Sexual Negotiation Research Articles

Sexual Communication between Parents and Adolescents: Perception of Secondary School Students in Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria

This study assessed the characterization of parent-adolescents’ sexual communication of secondary school students in Abeokuta South Local Government of Ogun State, Nigeria. 411 adolescents were selected using multistage sampling techniques. Quantitative data was obtained with a semi-structured questionnaire. An in-depth interview was carried out to further explore parent-adolescent sexual communication as a representation of the qualitative data. Both quantitative and qualitative data collected were analysed using descriptive and thematic content analyses. Results revealed that most (64.5%) of the respondents had moderate perception of parent-adolescent communication. The findings of the qualitative analysis revealed themes of sexual communication including puberty, abstinence from sex, and HIV/AIDS. Parents’ awareness to sexual communication promoting was associated to physical changes during puberty and adolescents’ attitudes. Although, adolescents prefer to discuss sexual issues with their mothers, time factor for such discussion was a major constraint. In addition, adolescent perceived unwillingness on the part of parent to initiate or sustain sexual communication issues despite their knowledgeability. Adolescents perceived that their parents are knowledgeable about sexual communication but not willing to communicate sexual issues with them. The study concludes that parents’ unwillingness for sexual talk and time factors could pose threats to achieving effective parent-adolescent sexual communication. Hence, it is recommended that parents should engage in timely communication on sexual related issues often during early adolescence phase. It is imperative for fathers also, to create a conducive atmosphere for active sexual communication with their children especially male adolescents.

052 Undergraduates' Definitions of Sexual Consent: The Role of Rape Myth Acceptance

The high rates of nonconsensual sexual experiences (NSEs) have prompted educational institutions to reexamine their sexual assault prevention policies and educational efforts. Many colleges and universities have adopted policies focusing on affirmative consent. Yet, affirmative consent policies fail to address the complexities surrounding real life sexual consent negotiations. Additionally, certain factors may play a role in how individuals conceptualize consent, such as the endorsement of rape myths (e.g., it is not rape if the victim does not fight back).

Is There Space for Our Stories? An Examination of North American and Western European Gay, Bi, and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men’s Non-consensual Sexual Experiences

ABSTRACT The present study examined the understanding and behaviors relating to sexual consent among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBM) internationally. Qualitative responses were collected from 350 men ranging from 18 to 73 years of age (M = 33.37) across Canada, the United States, and Western Europe. The results of a thematic analysis indicated that participants presented challenges with negotiating sexual consent. Themes were identified from the analysis detailing participants’ perceptions and interactions prior to a sexual encounter (pre), during a sexual encounter (during), and after a sexual experience (post). Subthemes addressed a variety of issues GBM may face when engaging in sexual consent negotiations (e.g., sex-role positioning, power dynamics, sexual scripts among GBM, and additional sexual settings). These findings suggest that GBM face unique sexual consent challenges prior to, during, and in response to sexual encounters. Implications for demographic-specific resources and interventions are discussed further.

Complexities of sexual consent: young people’s reasoning in a Swedish context

ABSTRACT Although previous research and public debate argue that partnered sexual activity is construed in terms of being consensual or not, we know little about young people’s own reasoning on sexual consent. This study aimed to investigate how sexual consent and sexual negotiations are interpreted by young people in Sweden. Forty-four female and male participants, ranging from 18–21 years old, took part in 12 focus groups, organised according to a set of vignettes. All focus groups were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. The findings illustrate the complexity of the interpretation of sexual consent. There was a clear perception among the participants that sex between two individuals is a mutual process, and that sex should be consensual, expressed either through words, body language, or both. They all stated clearly that a ‘No’ has to be respected, independently of context. However, at the same time participants expressed contradictory norms and expectations in relation to the described situations, that showed an ambivalence concerning sexual scripts and consequences of challenging these in specific situations. Reasoning concerning discrepancy between ideals and actual possibilities to act in sexual encounters indicates differences in relation to gender, age and educational background and pathways.

