Development Of Shanghai Research Articles

Scenario spatial planning evaluation model for subsidence-economic resilience environment in geohazard prone-coastal megacities: urban underground space (UUS) development in Shanghai by year 2035

Scenario spatial planning evaluation model for subsidence-economic resilience environment in geohazard prone-coastal megacities: urban underground space (UUS) development in Shanghai by year 2035

Empirical analysis of the development relationship between Shanghai shipping industry and primary industry based on VAR model

This study employs the Vector Autoregression (VAR) model to conduct an in-depth empirical analysis of the dynamic relationship between Shanghai’s shipping industry and the development of the primary sector from 2002 to 2022. The findings reveal that, as a globally significant maritime hub, the development of Shanghai’s shipping industry has a notable positive impact on the growth of the primary sector, particularly in agriculture and fisheries. Through ADF unit root tests, cointegration tests, and Granger causality tests, a stable long-term relationship was identified between shipping industry indicators, such as container throughput and total waterborne cargo transport volume, and the output value of the primary sector. Impulse response analysis and variance decomposition further reveal the critical roles and mechanisms through which the shipping industry influences the development of the primary sector. Based on these insights, the paper proposes policy recommendations aimed at strengthening the integrated development of shipping and the primary sector, promoting technological innovation in the shipping industry, optimizing the policy environment, enhancing environmental protection measures, and bolstering international cooperation. These strategies are intended to foster synergistic development between the two sectors and drive sustainable economic growth.

Evaluating green space provision development in Shanghai (2012–2021): A focus on accessibility and service efficiency

This study evaluates accessible urban green space (UGS) provision in Shanghai, China (2012–2021), focusing on accessibility and its influencing factors amidst urbanization. We aim to understand if and how UGS provision addresses urban demands effectively and efficiently on limited conditions. Utilizing an improved n-step floating catchment area method, we conducted a comprehensive assessment of UGS locations’ accessibility, integrating comprehensive capacity, population demand, and transport supply. Multidimensional analyses were applied to evaluate changes in UGS accessibility and these three influencing factors. Based on the relationships among these three factors, we investigate the rationality and efficiency of the development of accessible UGS provision. By integrating UGS provision efficiency, the mechanisms driving by the three factors, and the UGSs’ effect on UGS equity citywide, new UGS construction and existing UGSs needing improvement are evaluated from the aspects of feasibility, effectiveness, and justice. Our findings demonstrate that Shanghai effectively developed its UGS accessibility from 2012 to 2021, committing to sustainable urban development and improving residents’ quality of life. Comprehensive capacity emerged as a key driver in UGS provision, highlighting its importance in future policy and planning. This study provides nuanced insights into UGS provision efficiency and optimization, aiding urban planners in enhancing UGSs worldwide.

Study on Housing Problems and Improvement Opinions of Non-local Personnel in Shanghai

The development of a city relies on the influx and retention of people and talents, especially those from other places, which plays a vital role in the city's progress. Shanghai, being an international metropolis, faces the challenge of high living costs and skyrocketing housing prices, making it challenging for many outsiders to reside in the city. At present, there are various problems in the housing of non-local residents in Shanghai, which to some extent hinder their contribution to urban construction and economic development. Properly solving their housing problems has become a necessary path in the process of urban development. Therefore, this study takes non-local residents in Shanghai as the starting point for research, and analyzes the current housing situation and housing satisfaction of non-local residents and newly employed college students. Given this situation, several policy recommendations are being put forward to address housing issues and contribute to the urban construction and development of Shanghai.

A systematic analysis of stakeholder interaction and the barriers towards upscaling urban residential solar PV: The case of Shanghai, China

Political, economic, and social factors that impede the diffusion of residential solar photovoltaics (RSPV) are at the frontline of academic research in renewable energy development because solar PV has rapidly become cost-benefit effective relative to traditional energy. Using Shanghai for our investigation, this study employed a systematic and stakeholder engagement framework to analyze the political, economic, and social actors and their relationships with the residents' acceptance of solar PV. Our results were based on 20 in-depth interviews and rich secondary qualitative research data. We found that several factors that jointly contributed to poor collaboration among actors for upscaling of RSPV development in Shanghai. These included the poor implementation of RSPV policies from political actors, residents’ distrust of the market players, uncertainties and risks faced by small and medium solar companies, and an individualism-collective dilemma and poor community engagement due to rapid social atomization. The development of RSPV is a systematic project that requires joint efforts and collaborative mechanisms among political, market, and community actors. Community engagement is an indispensable measure to promote collaboration among these key stakeholders for the success of RSPV development.

