Sewerage Services Research Articles

Occurrence of male-specific and somatic coliphages and relationship with rainfall in privately-owned wells from peri‑urban and rural households

Privately-owned drinking water wells serving fewer than 25 people (private wells) are prevalent and understudied across most of the US. Private wells primarily serve rural households located outside of municipal drinking water and sewerage service coverage areas. These wells are not regulated by United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under the Safe Drinking Water Act, are not regularly monitored by any public agency or utility, and generally do not undergo disinfection treatment. Coliphages are a group of viruses that infect coliform bacteria and are useful viral surrogates for fecal contamination in water systems in much the same way that fecal indicator bacteria (FIB), such as E. coli and to a lesser extent total coliforms, are used to quantify fecal contamination. Coliphages are approved by the EPA for regulatory monitoring in groundwater wells in the USA, but are not routinely used for this purpose. The present study characterizes the occurrence of male-specific and somatic coliphages, along with FIB, in private wells (n = 122) across two different counties in North Carolina. While occurrences of E. coli were rare and frequency of total coliform was generally low (~20%), male-specific and somatic coliphages were detectable in 66% and 54% of samples, respectively. Concentrations of male-specific coliphages were higher than somatics at each county and on a monthly basis. Rainfall appears to be partly influencing higher coliphage concentrations in December, January and February. This research underscores the need for increased surveillance in private wells and consideration of using coliphages in order to better characterize occurrence of fecal contamination at the time of sampling, especially during rainier months.

Protection of River Sitnica From Urban Wastewaters

Wastewater treatment is a growing problem in Kosovo. Pollution from urban wastewaters poses the greatest pressure on Kosovo rivers and their better management represents an important area of improving their ecological status. Kosovo is lacking behind in terms of achieving certain goals and implementing European Environmental Directives, especially the Water Framework Directive and Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive. The lack of wastewater treatment prior to their discharges into receiving waters presents a gap in the water sector which needs to be addressed in order to meet European standards. Kosovo, as a country with a European perspective, must approach this issue as soon as possible. According to the reports of water utilities companies, the level of sewerage services in the country is 65% while the level of wastewater treatment is 0.7% [3]. The National Water Strategy [1] aims at protecting water resources through treating wastewater before returning to the nature. According to this strategy, a number of wastewater treatment plants and accompanying infrastructure for main cities should be build. River Sitnica is main river stretching in Kosovo valley, where main urban areas are located including capital Prishtina. With aim of protection the quality of river Sitnica, a study for collection of sewage and wastewater treatment plant for capital Prishtina was prepared and its findings will be presented in this article.

Sewage static system influence on the concentrations of nitrogen compounds in unconfined aquifers

ABSTRACT This research aimed to investigate the relation between sanitary situation and groundwater quality, using the concentration of nitrogenous compounds. The aquifer studied is unconfined and situated in the periurban zone of Fortaleza (NE Brazil). Through the Geographic Information System (GIS), a relational database was created using data from the IBGE demographic census (2011), to analyze numbers of households linked to septic tanks or rudimentary cesspit. The groundwater quality was evaluated based on nitrogen compounds (N-NH3 +; NO2 -; N-NO3 -), pH, and total dissolved solids (TDS). The highest concentrations of nitrates are found in areas with a higher density of septic tanks and rudimentary cesspit. Furthermore, nitrate was more present in water table above 6.6 m, mainly in the interfluvial zones, which have a high oxidation potential. The results contribute to the loss of contamination, based on the number of households with septic tanks and rudimentary cesspit, in unconfined aquifers, which were more vulnerable to contamination, mainly in peripheric expansions areas in the cities, where the deficit in sewage services tends to be high.

Methodology for the Selection of Trenchless Sewer Rehabilitation Technologies in Bogotá, Colombia

Context: Operational and/or structural failures in sewer networks lead network operators to carry out rehabilitation tasks to maintain water transport conditions, which is why it is necessary to decide on the type of intervention to be performed, that is, i) a traditional open-ditch procedure, or ii) the use of trenchless rehabilitation technologies. Objective: This article focuses on the methodology developed and implemented in the SELECTOR program, whose purpose is to provide public service companies responsible for sewer service, as well as related professionals, with a decision tool that answers, from a technical perspective, which of the analyzed trenchless rehabilitation technologies (pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe, slip lining, and spiral wound) is the most suitable for the rehabilitation of sewer networks. Method: To this effect, it is necessary ​​to consider all the influence parameters at the time of sewer rehabilitation, define the application ranges of these trenchless technologies, extract the differential variables, use fuzzy logic verbalization, determine the priority and relationship between the variables using the data mining technique known as decision trees, and develop the SELECTOR program by means of the Visual Studio 2017® platform. Results: The differential variables for decisions regarding the application of trenchless rehabilitation technologies in underground sewerage infrastructure projects were identified. A graphic summary of the decision model was made using the verbalization diagrams and the SELECTOR program, which allows processing the information of the sewerage networks individually and for a whole sewer rehabilitation project, detailing the intervention collector to collector. Conclusions: There are eight differential variables when deciding on sewer rehabilitation. Verbalization diagrams allow to compress the decision model and facilitate its programming, and automated decision models increase effectiveness and transparency in construction processes.

