize the objective function only by quantitative evaluation through sensitivity analysis. Therefore, in this study, the functions constituting the PMs interface shape are expressed as a Fourier-based series. The PMs is optimized by optimizing combination of their coefficients with GA. As a result, the proposed model is almost equal to the average torque of the basic model and the torque ripple is significantly reduced. Furthermore, fillets are applied and the effect on each characteristic is verified.

Stress-Strain State of Steel Fiber-Reinforced Concrete under Compression Taking into Account Unloading from Inelastic Region

The purpose of the study is to examine the physical and mechanical characteristics of steel fiber-reinforced concrete under compression, including: modulus of elasticity, Poisson ratio, values of ultimate strains under compression, values of compressive strength with different percentages of dispersed reinforcement. An experimental investigation program, which included the production of cube samples measuring 100×100×100 mm, as well as a compression test under static loading, taking into account unloading from the region of inelastic deformations, was developed and carried out. Two types of steel fiber were chosen as dispersed reinforcement: hooked end and wave shape. The volume content of steel fiber in the cube samples was 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 %. As a result of the investigation, the strength and deformation characteristics of steel fiber reinforced concrete under compression were obtained. Based on the experimental data, actual strain diagrams of steel fiber reinforced concrete were constructed, taking into account the type of reinforcing fibers and the percentage of reinforcing fiber. Based on the obtained diagrams, a law of deformation of steel fiber reinforced concrete is proposed, which can be described by a polynomial function of the fourth order with constant coefficients that determine the shape of the stress-strain curve. The presented research results can be used in developing a methodology for physically nonlinear analysis of steel fiber reinforced concrete elements with a percentage of dispersed reinforcement from 0.5 to 2.0 %.

Lump Kink interactional and breather-type waves solutions of (3+1)-dimensional shallow water wave dynamical model and its stability with applications

The shallow water equations are used to describe the behavior of water waves in various shallow regions such as coastal areas, lakes, rivers, etc. These equations are derived by making simplifying assumptions about the water depth relative to the wavelength of the waves. In this paper, the generalized exponential rational function method (gERFM) is used to construct novel wave solutions of the (3+1)-dimensional shallow water wave ((3+1)-dSWW) dynamical model. These solutions encompass distinct kinds of waves, such as solitary waves, solitons, Kink and anti-kink solitons, lump Kink interactional waves, traveling breathers-type waves and multi-peak solitons. The dynamical behavior of these wave solutions is discussed, examining the influence of free parameters on the resulting wave shapes. Furthermore, to provide a scientific elucidation of the obtained results, the solutions are presented graphically, making it easy to distinguish the dynamical features, which have practical implications in different areas of applied sciences and engineering. The stability of this dynamical model is revealed via modulational instability analysis, signifying that all analytical results are stable. The obtained results show that the given technique is universal and efficient. Through comparing the projected technique with the existing techniques, the obtained results demonstrate that the given technique is universal, pithy and efficient.

Electro-dewatering performance of sewage sludge under interrupted pulsating voltage: A comparison between square shape and half-sine shape waveform

Electro-dewatering of sewage sludge with pulsating voltage was conducted under the two different wave shapes (square wave (SQW) and half-sine wave (HSW)) to investigate the influence of wave shape and duty cycle on sludge dewatering performance. The results indicated that, under the same average voltage, the moisture content of dewatered sludge with HSW was 10.3%–35.4% lower than that with SQW, suggesting the better dewatering performance of HSW. The optimal dewatering performance was achieved at duty cycle of 80% for SQW and 60% for SHW. The chemical oxygen demand of filtrate from HSW could be 13% higher than that from SQW, indicating the higher capacity of HSW in breaking sludge cells/floc structure. The applied voltage during electrochemical treatment promoted the hydrolysis of protein in filtrate, and the main components in the electro-dewatered filtrate were fulvic acid- and humic acid-like substances. The specific energy consumption for sludge electro-dewatering were 0.015–0.269 kWh/(kg removed water), and it was almost in linear relationship with duty cycle. By overall considering the energy consumption and electro-dewatering performance, the condition of 60% duty cycle with HSW was obviously better than other conditions, which provides a meaningful guidance for future application of sludge electro-dewatering technology with pulsating voltage.