A Comparison Study on Multiple Modeling Approaches for Air Pollutant Geographic Model Development in Shanghai

Geostatistical models have been widely used in the exposure assessment of ambient air pollutants. However, few studies have focused on comparisons of modeling approaches and their prediction results. Here, we collected the NO2 and PM2.5 monitoring data from 55 sites in Shanghai from 2016 to 2019 and the geographic variables, such as road network, points of interest of emission locations, and satellite data were included. We used partial least squares regression (PLS), supervised linear regression (SLR), and random forest (RF) algorithms to develop spatial models and used ordinary kriging (OK) to develop a two-step model. We evaluated the models using a 5-fold cross validation method and selected the best model structure for each modeling approach between one-or two-step models that had been developed with or without OK. The results revealed that the best NO2 models were the RF-OK (Rmse2 was 0.70-0.82) and PLS-OK (Rmse2 was 0.78-0.84) models; the PLS model for PM2.5(Rmse2 was 0.62-0.71) outperformed the other PM2.5 models. We used the best models to predict annual exposures in Shanghai at a 1 km spatial scale and conducted the correlation analysis among the predictions of the best models. The results demonstrated that the NO2 predictions had higher correlation coefficients (r was 0.82-0.91) compared with those of the PM2.5 models (r was 0.66-0.96). Based on the exposure results predicted using the three models in 2019, we evaluated the cumulative population exposure concentrations for NO2 and PM2.5 in Shanghai.

The Function of Urban Green Space in Avoiding Disasters in Central Shanghai, China

Urban green space is an essential green infrastructure and spatial guarantee for sustainable development in Shanghai, China. Additionally, its spatial layout’s rationality directly influences the city’s disaster prevention and reduction effect. To use the buffer analysis method, this study selected the ArcGIS 9.0 software platform for making a quantitative analysis of disaster-proof green space service capacity in downtown Shanghai based on relevant construction standards and specifications. The results showed the following: (1) the distribution pattern of disaster-proof green space in downtown Shanghai is less homogeneously distributed in the central area but more homogeneously distributed in the edge area; (2) the service area of all disaster-proof green spaces in the central urban area of Shanghai accounted for 85.07% of the total area, with a service population of 12,516,600. Less than 15% of the area was still uncovered, meaning 2,196,700 people were unserved. These results suggest that the buffer radius of disaster-avoidance green space reaches 400 m. It covers the largest area and serves the largest population, accounting for more than 50% of the central urban area. The mismatch between urban green space distribution and population distribution patterns affected the service effect difference of green space for disaster avoidance. Therefore, new urban green spaces, stadiums, school playgrounds, and other open spaces could be added to enhance the (emergency) urban disaster avoidance ability of central urban areas; (3) the whole central urban area should form an urban mesh disaster avoidance system by combining points, lines, and surfaces with emergency and temporary shelters as first-level disaster avoidance points, fixed and central shelters as second-level disaster avoidance points, urban branch roads and secondary roads as disaster avoidance channels, and expressways and main urban roads as disaster-relief channels.

A Historical Perspective on the Impact of the 19th Century Concession on Shanghai

Shanghai, as a metropolitan, developed rapidly from a little village to an economic center of China during 19 Century. How the accelerated growth of Shanghai was linked to the presence of the concession has become an important focus of scholarly research, and the process of its development could provide a reference for other cities. Besides, owing to the unique environment of China, the development of Shanghai also has certain distinctiveness. Concessions, enclaves given to foreign settlers with various privileges, played a unique role in the modernization of Shanghai. In this article, the author studies the political, economic, and cultural impacts of the concessions from a historical perspective, and the interactions within these political, economic, and cultural impacts are also discussed. The research found that Concessions provided a relatively loose political environment and facilitated the reform of the political system of China. In addition, the improvement of the municipal system promoted economic prosperity, which in turn made the cultural exchanges between the East and the West more frequent, forming a cultural environment of heterogeneous cultural integration and promoting the acceptance and promotion of new systems and economic forms.

