Shape Of Rod Research Articles

Investigation of molecular interactions between β-lactoglobulin and sugar beet pectin by multi-detection HPSEC

Molecular interactions between β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) and sugar beet pectin (SBP) were studied using online multi-detection high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) at neutral pH and 50mM ionic strength. The hydrodynamic properties of various interacting polymer fractions were characterized in detail and compared with those of β-LG and SBP. Results showed that ∼6.5% (w/w) of native dimeric β-LG molecules formed complexes with over 35% SBP molecules of varying sizes, 800, 110 and 75kDa. Although the β-LG molecules bind to SBP molecules of all sizes and shapes, they tend to favor the intermediate (110kDa) and small sized (75kDa) SBP molecules. All resulting complexes possess altered shapes and hydrodynamic properties when compared to unbound SBP and β-LG. About half of the interacting β-LG (∼3.5%) molecules were thought to bind to a small amount of non-covalently bound feruloyl groups, possibly present in SBP. When pre-heat treated β-LG and SBP were combined, more than 16% of β-LG formed complexes with at least 45% of SBP molecules of varying sizes, Mw∼750–800, 110, and 55–80kDa. The complexes formed between β-LG aggregates and/or oligomers and the large SBP molecules (750–800kDa) adopt the shape of β-LG aggregates, random coil. Both groups of complexes formed between β-LG intermediate (110kDa) and small sized (55–80kDa) SBP take on the shape of rigid rod. It was speculated that half of the interacting heat-treated β-LG molecules (∼8%) are complexed with non-covalently bound feruloyl groups in SBP.

Photocatalytic Activity of Titania Nanowire Arrays by Sol-Template Method

The template method combined with sol-dipping deposition or sol-electrophoresis was used to prepare titania (TiO2) nanowires with shape of rod or string of beads. When irradiated under ultraviolet (UV) light for 1 hour, the degradation rate of methyl orange (MO) using nanowire arrays reached 98.5% which was 1.84 times as much as that of the thin film on glass plate, and when irradiated under visible light for 6 hours, the degradation rate reached 96.7% which was 4.17 times as much as that of the thin film.

Preparation of Titania Nanowire Arrays by Sol-Template Method

The template method combined with sol-dipping deposition or sol-electrophoresis was used to prepare titania (TiO2) nanowires with shape of rod or string of beads. The SEM was used to characterize the surface and cross section of the TiO2nanowire arrays. With parallel orientation, the nanowires were uniformly distributed.

(2E)-1-(2-Methyl-4-phenylquinolin-3-yl)-3-(3-methylthiophen-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one

In the title compound, C24H19NOS, the quinoline residue (r.m.s. deviation = 0.018 Å) is essentially orthogonal to both the phenyl [dihedral angle = 88.95 (8)°] and 2-thienyl [81.98 (9)°] rings. The carbonyl O atom lies to one side of the quinoline plane, the carbonyl C atom is almost coplanar and the remaining atoms of the chalcone residue lies to the other side, so that overall the mol­ecule has an L-shape. The conformation about the ethyl­ene bond [1.340 (2) Å] is E. In the crystal, a supra­molecular chain with the shape of a square rod aligned along the b-axis direction is sustained by C—H⋯π inter­actions, the π-systems being the heterocyclic rings.

An Engineering Model for the Impact Breakup of the Space Target

To the question of the breakup of the space target impacted by projectile, an engineering model is developed. The space target characteristic is analyzed, and the target equivalent model is established based on the thin plate. The average size model for the impact fragment of thin plate is established depending on strain rate, fragments are discrete according to Poisson statistic and fragment distribution model is figured out. The length and velocity degraded model is set up against projectile with the shape of cylindrical rod. The simulation case is analyzed and the result indicates that the related models are effective, flexible and have important reference value.

The stability of the shape of an unattached elastic rod with stiff flanges on its ends

The stability of an unattached column consisting of an elastic rod with stiff flanges on its ends under longitudinal compression is investigated. The load under which the plane of the flange surface is tilted from the plane of the support surface is found. This tilting is accompanied by considerable rotation (reversing) of the flanges and corresponding bending of the rod axis. Abrupt replacement of the rectilinear or bent equilibrium shape by an equilibrium shape that is non-contiguous to it occurs. It is established that the columns behave differently when this a change in the equilibrium shape occurs, depending on the ratio of the length of the rod to the length of the flanges.

