Evaluating green space provision development in Shanghai (2012–2021): A focus on accessibility and service efficiency

Abstract

This study evaluates accessible urban green space (UGS) provision in Shanghai, China (2012–2021), focusing on accessibility and its influencing factors amidst urbanization. We aim to understand if and how UGS provision addresses urban demands effectively and efficiently on limited conditions. Utilizing an improved n-step floating catchment area method, we conducted a comprehensive assessment of UGS locations’ accessibility, integrating comprehensive capacity, population demand, and transport supply. Multidimensional analyses were applied to evaluate changes in UGS accessibility and these three influencing factors. Based on the relationships among these three factors, we investigate the rationality and efficiency of the development of accessible UGS provision. By integrating UGS provision efficiency, the mechanisms driving by the three factors, and the UGSs’ effect on UGS equity citywide, new UGS construction and existing UGSs needing improvement are evaluated from the aspects of feasibility, effectiveness, and justice. Our findings demonstrate that Shanghai effectively developed its UGS accessibility from 2012 to 2021, committing to sustainable urban development and improving residents’ quality of life. Comprehensive capacity emerged as a key driver in UGS provision, highlighting its importance in future policy and planning. This study provides nuanced insights into UGS provision efficiency and optimization, aiding urban planners in enhancing UGSs worldwide.