Scenario Simulation for the Urban Carrying Capacity Based on System Dynamics Model in Shanghai, China

Shanghai, as an international metropolis, has an ever-growing population and ongoing economic development, so the pressure on the natural resources and the environment is continually increased. How to ease the tension among economy, resources and the environment? The sustainable green development of Shanghai has been the focus of the public and the government. Urban carrying capacity involves complex interactions among population, the economy and the environment. Understanding the balance between these elements is an important scientific issue for sustainable green development in Shanghai. For this purpose, the balance between urban development and ecological resources was emphasized, and population carrying capacity, GDP (Gross Domestic Product), green ecological index and added value of secondary industry were investigated to measure urban carrying capacity. The dynamic changes of the carrying population, GDP, green ecological index and the added value of the secondary industry in Shanghai during 2018–2035 were simulated using a system dynamics model including three subsystems and 66 variables from a macroscopic perspective. Five development scenarios were employed during the simulation, namely a status-quo scenario, an economic-centric scenario, a high-tech-centric scenario, an environment-centric scenario and a coordinated equilibrium scenario. The simulation results indicated that the potential of carrying population will decline by 2035, and the economic and ecological indicators will also be at a low level under the status-quo scenario, which is an inferior option, while the under coordinated equilibrium scenario, the ecological environment, population growth and economic development will all perform excellently, which is the best option. Therefore, the urban carrying capacity of population, economy and resources in Shanghai may be improved by increasing investment in scientific research, increasing the expenditure on environmental protection and improving the recycling efficiency of waste solid and water. The results provide insights into the urban carrying capacity of Shanghai city.

Assessing Changes in the Ecosystem Services Value in Response to Land-Use/Land-Cover Dynamics in Shanghai from 2000 to 2020.

Land resources are foundational for human survival and development. In contrast, land use/land cover (LULC) dynamics drive considerable changes in ecosystem services. Recently, China witnessed a new stage of rapid urbanization. Therefore, investigating the relationships between ecosystem services value (ESV) and LULC in these areas is highly relevant. Based on the data of land use and socioeconomic development in Shanghai from 2000 to 2020, we adopted a land use/land cover dynamics analysis method and established the ESV per unit area at the city scale, discussed the impact of LULC on ESV spatially and quantitatively, and tested the research process based on the sensitivity analysis of the ESV coefficient. The results show that from 2000 to 2020, the LULC pattern in Shanghai rapidly changed. In particular, the area of cultivated land has shrunk by 123.96 thousand hm2, while the construction land has expanded by 141.26 thousand hm2, which has led to a decline in ESV of the entire city (especially regarding hydrological adjustment and biodiversity). Nevertheless, although the area of trench and lakes only occupies 1.67–3.16% of the total area of land, its ecological value accounts for an astonishing 23.80–50.70% of the total ESV. At the district level, the primary decline in eco-system services value was noted in the Chongming District in the north and Pudong New Area in the east of Shanghai. However, due to the overall planning of the city and the advantages of its resource endowment, Qingpu District and its surrounding areas in western Shanghai have witnessed improvements in terms of the values of hydrological adjustment, water supply, and environmental purification. This study presents a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of issues regarding ESV in rapidly urbanized areas, thereby providing an important reference for decision-makers regarding the rational layout of cities, sustainable use of land, and management of natural ecosystems.

Coopération inter-établissements et développement professionnel des enseignants à Shanghai

Les écoles maternelles, primaires et établissements d’enseignement secondaire de Shanghai collaborent pour promouvoir des projets et mener conjointement des travaux de recherche, en s’appuyant sur des enseignants et des établissements réputés. Ces établissements constituent des communautés d’études et de formation inter-établissements, afin de renforcer l’effet de groupe en matière de formation des enseignants et de parvenir à un développement équilibré et de qualité du secteur de l’éducation.

The Function of Shanghai as a Global Central City: A comparison with London

As a global central city, Shanghai is gradually playing a pivotal role in the world. We first introduce the current situation of Shanghai's development. At the same time, it analyzes the urban function of Shanghai as a global central city from three aspects: economic function, social function, and cultural function. Then we make a SWOT comparison between Shanghai and London, two typical world cities, and analyze the unique urban advantages of Shanghai. Finally, we put forward some possible improvement suggestions for Shanghai-based on the analysis results.