Influence of surface defects inherited by wire rod on the quality of cold-drawn wire

The factors that have the most influence on the drawing of high-carbon wire—the surface defects, shape, and storage of the wire rod employed—are discussed.

Development of a synthesis method of beryllides as advanced neutron multiplier for DEMO reactors

Advanced neutron multipliers with low swelling and high stability at high temperature are desired for pebble bed blankets, which will impact on the DEMO design features, especially blanket operating temperature. Among candidates for multiplier, beryllium intermetallic compounds (beryllides) are one of the most promising advanced neutron multipliers. In order to fabricate the beryllide pebble, beryllide with the shape of rod are necessary if a melting granulation method is applied. A plasma sintering method and a high-frequency heating method have been proposed as a new technique, because these methods are simple process and easy to control. A plasma sintering method for beryllide synthesis has been proposed as a new technique which uses a non-conventional consolidation process. The present paper describes beryllide synthesis results using this method for development of fabrication technique for a beryllide rod. It was clarified that the beryllide could be both synthesized and jointed with no variation of phase and hardness by the plasma sintering method. Additionally, trial synthesis of beryllide by a melting process using high-frequency heating was carried out. Although there were some pores in a melted ingot, beryllides could be also synthesized by this method.

ToPic – Empirically Establishing optimum Shape of Pmma Rod For Daylight Harvesting

ToPic – Empirically Establishing optimum Shape of Pmma Rod For Daylight Harvesting

Study on Driving Characteristics of Discrete Rod by Different Initiation Styles

Initiation style can affect detonation wave, with which the movement and shape of rod is controlled deeply. The driving characteristic of discrete rod is investigated numerically by finite element code. Four initiation styles are chosen to analyze the driving rule of the shape and velocity of discrete rod. According to those investigating results, side one-point initiation is the optimal style. In this condition, higher velocity and lower velocity margin are obtained, as well. Compared with other initiation styles, side one-point initiation can improve the damage ability about 10% for the certain requirement.

Needle-Like Mullite Ceramic Prepared by Sol-Gel Process

Using tetraethoxysilane, aluminum nitrate and aluminum fluoride as raw materials, the precursor of mullite was prepared by sol-gel process. When the precursor sintered at 1200°C, mullite ceramic was obtained. Differential thermal analysis, X-ray powder diffraction and scanning electron microscope were used to characterize the dried mullite gel and ceramic blocks. The results suggest mullite is synthesized by solid-phase reaction mechanism. X-ray powder diffraction indicates mullite is the main crystals phase in the ceramic specimen. SEM micrograph shows the mullite grains in the shape of short rod with length of 20 um when sintered at 1200 °C for 2 h and the grains grown up to acicular with length of more than 50 um when the treating time under 1200 °C achieved to 4 h.

A new type of daylight passive collector: The shaped refractor

In order to satisfy the requirements of energy-saving and lighting comfort in places which have no direct access to daylight through windows, it is possible to set up an optical rod daylighting system. However, there is no information as to how efficient such a system might be for the passive collection of daylight. This paper explores the possibility of increasing the passive collection of daylight through modifications to the shape of the acrylic rod at the collection area. As a result, an equation for the calculation of a shape that optimises the passive collection of daylight through refraction into the optical rod is developed. The shape depends on the latitude where the system is installed.

