Clothing Shape Research Articles

Sensitivity-optimized rigging for example-based real-time clothing synthesis

We present a real-time solution for generating detailed clothing deformations from pre-computed clothing shape examples. Given an input pose, it synthesizes a clothing deformation by blending skinned clothing deformations of nearby examples controlled by the body skeleton. Observing that cloth deformation can be well modeled with sensitivity analysis driven by the underlying skeleton, we introduce a sensitivity based method to construct a pose-dependent rigging solution from sparse examples. We also develop a sensitivity based blending scheme to find nearby examples for the input pose and evaluate their contributions to the result. Finally, we propose a stochastic optimization based greedy scheme for sampling the pose space and generating example clothing shapes. Our solution is fast, compact and can generate realistic clothing animation results for various kinds of clothes in real time.

Subspace clothing simulation using adaptive bases

We present a new approach to clothing simulation using low-dimensional linear subspaces with temporally adaptive bases. Our method exploits full-space simulation training data in order to construct a pool of low-dimensional bases distributed across pose space. For this purpose, we interpret the simulation data as offsets from a kinematic deformation model that captures the global shape of clothing due to body pose. During subspace simulation, we select low-dimensional sets of basis vectors according to the current pose of the character and the state of its clothing. Thanks to this adaptive basis selection scheme, our method is able to reproduce diverse and detailed folding patterns with only a few basis vectors. Our experiments demonstrate the feasibility of subspace clothing simulation and indicate its potential in terms of quality and computational efficiency.

Drape Evaluation of 3D Garment Simulations for Flared Skirts

The virtual try-on technologies of the current level have limitations with material expression as well as some difficulties with commercialization. There are differences in simulation results and subjective evaluations perceived by consumers according to the types and physical characteristics of materials used in virtual try-on simulations. This study were to analyze the exterior clothing shapes and visual images from 3D virtual try-on simulations with materials whose drapability was differentiated and then test the accuracy of the expression of the drapability of the materials. The study carried out 3D virtual try-on simulations by selecting flared skirts as an item to best express differences in drapability along with five materials of different physical properties and offered some basic data for greater utilization of virtual try-on simulations by comparing and analyzing them with the exterior shapes and visual images of actual flared skirts. The analysis results of hemline shapes between actual and virtual try-on according to the types of materials showed no match among the quantitative items of exterior shapes factors. There were no significant differences in the visual images except for "soft" according to the simulation methods, which means that the items can serve as part of a scale for visual image comparison. It is necessary to reflect quantitative numbers regarding "drapability" proposed in the study simulation software and to continue to build a systematic database for virtual simulations by investigating and testing various materials.

Material-aware cloth simulation via constrained geometric deformation

Most real-world cloth consists of nonlinear material and exhibits anisotropic behavior. This paper proposes an efficient and expressive mesh deformation method to obtain realistic cloth shapes with various cloth materials. The key idea in this work is to model the cloth using a mesh-based deformation energy that is composed of several energy terms and to fit the weighting coefficients of the terms from real data. We first develop a direct geometrical material measurement method for testing the recovery, stretching and bending behaviors of different real cloth samples. Then, we separate the geometric deformation energy into three terms related to the vertex position, edge length and bending of the dihedral angle, respectively, and the weights for the three energy terms are learned from the data measured with real cloth. Reusing the weights for the geometric deformation by a numerical solution in the least square sense can model similar cloth behavior. The experiments show that our method effectively provides rich cloth simulation results that are able to capture distinctive material effects.

Fourier Descriptor Animation of Cloth Flapping in Wind

In this paper we propose an efficient new method for modeling the natural motion of cloth flapping based on a stochastic method for wind simulation and a P-type Fourier descriptor. Many have studied cloth behavior through modeling and animation, but only a few studies have combined a stochastic method for wind generation with the physical properties of cloth motion. However, the integration of artificial forces may alter the flapping and fluttering motion. We do not use physical simulation and forces; instead we apply the generated wind value directly to the cloth motion. We apply the 1/ fβ noise in the angles that define the curvature of fibers, using a Fourier descriptor because of its smoothing properties. This allows us to create a natural cloth shape. Since this approach does not require physical simulation based on equations describing the motion, we can easily tune the implementation using parameters that control the cloth motion in real time. Moreover, we propose a few simple techniques to improve the visual realism of fluttering, the appearance of swirling, and wrinkle effects.