Circumventing vs. Guiding: A Grounded Theory Study of Sexual Negotiation Among Hispanic Men Who Have Sex with Men

HIV infection continues to be a serious health concern, especially among men who have sex with men (MSM). MSM account for over one-half (57%) of the estimated 1.2 million cases in the United States. Hispanic/Latino individuals accounted for 24% of new HIV diagnoses, with male-to-male sexual contact responsible most cases. Effective sexual negotiation may be a way to decrease risk for HIV infection, but relatively little is known about sexual negotiation among Hispanic MSM. The purpose of this study was to describe the process by which sexual decision-making occurs among Hispanic MSM. Nineteen in-depth, semi-structured interviews were collected from participants (ages 25 to 65) living in South Florida using grounded theory methodology. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and were analyzed to identify categories and subcategories. A theory grounded in the data called Circumventing vs. Guiding emerged that described the sexual negotiation process. The theory consists of four main categories: Contextualizing Negotiation, Strategizing Sexual Negotiation, Negotiating Strategies, and Reviewing Consequences. Some Hispanic MSM may experience challenges in negotiating safer sex behaviors with partners. More research is needed to develop culturally-specific interventions to assist Hispanic MSM with sexual negotiation.

Let's Talk About the Birds, Not the Bees:

Just as math and history classes aim to prepare students to do math and history well, sex education must prepare students to participate in good sex that contributes to their overall flourishing. I reject David Archard’s autonomy-centered view of sex education because it fails to address deeply ingrained social inequalities. I deny Paula McAvoy’s mutuality-centered view of sex education because mutuality and consent are not sufficient for good sex. I draw on Quil Kukla’s work on sexual negotiation and claim that for sex to be good, we must engage in communicative sex that goes beyond consent. Therefore, sex education should not only instruct students how to avoid bad sex, but also enable students to participate in good sex that contributes to their overall flourishing.

Let's Talk About the Birds, Not the Bees

Just as math and history classes aim to prepare students to do math and history well, sex education must prepare students to participate in good sex that contributes to their overall flourishing. I reject David Archard’s autonomy-centered view of sex education because it fails to address deeply ingrained social inequalities. I deny Paula McAvoy’s mutuality-centered view of sex education because mutuality and consent are not sufficient for good sex. I draw on Quil Kukla’s work on sexual negotiation and claim that for sex to be good, we must engage in communicative sex that goes beyond consent. Therefore, sex education should not only instruct students how to avoid bad sex, but also enable students to participate in good sex that contributes to their overall flourishing.

Sexually destroyed or empowered? Silencing female genital cutting in close relationships

Based on fieldwork among Kurdish-Norwegian migrants, this study explored how female genital cutting (FGC) was a silenced topic between mothers and daughters, and between men and women. The silence was often broken when FGC was discussed as a practice that needed to be rejected. The main reasons for rejecting FGC were to support women’s rights and to recognise the negative ways in which FGC affected women’s sexuality. This way of breaking the silence on FGC was particularly helpful to some husbands and wives in their discussion of how FGC might have affected their sexual relationships. Using theories of migrant women’s sexual agency and embodiment, this study examined how the silencing of FGC in close relationships can be interpreted both as a sign of oppression and as a sign of empowerment. The analysis suggests that the stigmatisation that circumcised women can experience from condemnatory public discourse on FGC may sometimes lead to the negotiation of assertive female sexuality.

Shifting Racial Boundaries and Their Limits. German Women, Non-European Men, and the Negotiation of Sexuality and Intimacy in Nazi Germany

This essay examines the cultural, ethnic, and “racial” boundaries of the National Socialist “Volksgemeinschaft” based on planned, failed, and completed marriages between German women and non-European men in the early twentieth century. From evidence in the relevant files from the Federal Archives and the Political Archive of the Federal Foreign Office, this essay discusses male partners from various countries of origin as examples of the role of the state in racially mixed unions. The reactions of the institutional actors and the couples themselves demonstrated the surprising ambivalence of National Socialist racial policy due to political and diplomatic requirements.

Using Social Ecological Theory to Identify Factors Associated With Risky Sexual Behavior in Cambodian Adolescent Girls and Young Women Aged 10 to 24 Years: A Systematic Review

There is an increase in risky sexual behavior (RSB) in Cambodian female youth aged 10 to 24 years, which can contribute to detrimental sexual and reproductive health due to the increased risk of acquiring sexually transmitted infections, unintended pregnancies, or abortions. Bronfenbrenner's social ecological model was used to identify factors at personal, microenvironment, and macroenvironment levels potentially associated with RSB. A systematic literature review employing PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines was conducted to search 8 databases for articles published between 1994 and 2019. A risk of bias tool was applied for methodological quality of the 4 included studies. RSB is associated with multiple factors including sexual debut at young age, alcohol and substance abuse, multiple partners, living away from parents or orphan status, peer delinquency, non-use of condoms by partners, transactional sex, low education and socioeconomic status, and no access to sexual and reproductive health services. Multipronged preventive strategies operating at different levels are recommended in terms of including sex education and increasing reproductive health literacy programs at the schools and community programs for safe sex, condom use and sexual negotiation skills, and access to modern contraceptive methods.