The Isolation and Purification of Sulfur Bacteria Originated from Stockpiling Area of Pyritic Smelting Solidwaste

It was found that there were some kinds of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria in the acidic mine water, and these bacteria could promote the dissolution behavior of heavy metals in the mining smelting waste slags. In this paper we collected a bacterium sample form a mining-water of an abandoned pyrite mine in the southwest of China and named it as FJ strain. We isolated and purified the FJ strain by 9K medium, and then made a primary identification of the purified strain. The FJ strain was gram-negative and in the shape of short rod. The strain was chemoautotrophic and aerobic bacterium, and it could oxidize the ferrous ion or the reduced sulfur as energy source to main the metabolism. The optimum growth temperature and pH is 30 °C and 2.0 separately. And we also found the strain had a considerable acid-producing ability and was eosinophilic. After a comparison and analysis, we confirmed that the physiological and biochemical characteristics of the isolated FJ strains were consistent with that of thiobacillus ferrooxidans, T ferroxidans for short. Therefore we drew a conclusion that the FJ strain we purified was just the target strains T ferrooxidans, the isolation-purification of the bacterium sample was successive.

Fabrication and properties of La modified AZO powders via a gaseous penetration processing

A new kind of AZO powders were synthesized by co-precipitation method with the doping content of Al was 3.0 wt%. Further modification of La to the powders was done via a gaseous penetration processing. Changes in constitution, structure, and electrical conductivity caused by doping and penetration were characterized. The doping of Al lowered the resistivity of AZO powders from over 1×10 14 (ZnO made domestically) to 4.24×10 7 Ω·cm. But more effective modification via gaseous penetration processing decreased the resistivity of La penetrated AZO powders to the lowest point of 2.45×10 5 Ω·cm. The optimal penetration conditions coordinated by orthogonal test were that La 3+ content of the penetration solvent was 2.0 wt.%, and that the penetration processing lasted for 5 h at the temperature of 480 °C. XRD analysis demonstrated that the doping process of Al only leaded to the changes of the peak width and intensity without new phases appearing. Yet, new phases appeared after the processing of gaseous penetration of La, which indicated that La enter the AZO powders thus complex reactions occurred to form the extra compounds. EDAX analysis, coupling with XRD, provided the evidence that La did exist in the penetrated AZO powders and the potential sign of the generation of extra compounds. Through SEM images, it was illustrated that the gaseous penetration processing progressed the growth of grain size in the shape of rod and generated distinguishable phases of extra compounds.

Elastic Tubes: Modeling Elastic Deformation of Hollow Tubes

Abstract The Cosserat theory of elastic rods has been used in a wide range of application domains to model and simulate the elastic deformation of thin rods. It is physically accurate and its implementations are efficient for interactive simulation. However, one requirement of using Cosserat rod theory is that the tubular object must have rigid cross‐sections that are small compared to its length. This requirement make it difficult for the approach to model elastic deformation of rods with large, non‐rigid cross‐sections that can change shape during rod deformation, in particular, hollow tubes. Our approach achieves this task using a hybrid model that binds a mesh elastically to a reference Cosserat rod. The mesh represents the surface of the hollow tube while the reference rod models bending, twisting, shearing and stretching of the tube. The cross‐sections of the tube may take on any arbitrary shape. The binding is established by a mapping between mesh vertices and the rod's directors. Deformation of the elastic tube is accomplished in two phases. First, the reference rod is deformed according to Cosserat theory. Next, the mesh is deformed using Laplacian deformation according to its mapping to the rod and its surface elastic energy. This hybrid approach allows the tube to deform in a physically correct manner in relation to the bending, twisting, shearing, and stretching of the reference rod. It also allows the surface to deform realistically and efficiently according to surface elastic energy and the shape of the reference rod. In this way, the deformation of elastic hollow tubes with large, non‐rigid cross‐sections can be simulated accurately and efficiently.