Grow up with the City: Master Teachers’ Experience of Teacher Professional Development in Shanghai

ABSTRACT This study aims to portray Master Teachers’ experience of teacher professional development in post-1976 China. Interview data were collected from 22 Master Teachers from Shanghai in 2019–2020. Analyses of the findings revealed that these Master Teachers experienced three historical stages of teachers’ professional development in China: a pre-professional stage at the end of the Cultural Revolution, a modern professional stage following the 1978 economic reform, and a late 1980s’ curriculum decentralisation reform stage in which teachers gained more autonomy. This study suggests a ‘state-individual-collective group’ framework for understanding Master Teachers’ experience of teacher professional development in China.

Reliability, Validity, and Responsiveness of the Chinese Learning Accomplishment Profile (C-LAP).

Objectives: To evaluate the reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the Chinese Learning Accomplishment Profile in China. Methods: 12,098 participants aged from 0 to 36 months from 30 provinces (mostly from Shanghai) in China were enrolled between 2013 and 2020. The reliability was reflected by Pearson correlation coefficients, Cronbach’s alpha coefficients and standard errors; the validity was shown by the coefficients between the dimensions, and we also evaluated the responsiveness as a supplement to the validity. Results: Reliability: in six domains among each subgroup, Pearson correlation coefficients between developmental age and chronological age ranged from 0.89 to 0.98, Cronbach’s alpha coefficients from 0.71 to 0.99, and standard errors from 0.15 to 2.76. Validity: after controlling for chronological age, the correlation coefficients between the dimensions were between 0.18 and 0.78, and most of them were below 0.70. Responsiveness: developmental age of all domains obtained via the Chinese Learning Accomplishment Profile system changed significantly (p < 0.001) with time (gap of 1–3 months), and the standardized response mean ranged from 0.66 to 2.45. Conclusions: The Chinese Learning Accomplishment Profile is suitable for assessing children’s development in Shanghai, but still needs confirmation when used in other provinces in China due to the great differences between regions in China.

"Hospice And Palliative Care Services Development in Shanghai"

"Hospice And Palliative Care Services Development in Shanghai"

Shanghai’s Regenerated Industrial Waterfronts: Urban Lab for Sustainability Transitions?

In China, Shanghai often serves as a place to introduce and try out new ideas. This is certainly the case with experimental urban planning and design solutions and sustainability transitions. This article identifies and evaluates the role of pilot projects and demonstration zones along the Huangpu River. These clusters and zones are supposed to guide the urban regeneration of the former industrial waterfronts and to accelerate innovative development in Shanghai and the wider Yangtze Delta Region. The Huangpu River as a whole is considered an urban lab and a showcase of ecological civilisation policies, with a strong ‘people oriented’ focus on improving the overall quality and attractiveness of urban life. Following three decades of rapid urban expansion, Shanghai’s urban development model is shifting toward one that emphasizes densification and the reuse of existing elements. The motto of Shanghai’s latest master plan is “Striving for an Excellent Global City.” One of the pathways to realize this expectation is the creation of thematic clusters for creative industries, financial institutes, AI, and technology, media and telecommunication industries. These clusters are high-density investment projects meant to support and accelerate the transformation of Shanghai into a service economy. There are important similarities between these projects in Shanghai and the role of urban labs in theories of sustainability transitions. Drawing on these theories and those of ecological civilization, this article examines how these so-called ‘experimental’ urban megaprojects along the river contribute to Shanghai’s effort to take the lead in developing sustainable urban transitions.