Sexual Satisfaction and Its Associated Factors among Married Women in Northern Ethiopia.

Sexual satisfaction is an essential component of overall health related quality of life. However, the epidemiology of sexual satisfaction among Ethiopian women is largely unknown. Hence, the present study was undertaken to investigate the sexual satisfaction and its associated factors among married women. Community-based cross-sectional study with mixed approach was conducted from March 1 to April 30, 2019 in Kewot District, Northern Ethiopia on a sample of 397 married women. Quantitative data was collected on a face-to-face interview using a pre-tested questionnaire while qualitative data was collected using in-depth interviews. The new sexual satisfaction scale was used to assess sexual satisfaction of the women. Descriptive statistics and ordinal logistic regression analysis were performed using SPSS version 23. The findings showed that half of the participants (50.4%) expressed moderate sexual satisfaction, and only 39% of the participants reported greatest sexual satisfaction. Poor partner communication (AOR = 0.30, 95% CI; 0.11-0.79], poor sexual self-esteem (AOR = 0.17, 95% CI; 0.08 - 0.36), absence of social responsibility (AOR = 6.52, 95% CI; 3.32 - 12.80), poor sexual function (AOR = 0.36, 95% CI; 0.21 - 0.61), no previous information about sexuality (AOR = 0.06, 95% CI; 0.00 - 0.62) and perception of sexual talk as taboo (AOR = 7.15, 95% CI; 3.86 - 13.26) were significantly associated with sexual satisfaction. Several factors could affect sexual satisfaction of married women. Therefore, development of educational programs, pre-marriage counseling and continuous education should be conducted.

The Relationship between Pornography Viewing and Sexually Aggressive Behaviors among Male Students in Selected Kenyan Universities

Advance in technology has helped to change the terrain of human sexuality in both positive and negative ways making the distribution of pornography faster and easier than ever before. It is often assumed that pornographic materials educate and offer entertainment to its viewers. However, sexually objectifying media could also increase sexual perpetuation such as sexual abuse that has become rampart in our society today. A few studies have examined the relationship between pornography viewing and sexual aggressive behaviors giving mixed results. To shed more light on this topic, Social Learning Theory and Confluence Model of Sexual Aggression were used to inform the relationships between pornography viewing and sexual aggressive behaviors among male students in selected universities in Kenya. The study adopted a correlational research design. Proportionate random sampling techniques were used to get a sample of 487students while four students' counselors were purposively sampled. Research data was collected using a questionnaire and structured interview guide. Quantitative data was analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient while the qualitative data was thematically analyzed. The study findings revealed a weak positive correlation between use of sexual arousal (kissing and touching) and use of nude images in magazines, videos, T.V or internet at r= .111, p < 0.05; use of graphic photos at r= .155 < 0.01 and use of dirty talk at r= .123, p= .01. It is argued that although the correlation is weak, it is indicative of development of sexually undesired behavior that could put the whole human race at risk if not addressed. The study recommends creation of awareness on effect of pornography use and the tendency to cause sexual aggressive behaviours among its users. Strong policies and programmes on pornography abuse and regulations to be put in place for the betterment of humanity.