Geometric Model of a Coastal Aquifer to Promote the Sustainable Use of Water. Manglaralto, Ecuador

Modeling an aquifer provides significant advantages when evaluating and estimating the water resource for its sustainable use. This study focuses on the rural parish Manglaralto, a semi-arid area with a shortage of water, and without supply service by the public network. Still, it has a great demand for supply by the local and floating population (tourism). This has caused the coastal aquifer, which supplies the area’s water, to show signs of overexploitation, and its natural balance is compromised. The aim is to establish a geometric model of the aquifer through geological and geophysical analysis to set sustainable water-use guidelines. The methodology includes: (i) the processing of the current technical and hydrogeological information to know the aquifer’s data; (ii) geometric modeling of the aquifer through the correlation of technical information, using the GeoModeller software; (iii) proposals for the sustainable use of water in the framework of the United Nations’ Agenda 2030. The geometric model results reveal that the aquifer’s thickness varies from 4 m at the head of the river to 30 m at the sea’s mouth. The volume of water is estimated at 13.6 Hm3. The sustainable-use proposals ensure that more than half of the population receives the community company’s service. More than 40% of the territory is a protected area, and 64% of the population has sewerage service. This geometric model is a visual contribution that allows us to know the aquifer’s shape and establishes guidelines that help strengthen the water supply’s development and sustainability over time.

Green Infrastructure for Sanitation in Settlements in the Global South: A Narrative Review of Socio-Technical Systems

In the developing economies of the Global South, a fundamental challenge in the transition of settlements from rural or periurban to urban is increased environmental contamination as a result of poor sanitation and sanitation management. With governments’ limited ability to connect all neighbourhoods to a city’s existing municipal water, sewerage and other services, decentralised approaches using green infrastructure offer potential to address this challenge. In addition, green infrastructure might facilitate a move towards a holistic response to manage the full water cycle. This paper presents a narrative review of green infrastructure projects, involving constructed wetlands or their variants for wastewater treatment, within vulnerable communities in the Global South. It describes the scale and scope of each project, identifies the challenges of implementation, and reflects on their outcomes for different stakeholder groups. The review demonstrates that decentralised sanitation programs using constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment can provide a range of advantages/benefits/services, dependant on the specific sociocultural, political and biogeophysical contexts of each. Issues of governance and sociocultural appropriateness, rather than technical issues, challenged the implementation of green infrastructure for sanitation in these projects. Projects must be a collaboration between the government, nongovernment organisations and the community. Whether the project is organised from top-down or bottom-up, community consultation is essential. Context will determine the role of the community in the consultation process and the type of information required to guide the design, implementation and governance of the system. In every project to provide decentralised sanitation systems, the community must be participants, not simply beneficiaries.

Basic Sanitation and Health - Challenges and Perspectives in Brazil and Brazilian Federal District

Basic sanitation has been considered an important environmental determinant of health. Mainly related to the services of drinking water availability, solid waste management, sanitation problems are aggravated by the unplanned growth of urban centers, affecting an important part of the total disease burden in the world. The Sanitation Ranking prepared by the Trata Brazil Institute (2020) was used as the basis for the studies presented here taking into account the data from the SNIS (National Sanitation Information System – Ministry of Regional Development, Brazil), which were consulted for the 100 largest Brazilian municipalities, in terms of inhabitants, in the year 2018. 27 out of the 100 largest municipalities in Brazil have 100% total water service, that is, they have universal water service. Only one municipality has 100% sewage collection (Piracicaba –SP). 14 municipalities have a sewage collection rate greater than or equal to 98%. The average indicator of sewage treatment in the municipalities is 56.07%, that is very worrying. According to SNIS 2018, the national average for the treatment of generated sewage is 46.3%; that is, the average of the 100 largest municipalities in the study is higher than the national average. However, in both cases, the indicator is at a very low level, pointing to an area whose challenges to be overcome are great. The Brazilian capital’ city (Brasilia, Federal District of Brazil) in the sanitation is ranked 27th among Brazilian capitals based on data from the National Sanitation Information System (2018). The new Basic Sanitation Legal Framework, signed on July 15, 2020 has as its main objective to universalize and qualify the provision of services in the sector. The Federal Government’s goal is to achieve universal access by 2033, ensuring that 99% of the Brazilian population has access to drinking water and 90% to sewage collection and treatment. The expectation is that the universalization of water and sewage services will reduce annual health costs by up to 290 million USD.