천 커버링의 원리와 알고리즘 그리고 언어 식별에 응용

본 논문은 천 커버링 연산의 개념과 알고리즘을 제안한다. 천 커버링은 물리 법칙에 기반을 둔 연산으로 사물을 덮는 천의 모양을 계산학적으로 흉내낸다. 천 커버링의 목적은 사물을 천으로 덮어 표면의 상세함을 감추고 개략적인 외형이 드러나도록 하는 것이다. 이 연산은 천의 뻣뻣한 정도를 제어하는 하나의 크기 인자를 가지며, 이를 통해 외부로 드러나는 사물에 대한 정보의 상세함을 조절한다. 제안하는 연산의 가능성을 보이기 위해 문서 영상에 사용된 언어를 식별하는 문제에 천 커버링을 적용하였다. 실험 결과 가우시안을 이용한 특징 추출 방법보다 천 커버링을 이용한 특징 추출 방법이 더 우수한 식별 성능을 보였다. 토론에서 제안하는 연산이 우수한 이유를 제시한다. This paper proposes a concept and algorithm of cloth covering. It is a physically-based model which simulates computationally a shape of cloth covering some objects. The goal of cloth covering is to conceal the details of object and to reveal only the shape outline. It has one scale parameter which controls the degree of suppressing fine-scale structures. To show viability of the proposed cloth covering, this paper performed an experiment of script recognition. The results of comparing accuracies of feature extraction using Gaussian and cloth covering showed that the cloth covering is superior to Gaussian. We discuss the reason for the superiority.

Object VR-based Virtual Textile Wearing System Using Textile Texture Mapping

This paper is related to an Object VR-based virtual textile wearing system carrying out textile texture mapping based on viewpoint vector estimation and intensity difference map. The proposed system is characterized as capable of virtually wearing a new textile pattern selected by the user to the clothing shape section segmented from multi-view 2D images of clothes model for Object VR(Object Virtual Reality), and three-dimensionally viewing its virtual wearing appearance at multi-view points of the object. Regardless of color or intensity of model clothes, the proposed system is possible to virtually change the textile pattern with holding the properties of the selected clothing shape section, and also to quickly and easily simulate, compare, and select multiple textile pattern combinations for individual styles or entire outfits. The proposed system can provide higher practicality and easy-to-use interface, as it makes real-time processing possible in various digital environment, and creates comparatively natural and realistic virtual wearing styles, and also makes semi-automatic processing possible to reduce the manual works.

Relationship between Clothing Pressure and Fabric Tension

The clothing shape will be changed when a wearer moves or changes his pose. The clothing pressure which acts on the body will be varied according to these changes of clothing shape. In this paper, the changes of clothing shape, the tension of fabric, the clothing pressure on body will be measured. The Digital image processing will be used to measure the changes of fabric shape. The relationship between the changes of clothing shape and the fabric tension, between the fabric tension and the clothing pressure on body will be discussed.

Effects of Clothing Structural Factors on Electromagnetic Radiation Protection

With people's increasing awareness of safety and health, the demands of protective clothing for electromagnetic radiation are gradually increased. The influences of clothing structural factors on protective performance for electromagnetic radiation are studied in this paper. The shielding effectiveness (SE) of fabrics has been tested according to the SJ20524-1995 standard. Meanwhile, according to the measured conditions of fabrics, a simulation model of testing fabric is established by the three-dimensional electromagnetic simulation software Ansoft HFSS to simulate the influences of clothing structural factors on the electromagnetic protective performance under the irradiation of electromagnetic waves at different frequencies. The impact of the length of clothing seams, the size and shape of clothing openings, and the change of clothing layers on the electromagnetic protective performance have been simulated and analyzed in detail. The results show that the simulation results are basically identical with the actual measurement results, and the model of testing fabrics can be applied for the researches on the protective performance for electromagnetic radiation. The study also shows that both seams and openings of clothing will reduce the shielding ability of clothing to electromagnetic radiation, and the change of clothing layers also affects the electromagnetic protective performance of clothing greatly. The results of this article can provide references for the design of electromagnetic shielding clothing, and effectively reduce the adverse effects of clothing structural factors on the protective performance of clothing.

衣服との相互作用シミュレーションのための人体モデルの内部構造推定

A human body model for clothing simulation should reflect inner mechanical characteristics, because shape of clothing is defined by mechanical interactions between clothing and human body. A technique that estimates unknown inner structure of human body is proposed, as it is not easy to measure inner structure of each person. Isomorphic mesh that we proposed was utilized to have one-to-one correspondence between points on different human body surfaces. Mesh structure of isomorphic mesh is identical for any human body surface, and any point on a human body surface can be corresponded to a point on another human body surface. Unknown inner structure of a human body was estimated by deforming mass-spring model of human body according to correspondence of surface shapes. From the results, possibility of the estimation was suggested. Improvement of accuracy of the estimation is expected by setting of proper parameters of the mass-spring model with results of measurement of inner structures of human bodies.