Topics for Inclusive Parent-Child Sex Communication by Gay, Bisexual, Queer Youth

The purposes of this study were to identify the sexuality-related topics parents and gay, bisexual, or queer (GBQ) adolescent males discussed at home and to describe the topics GBQ adolescent males recommend for parents to discuss with future cohorts of GBQ youth. Minimal research on parent-child sex communication with sexual minority adolescents prevents the development of interventions that would benefit adolescent males with same-sex attractions, behaviors and identities. As part of a multimethod qualitative study, we interviewed 30 GBQ adolescent males ages 15-20 and asked them to perform card sorts. From a list of 48 topics, we explored sexuality-related issues GBQ males were familiar with, the topics they discussed with a parent, and topics they suggested parents address with GBQ males at home. Most participants reported that parents assumed them heterosexual during sex talks prior to GBQ adolescent males’ coming out. Participants challenged the heteronormative scripts used by parents when discussing sex and health. Participants identified sexuality topics that parents did not routinely cover during sex talks, but that GBQ youth felt would have been useful for them growing up with emergent identities. A non-heteronormative approach to parent-child sex communication is recommended to provide appropriate guidance about sex and HIV/STI prevention to this youth population. Our findings highlight a need to reconfigure parental sexuality scripts to be more inclusive when assisting GBQ males navigate adolescence.

Parents ASSIST (Advancing Supportive and Sexuality-Inclusive Sex Talks): Iterative Development of a Sex Communication Video Series for Parents of Gay, Bisexual, and Queer Male Adolescents.

Effective parent-child sex communication enhances heterosexual youths' efficacy to engage in health promotive behaviors, yet there is scarce research on parent-child sex communication with gay, bisexual, and queer (GBQ) sons during adolescence. Our aim is to describe the development of Parents ASSIST, a web-based series of animated videos for parents of GBQ adolescent males focused on (a) parental education about sexual health topics pertinent to this population's same-sex concerns, (b) modeling of communication skills for parents to broach and sustain inclusive discussions at home, and (c) norming the role of providers as reliable sources of support when parents seek GBQ-related health information. Community-based advisory boards, comprised of parents and health care providers, respectively, informed the intervention development. Based on study notes and the research team's reflections, we present lessons learned that focus on content-based and logistical challenges that arose during the intervention development process. This study extends practice and patient education by providing an innovative, primary intervention that partners with parents of an underserved youth population.

Let’s Talk About the Birds, Not the Bees

Just as math and history classes aim to prepare students to do math and history well, sex education must prepare students to participate in good sex that contributes to their overall flourishing. I reject David Archard’s autonomy-centered view of sex education because it fails to address deeply ingrained social inequalities. I deny Paula McAvoy’s mutuality-centered view of sex education because mutuality and consent are not sufficient for good sex. I draw on Quil Kukla’s work on sexual negotiation and claim that for sex to be good, we must engage in communicative sex that goes beyond consent. Therefore, sex education should not only instruct students how to avoid bad sex, but also enable students to participate in good sex that contributes to their overall flourishing.

“We Have to Get over It”: Navigating Sex Talk Through the Lens of Sexual Communication Comfort and Sexual Self-disclosure in LGBTQ Intimate Partnerships

This study examined the identity-laden processes of sexual communication for LGBTQ individuals in relationships. Specifically, this study analyzed open-ended descriptions of sexual communication comfort as well as the relationship between sexual self-disclosure, sexual satisfaction, relationship satisfaction, and sexual communication satisfaction. Findings suggest that there was a moderate, positive relationship between sexual self-disclosure and sexual satisfaction, sexual self-disclosure and relationship satisfaction, and sexual satisfaction and relationship satisfaction. There was a strong, positive relationship between sexual self-disclosure and sexual communication satisfaction, and sexual communication satisfaction and sexual satisfaction. Sexual communication comfort themes included comfort as relational, friends first, sex drive, social networks, gender identities, and vulnerability. These findings support and extend previous research on sexual self-disclosure and relational outcomes and introduce descriptions of sexual communication comfort to highlight the risky and necessary nature of sexual communication.

Women’s economic status and sexual negotiation: re-evaluation of the ‘normative precedent’ in Tanzania

Women's ability to negotiate the conditions and circumstances of sexual relations is central to their sexual and reproductive health, including mitigating HIV risk. In Africa, gender-based power imbalances constrain women's sexual agency. Research has suggested that among couples in sub-Saharan African countries, such as Uganda and Nigeria, sexual decision making is defined by a ‘normative precedent’ in the form of a set of rules and practices conferring sexual authority on men. Using qualitative data among women in paid work and among men, this study explored interpersonal relations and sexual negotiation in Tanzania. Data were collected in two sites, Dar es Salaam and Mbeya. The normative precedent for sexual decision making was universally understood by men and women. Women did not perceive paid work as giving them greater bargaining power in the domain of sex. In Mbeya, a high-HIV area, some women perceived that refusing sex would encourage men to have additional sexual partners, thus increasing their susceptibility to HIV. Other women, however, believed that suspicions about men's behaviour combined with accurate HIV knowledge, provided leverage for women to refuse sex. In both sites, challenges to the normative precedent were evident, particularly among younger men. Both men and women expressed a preference for equality in sexual decision making.