Research on the crack formation mechanism of shaped charge blasting and the new dual-shaped charge blasting technology

Shaped charges are extensively utilized in various rock engineering fields for directional fracturing. Numerous scholars have conducted extensive research on this topic, yielding significant results and widespread application in engineering projects. Efforts have focused on improving the directional fracture effects and fully utilizing the energy generated by the explosion to enhance the directional blasting effects of shaped charges and minimize damage to the rock mass in areas not targeted by the shaped energy. This approach aims to preserve the integrity and stability of the rock mass in the areas unaffected by the directional fracture, thereby reducing damage to the surrounding rock. This study builds on the foundations of explosion mechanics. It incorporates a novel digital laser dynamic caustic line experiment system and pressure fields, and numerical analysis techniques. The research systematically analyzes the process of explosive action in shaped charges and proposes a new type of dual polymer charge. This novel charge is compared to traditional and common charges. The findings revealed that, compared to standard-shaped charges, the new dual-shaped charge achieves a more effective directional fracturing, The rock damage is less in the direction of non-gathering energy. Under the conditions of the same amount of explosive and the same decoupling coefficient, The crack propagation length of common charge is 1.34 times of the diameter of the gun hole, the crack propagation length of shaped charge is 10.17 times of the hole diameter, The crack propagation length of the new dual-charge is 19.67 times of the hole diameter. HIGHLIGHTS In this paper, a new type of dual-charge is proposed. The findings revealed that, compared to standard-shaped charges, the new dual-shaped charge achieves a more effective directional fracturing, The rock damage is less in the direction of non-gathering energy. Under the conditions of the same amount of explosive and the same decoupling coefficient, The crack propagation length of common charge is 1.34 times of the diameter of the gun hole, the crack propagation length of shaped charge is 10.17 times of the hole diameter, The crack propagation length of the new dual-charge is 19.67 times of the hole diameter. 1.Following the charge explosion, influenced by the shaped charge tube, the detonation wave and explosive gas alter, expanding outward in an approximate "elliptical" shape. The explosion stress field distribution is approximately "one"-shaped in the direction of energy concentration. The primary explosive crack expands along the direction of energy accumulation, while the secondary cracks predominantly distribute in the perpendicular direction. The seam width and the transmission coefficient (material) influence the condenser’s concentration effect. 2.Compared to ordinary charge blasting, shaped charge blasting exerts a pronounced guiding effect on the explosion stress field. The stress field primarily transfers along the direction of energy concentration, with the stress being markedly greater in this direction than in the direction of non-concentrated energy. In comparison, dual charge blasting undergoes two convergence effects, with longer durations and distances of convergent action. The stress field generated by dual-charge blasting is significantly greater than that of the shaped and common charges, offering enhanced effects. 3.Agglomeration length is a crucial factor in the agglomeration effect. Explosion energy directly transfers to the solid medium via the coalseam, minimizing explosion energy loss in the air medium and controlling the detonation wave shape and explosive gas flow in the energy accumulation direction, resembling "one." The dipolymer charge notably extends crack propagation length in the polymer direction and mitigates damage in the non-polymer direction.

Accurate detection method of traveling wave shape based on EEMD and L1 norm regularization

Aiming at the problem of waveform distortion of the secondary traveling wave obtained from the primary traveling wave signal transmitted by the voltage traveling wave sensor, an accurate detection method of voltage traveling wave based on ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) and L1 norm least squares regularization is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the forward transfer function model of the specialized voltage traveling wave sensor is established, and the inversion model is derived to analyze the phase frequency and amplitude frequency characteristics of the secondary traveling wave after transmission. EEMD is used to decompose the secondary traveling wave into the intrinsic modal function (IMF) components of different frequency bands. The L1 norm least square regularization inversion algorithm was used to invert each IMF component. Finally, the IMF' components after inversion are synthesized to obtain the primary traveling wave. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is not affected by noise, mode aliasing effect and regularization parameter accuracy, and the obtained waveform has high similarity to the simulated waveform, which enables precise identification of fault traveling wave.

Fluid-structure interaction dynamic analysis of large civil aircraft tank sloshing

To meet the requirements of passengers, the tank volume of large civil aircraft is gradually increasing, which brings certain risks. Under different 0 pertaining conditions during the flight, the liquid in the tank will cause structural failure and affect the aircraft’s safety. Therefore, based on the assumption of an ideal fluid, the smooth particle method (SPH) combined with the finite element method (FEM) is used to establish the coupling dynamic equation between the tank and the liquid. The effects of sloshing impact on the water tank under different filling rates were studied, and the influences of the water wave shape, the center of gravity shift, stress distribution, and deformation of the tank were obtained. The results show that the mass accumulation of water particles occurs in the acceleration stage, the relative center of gravity changes greatly in less water, and the accumulated liquid greatly influences the tank under the action of inertia. The more liquid in the tank is, the more the impact effect on the tank increases. The analysis results provide some reference for the analysis and design of tank anti-sway plates and flight attitude adjustment.