Lithuanian monetary silver ingots in Kernavė

Piniginiai lydiniai – tai vienas svarbiausių šaltinių, iliustruojančių prekybos pobūdį Lietuvos valstybėje iki pradedant kaldinti monetas. Tačiau tiek pusapvalės lazdelės formos lietuviškų ilgųjų (literatūroje vadinamų, kapomis, monetiniais lydiniais, grivinomis, rubliais), tiek kiek vėlyvesnių trikampio pjūvio lydinių dažniausiai būdavo aptinkama atsitiktinai, ne archeologinių tyrinėjimų metu. Lietuvos teritorijoje devintajame dešimtmetyje buvo žinomos dvidešimt keturios lietuviškų ilgųjų (Michelbertas, 1989, p. 31) ir aštuonios (viena abejotina) trikampio pjūvio lydinių radavietės (Duksa, 1981, p. 121–122). Pastarąjį dešimtmetį, ypač suaktyvėjus dažniausiai nelegalioms paieškoms naudojant metalo ieškiklius, piniginių lydinių ar jų fragmentų aptinkama kone kasmet. Informacijos apie šiuos radinius galima rasti interneto svetainėse, tačiau į mokslinę apyvartą ji įtraukiama labai retai. Kai kurie aptikti lydiniai pateko į muziejus. 2004–2005 m. Lietuvos banko muziejus nusipirko du pusapvalės lazdelės formos lydinius iš Kulautuvos (Kauno r.) lobio, du iš Kauno r. ? lobio ir devynis pusapvalės lazdelės formos lydinių fragmentus, rastus Kauno, Jonavos, Šakių rajonuose (Numizmatika, Nr. 6, p. 180, 182, 183, 1–2, 4–5 pav.). Tačiau paprastai tikslesnė šių radinių radavietė ir suradimo aplinkybės lieka neaiškios. Vieną pusapvalės formos lydinio fragmentą 2005 m. yra įsigijęs Lietuvos nacionalinis muziejus. Šis fragmentas buvo atsitiktinai surastas Jakštaičių kaime (Kaišiadorių r.) (Numizmatika, Nr. 6, p. 200, 16 pav.). Dvylika pusapvalės lazdelės formos lydinių iš Upytės (Panevėžio r.) lobio 2005 m. įsigijo Trakų istorijos muziejus (Numizmatika, Nr. 6, p. 244, 2 pav.). 2002 m. Kalnelio k. (Joniškio r.) gyventojo sklype aptiktas pusapvalės lazdelės formos sidabro lydinys pateko į Joniškio istorijos ir kultūros muziejų (Vasiliauskas, 2005, p. 319). [...]

On flat thin elastic rods with rapidly varying periodic characteristics

A thin elastic rod is considered on a plane. The free shape of the rod is described by a periodic curve. It is shown that, under constant loads, its equilibrium shape tends to the equilibrium shape of a thin rectilinear rod when the frequency of the function describing the free shape increases infinitely. The problem under study is solved on the basis of modeling the three-dimensional shapes of circular DNA molecules by a thin rectilinear elastic rod.

Existence of energy minimums for thin elastic rods in static helical configurations

We characterize families of solutions of the static Kirchhoff model of a thin elastic rod physically. These families, which are proved to exist, depend on the behavior of the so-called register and also on the radius and pitch. We describe the energy densities for each of the solutions in terms of the elastic properties and geometric shape of the unstrained rod, which allows determining the selection mechanism for the preferred helical configurations. This analysis promises to be a fundamental tool for understanding the close connection between the study of elastic deformations in thin rods and coarse-grained models with widespread applications in the natural sciences.

Does generalized elastica lead to bimodal optimal solutions?

This paper answers the following question. A compressed rod clamped at both ends is assumed to rotate with a constant angular velocity. In the sense of classical Bernoulli–Euler elastica theory, the shape of the lightest rod, stable against buckling, is bimodal (i.e. associated with two buckling modes). What will be the case if we introduce more physical information in the rod model by assuming that it can suffer not only flexure but also compression and shear?

Photochemical Synthesis of Gold Nanostructures in Different Solvents

Gold nanostructures were synthesized at room temperature under irradiation of a fluorescent lamp in mixture of gold seeds smaller than 10 nm, HAuCl4, and poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP). N,N'-dimethylformamide (DMF), water or ethylene glycol (EG) was used as solvent respectively. The products were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and absorption spectra, and the results indicated that under light irradiation at ambient, the reducibility of the three solvents for HAuCl4 ranked as: EG> water> DMF, all far weaker than that of PVP; PVP also prevented the nanostructures from precipitating; gold seeds seemed to impose an autocatalytic effect to facilitate the reduction of HAuCl4; light irradiation was essential for high-yield production of gold particles; the above factors influenced the morphology and size of the gold structures, and led to formation of particles within nano or micron scale in shape of spheroid, rod or plate.