Walkie-Talkies, Wandering, and Sonic Intimacy

Walkie-Talkies, Wandering, and Sonic Intimacy

The Sexual Negotiation Space of Women in the Marital rape in Jember

This study focuses on sexual negotiations carried out by women because of the marital rape that their husbands did. Marital rape itself is a form of violence or forced sexual activity of a husband to his wife. Where, in this case, there are women's rights violated. It is based on the dichotomous ideal role of women and men in marriage, which is a manifestation of gender status that has implications for the division and subordination of sexuality to women. The researcher used the theory of feminist existentialism Simone de Beauvoir, to show the position of women as a socio-culture and sexually subordinated people and women's ability to demonstrate their existence through sexual negotiations in marriage. This study used qualitative feminist methods by using in-depth interviews with seven women who experienced problems with marital rape in their marriage. The results of this study are that sexual negotiation is created because of sexual injustice in the form of marital rape experienced by women in their marriages, where the sexual negotiation room is used by women to bargain with their husbands or even themselves. This process of negotiation shows that women can also fight or show their existence in marriage. It means that women do not have to sacrifice their marriage to be able to show their existence. Women can still be the subjects while borrowing the same structure as patriarchy.
 Keywords: marital rape, women, sexual negotiations.
 Referensi:
 Arivia, Gandis. 2013. Subyek yang Dikekang. Jakarta: Komunitas Salihara-Hivos.
 Bauvoir, Simone De. 2003. SECOND SEX: Kehidupan Perempuan. Pustaka Promethea
 Fakih, Mansour. 2012. Analisis Gender dan Tranformasi Sosial. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar
 Foucault, Michel. 1997. Sejarah Seksualitas: Seks Dan Kekuasaan. Jakarta: Pustaka Utama
 Gamble, Sarah. 2010. Pengantar Memahami Feminisme dan Postfeminisme. Yogyakarta: Jalasutra.
 Painter, Kate. 1991. Wife Rape in the United Kingdom. A paper presented at the American Society of Criminology. Diakses pada 15 januari 2019 melalui http://www.crim.cam.ac.uk/people/academic_research/kate_painter/wiferape.pdf; on.
 Marlina, Milda. 2007. Marital rape: Kekerasan Seksual Pada Istri. Yogyakarta : Pustaka pesantren.
 Tong, Rosemarie Putnam. 2010. Feminis Thought: Pengantar Paling Kompeherensif Kepada Arus Utama Pemikiran Feminis. Yogyakarta: Jalasutra.
 Hadiwijono, Harun. 2010. Sari Sejarah Filsafat Barat 2. Yogyakarta: Kanisius.
 Woods, Laurie. "Books Review: Rape In Marriage.”. 1983. Laws & Inequality: A Journal Of Theory And Practice (University Of Minnesota Libraries Publishing)

Substance abuse and HIV/STD prevention at a Hispanic-serving institution in South Texas: A study of racial/ethnic and gender heterogeneity and intersectionality

The purpose of this study is to examine racial/ethnic and gender variations and intersectionality in the knowledge, attitudes, intentions, and behaviors pertaining to substance abuse (SA) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/sexually transmitted disease (STD) prevention among racial/ethnic minority college students (ages 18–24) in South Texas. A total of 535 minority students completed a baseline survey between 2014 and 2016 (N = 535). Results revealed statistically significant (ranging from p < .05 to p < .001) racial/ethnic and gender variations in SA and HIV/STD prevention-related knowledge, attitudes, intentions, and behaviors. However, the significant interaction effects (i.e., intersectionality) were observed only for two of the nine composite variables. That is, although male minority students exhibited lower levels of awareness of sexual risks and safe sex negotiation skills than female minority students, Hispanic male students appeared to fare better in both awareness of sexual risks (p < .01) and safe sex negotiation skills (p < .05) compared to students of other racial/ethnic origin. Implications for prevention and intervention work involving minority college students are discussed.