APPLYING A BUST-TO-WAIST GIRTH RATIO APPROACH TO DEVELOP BODY MEASUREMENT CHARTS FOR IMPROVING FEMALE CLOTHING MANUFACTURE

ABSTRACT Clothing ergonomics is the science of fitting the clothing to the wearers by understanding the relation between clothing and body shape. Body measurement charts are necessary for successfully designing and sizing clothing. Many body measurement charts have used the girth difference based on anthropometric data to determine body shapes, but these body shapes could not be accurately classified. Moreover, few studies have applied a girth ratio approach to body typing. This study proposes a bust-to-waist girth ratio approach for identifying female body shapes. By applying the proposed approach, body shapes can be accurately classified to develop body measurement charts. Sizes based on regular ratios of different body shapes to one another make sense to clothing manufacturers and also offer benefits in terms of pattern making, pattern grading, marker making, cutting and sewing during production. These results can help manufacturers improve female clothing manufacture by reducing costs and increasing marketplace competitiveness.

Improving The Compromise Between Clothing Style And Dynamic Comfort From Sleeve Construction

The static and dynamic states of the human body directly determine the shape and construction of clothes. Ideally, clothing should provide comfort and protection for the wearer. However, if comfort and mobility are to be maximised, the garment designer has to sacrifice style. The design of clothes worn on the upper body, is predominantly constrained by the structure of the sleeve and armhole which have to accommodate the high degree of articulation of the arms. In response to movement of the upper limbs, the shape of the torso is inevitably affected. Similarly, movement of the sleeves causes deformation in other parts of an upper body garment. This work shows that fewer compromises of dynamic comfort and movement functionality have to be made in order to promote aesthetic style if the clothing panels are cut to follow the natural geometry of the human body and if appropriate pleating is incorporated into the garment. A number of exploratory approaches are considered, intended to guide the evolution of clothing engineering design so that the comfort and mobility of the wearer might be maximised, whilst retaining acceptable aesthetic design.

3D virtual apparel design for industrial applications

The integration of physics-based models within CAD systems for garment design leads to highly accurate cloth shape results for virtual prototyping and quality evaluation tasks. To this aim, we present a physics-based system for virtual cloth design and simulation expressly conceived for design purposes. This environment should allow the designer to validate her/his style and design option through the analysis of garment virtual prototypes and simulation results in order to reduce the number and role of physical prototypes. Garment shapes are accurately predicted by including material properties and external interactions through a particle-based cloth model embedded in constrained Newtonian dynamics with collision management, extended to complex-shaped assembled and finished garments. Our model is incorporated within a 3D graphical environment, and includes operators monitoring the whole design process of apparel, e.g. panel sewing, button/dart insertion, multi-layered fabric composition, garment finishings, etc. Applications and case studies are considered, with analysis of CAD modelling phases and simulation results concerning several male and female garments.

Transforming Shape: Hybrid Practice as Group Activity

Printed textile and garment design are generally taught and practised as separate disciplines. Integrated CAD software enables textile and clothing designers to envisage printed garments by assimilating graphic imagery with 2D garment shapes and 3D visualizations. Digital fabric printing can be employed to transpose print-filled garment shapes directly onto cloth. During a recently completed practice-led PhD (1998-2003), I researched the aesthetic design potential of combining new CAD technology with garment modelling methods to create new innovative printed textiles/garments. The merging of physical and screen-based making resulted in a hybrid 3D approach to the body, cloth and print referred to as the ‘simultaneous design method’.In 2001 this hybrid practice provided the catalyst for a collaborative textile research project at the Nottingham Trent University, UK. The group included surface, shape and multimedia designers. The key group aim was to explore the transforming effects of computer-aided textile design through dialogues between two and three dimensions. In parallel with my own practice, print and embroidery were considered from a 3D starting-point through the relating of geometric cloth shapes to the form. Each designer took an idiosyncratic approach to the selection and integration of imagery with the shapes.The novel consideration of the final modelled textile at the start of the designing process influenced each designer in different ways, leading to a collection of contrasting, original outcomes that were displayed in the exhibition Transforming Shape (UK 2001, Denmark 2003). The exhibition demonstrated the design opportunities (and limitations) of new and existing technologies, specifically the relationship between innovative textile imagery and three-dimensional form. The designs illustrated the premise that surface designs can be engineered through different pattern shapes and that engineer-printed shapes transform the body.