State Restructuring and Urban Innovation Development in Post-reform China: Shanghai’s Innovation Action in Review

Given the ample evidences from present studies on national-level innovation policies evolution and mechanisms, this paper contributes to a city-level understanding towards innovation-related state restructuring,the consequent innovation policy change and its relational performance with urban development in post-reform Shanghai, China from an inputoutput perspective. It unfolds that state restructuring relinquishing state power to the market has revived non-government innovation activities and a synchronous, though a bit backward, firms-oriented transition towards innovation development in Shanghai throughout 1990s has been observed.Though scholars are reluctant to label the party-state in post-reform China as a developmental state due to dysfunctionality of state intervention in corporate sectors, in the field of technological upgrading, such topdown, elite driven and state-sponsored mode giving priority to innovation competitiveness well captures the developmental state model at local level, thus exhibits elements of local developmental state. Impacts of this restructuring and policy change are substantial, which can be observed in the soaring increase of science and technology expenditures and patents applications in Shanghai. Additional analysis further unveils that in most circumstances, innovation growth kept paces with urban development, yet its synergy with economic development and permanent residents is more significant than with other aspects.

Wetland Utilization and Adaptation Practice of a Coastal Megacity: A Case Study of Chongming Island, Shanghai, China

Coastal urban areas are faced with risks induced by global warming and sea level rise, which puts pressure on regional sustainable development. In particular, land use adjustment is closely related to climate change for a coastal megacity. Coastal wetlands on the edge of the megacity represent a vulnerable ecosystem and a key area in terms of the resilient adaptation strategy. However, the interrelationship between the development of these wetlands and the megacity’s adaptation practice has not been sufficiently analyzed. From a historical perspective, based on document synthesis and field investigation, we attempt in this study to reveal long-term land use stages and driving factors in association with urban marginal wetlands, with a special reference to eastern Chongming Island, Shanghai. On such a basis, the future adaptation strategy of the megacity is evaluated. The analytical results show that this island has witnessed three periods of time for wetland utilization: traditional land use for salt production, fishery and agriculture before 1950, industrialization with rapid reclamation during 1950–2001, and the land use pattern orientated toward wetland ecosystem protection after 2002. The driving forces include sediment budget on the coast, wetland morphodynamic processes, sea level rise, population growth, and resource management policy changes. Transformation occurred between the wetland utilization stages in response to the changes of these forces. Furthermore, facing future climate change, there are different options of adaptation, e.g., retreatment and adherence. It may not be suitable for coastal cities with a large population to take the first option. It will be suitable for coastal communities to adhere to the location, if solutions to the problems of flooding risk, coastal erosion, and the maintenance of coastal facilities can be found. For eastern Chongming wetlands, as a key experimental area for ecosystem-oriented development in Shanghai, the transformation from the reclamation-oriented utilization toward the protection of wetland ecosystems represents the first step toward the latter option. We suggest that the next steps would be to maintain the ecological niche of the wetlands, to create new approaches to coastal engineering with contributions from the ecosystem, and to provide better ecosystem services.

Energy consumption forecast of different industries under the social and economic transformation

With the development of Shanghai’s social economy and the continuous transformation of the three major industries, Shanghai’s energy structure will also undergo corresponding changes. In order to study the proportion of electricity in energy consumption in the future, this paper predicts the consumption of electric energy and non-electric energy in Shanghai based on the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), and analyses impulse response analysis and variance. The result of the experiment shows that development of Shanghai’s energy consumption structure will still keep in low carbon and electrification trend. From the perspective of the terminal energy consumption structure, the growth rate of power consumption will exceed the non-electric energy consumption one, and the proportion of electrification will be further increased.

Total Investment in Fixed Assets and the Later Stage of Urbanization: A Case Study of Shanghai

After more than 40 years’ opening-up and reform, China’s urbanization has entered a new type of urbanization. In order to reveal the rule of different infrastructure investments and urbanization relationships, this paper uses Shanghai as a case by applying econometric methods to study the detailed relationship between different indicators from 1990 to 2019. Firstly, we quantify that each variable has a long-term co-integration relationship with urbanization by co-integration test. And we found that the real estate is a main driving force of urbanization while the construction project investment plays an important role in promoting the urbanization rate in the studied period. Secondly, according to the Granger test, our study illustrates that each variable has a bilateral Granger relationship with urbanization while the urbanization rate has more Granger causality impact on the studied variables. Thirdly, based on impulse response test and variance decomposition analysis, we found that urbanization rate with other variables accounts for the majority of the percentage of impacts while the total investment in fixed assets and its three categories contribute a small amount to the urbanization rate. Finally, we propose policy suggestions to strengthen healthy urbanization development in Shanghai.