Laundering Tasks Performed by a Robot

The purpose of our study is to find a means of putting away clean laundry using a robot. This paper presents a method of spreading out and sorting crumpled laundry by dual manipulators and image processing. Because the shape of cloth tends to change in various ways depending on the situation, it is difficult for robot hands to spread out and sort laundry. For this reason, we propose a method of grasping the lowest points of laundry and changing the grasping points several times for spreading and sorting laundry. Laundry can be categorized to a small number of shapes, and this makes it easy for robot to be recognized. Furthermore, recognition of the shapes of laundry during the spreading process allows more accurate sorting. Using the manipulators and image processing eight kinds of laundry could be spread out and sorted successfully. The effectiveness of the proposed method is shown through experimental results.

Folding System for the Clothes by a Robot and Tools

The works of a home robot has the laundering. The purpose of this study is to find a means of folding of the clothes and store the clothes in a drawer by a home robot. Because the shape of cloth tends to change in various ways depending on the situation, it is difficult for robot hands to fold the clothes. In this paper, we propose a realistic folding system for the clothes by a robot and tools. The function of a tool is folding the clothes in half by inserting the clothes using two plates. This system can fold the clothes in a target position by a robot positions the clothes on the tool's table. A robot is not required complicated manipulation and it is possible that reliable fold various kinds of clothes. Then the clothes folded by this system has a thin fold, and don't has wrinkles. We studied the velocity of the rotating plate of a tool for folding in a target position. The effectiveness of the propose system is shown through experimental results.

Eroticism in Itami's The Funeral and Tampopo : Juxtaposition and Symbolism

Itami creates eroticism in The Funeral (1984) and Tampopo (1985) by combining traditional Japanese notions of aesthetics with a contemporary attitude toward the depiction of sex. Similar to their manifestations in other traditional and modern Japanese performing and visual arts, the shape and color of clothing, covering/uncovering of the body, and objects are juxtaposed to give them symbolic sexual meaning.

Modeling Virtual Cloth to Display Realistic Shape and Force Based on Physical Data

In this paper, we have proposed the modeling of cloth that realizes force together with shape to manipulate the virtual cloth. Researchers, in the community of computer graphics, have simulated only the realistic shape of cloth. However, it is also important to display the force generated from cloth for the environment where user manipulates the cloth with visual and haptic feedback. Inclusion of force with shape requires to simulate shape and force, based on the relation between them. The real relationship between shape and force can be measured by special device called “Kawabata Evaluation System (KES)”. However, a cloth has hysteretic property, and relation between shape and force depends on the history of manipulation. KES data only describes incomplete unilateral relations between force and shape under specific histories of manipulation. Although there exists some previous work that simulates the shape of the cloth based on KES data, it is insufficient to simulate both shape and force considering their hysteretic relation. This paper discusses how to model a virtual cloth to simulate shape and force with realities by interpolating empirical data obtained from KES, considering their limitation due to the hysteresis.

A preliminary study of a deformable body model for clothing simulation

The body model which has been utilized in our clothing simulation does not deform and gives a boundary condition for mechanical calculation. To determine the shape of clothing in the case where clothing and body mechanically interact with each other, the body model used for this purpose has to be deformable. In this study, basic techniques for realization of the deformable body model were investigated. A tetrahedron was defined as a fundamental element for mechanical calculation of solid, and it was formulated with ordinal strain. Four kinds of cubes consisting of six tetrahedrons were defined as basic geometrical elements for constructing solids. Two kinds of cantilevers were constructed from the cubes and mechanical simulation was carried out with proper mechanical properties. A method of estimating internal mechanical properties of the human body was tested. The method is a modification of the simulation and is one of inverse problems. Treatment of collision is required for the simulation in which clothing and body mechanically interact with each other. The treatment of collision is based on a triangular element, and the processes consist of its detection and resolution. Simulation of a right cylinder solid wound by fabric like pipe was carried out to check collision treatment.

Tension Control of Cloth Spreading Mechine using Estimation Method of Curved Cloth Shape Based on Catenary Function. Accuracy of Estimated Shape and Controlled Performance on Steady Cloth Spreading Speed.

As one of the manufacturing processes in the apparel industry, a fabric roll has to spread a piece of cloth smoothly on the working table in order to cut the cloth into parts. In this process, it is important to prevent creasing by adjusting the spreading speed of the cloth. However, the construction of a speed control system is difficult, because the tension acting on the spread cloth cannot be estimated. Accordingly, the shape of a hanging cloth-belt in the cloth spreading machine is determined by a estimated curve based on the catenary function. The coefficients of the curve are calculated by detecting the displacement of a representative point on the doth-belt. Using this estimated curve. the tension can be measured with a high accuracy without touching the cloth. In this paper. the accuracy of the calculated values by the estimated cloth curve and the dynamic behavior of the cloth-belt are discussed. A new speed control system with the estimation mechanism of tension was proposed, and good performance was confirmed.