Assessing the Quality of Service of Water Companies: a ‘Benefit of the Doubt’ Composite Indicator

Evaluating the quality of service (QS) provided by water companies is essential to benchmark and regulate them. Composite indicators (CIs) are a useful tool for this as they consist of aggregated multiple performance indicators in a single index, providing a holistic assessment of the QS of water companies. In this study, the novel ‘benefit of doubt’ methodology was used in order to evaluate the QS of a sample of Chilean water companies, by computing CIs that integrate both direct and reverse indicators. Moreover, the estimation of the Nerlove–Luenberger super-efficiency CI allowed for the ranking of water companies based on their QS. Results showed that, on average, Chilean water companies provide water and sewerage services with high quality, as the mean CI of the QS estimated was 0.93. Nevertheless, the QS of 2 of the 24 water companies evaluated stood out remarkably. The second-stage analysis conducted revealed that the ownership and peak factor of water companies and water consumed by customers affects the QS of water companies. The methodological approach followed in this study to evaluate the QS of water companies would be very useful for water regulators, as the CI computed integrates both desirable and undesirable outputs.

Адаптація міжнародних підходів до формування системи статистичних показників аналізу використання водних ресурсів на рівні міста

The article aims at substantiating the theoretical and methodological foundations for creating a unified statistical indicators system and statistical analysis of the water resources management at the city level. The advantages of using standardized indicators in the field of sanitation and water supply at the city level are identified and characterized in accordance with ISO 37120: 2014 «Sustainable cities and communities – indicators of urban services and quality of life». Both the main and auxiliary indicators of urban services and quality of life on «Water and sanitary conditions» and «Sewage» topics are systematized as for their formulas, application features and data sources. It is established that, according to the Water Risk Filter, Ukraine can be divided into four regions depending on the water risk, namely, low, moderately medium, medium, and high water risk levels. Based on these data, such cities from the Global Register of Cities developed by the World Council on City Data (WCCD) were selected: Amsterdam (Netherlands), Barcelona (Spain), Dubai (United Arab Emirates), Guadalajara (Mexico). Their indicators in the field of sanitation and water supply were analyzed. It is established that these cities are characterized by a high level of water supply and sewerage services, as well as a fairly high level of the access to high-quality sanitary and hygienic conditions. The situation with quality indicators of water management is worse. For example, advanced waste treatment is only carried out in Dubai. In Guadalajara, 21% of urban wastewater is not treated at all. It is established that in general, Dubai is the leader in the quality of water supply and sanitation services, while Guadalajara is the outsider city, showing the lowest quality levels of most of the studied indicators. The national system of indicators is suggested to be expanded by including such an indicator as «Average annual duration of water supply outages per 1 household»

Assessment of Employee Recognition on Performance of Organization: A Case of Meru Water and Sewerage Services

Assessment of Employee Recognition on Performance of Organization: A Case of Meru Water and Sewerage Services

Agua, Inc.: Water Wars, Aqua-Terrorism, and Speculative Economy in Latinx and Transborder Cinema

Agua, Inc.:Water Wars, Aqua-Terrorism, and Speculative Economy in Latinx and Transborder Cinema Kristy L. Ulibarri (bio) In 1999, the World Bank forced the Bolivian agency SEMAPA (Servicio Municipal de Agua Potable y Alcantarillado [Municipal Drinking Water and Sewage Service]) to privatize their water supply to pay off debt. The sole contract bidder was aguas del tunari, a consortium of British, Spanish, and Bolivian companies. The consortium's terms were aggressive: a mandatory forty-year contract, installation of water meters at their discretion, charges for communal water systems, required fees for the collection of rainwater, and plans to complete the Misicuni Dam project, which resulted in rate increases that charged residents a substantial percentage of their monthly income. Protests in Cochabamba, Bolivia, began almost immediately and intensified in 2000 as protestors barricaded streets and highways, implemented a general strike, and occupied the Central Plaza. All this was met with tear gas and police violence that eventually led President hugo banzer to call a state of emergency. Residents called this la guerra del agua, and their fight led to the reversal of water privatization in the area.1 Just over a decade later, Icíar Bollaín directs and releases También la lluvia (Even the Rain) [End Page 431] (2010), set during these same historic events. The film is about the making of a Spanish conquest film amid the Cochabamba Water War and utilizes documentary-style camera work while scrutinizing the transborder film industry. The backdrop of the Water War paints Bollaín's film as a social realist picture, but its stylistic choices also demonstrate how the culture industry participates in the very structures of exploitation that gave rise to la guerra del agua. Produced in Mexico a couple of years prior, Peruvian-American filmmaker Alex Rivera releases Sleep Dealer (2008), a futuristic film about water corporatocracy in Mexico and the U.S. that shows how this corporate governance produces resource scarcity, labor exploitation, and ever-more specialized forms of security. While Rivera's speculative film interrogates the very real and current violences of market globalization, its imagination for resistance is unable to envision a future fully outside the new economy of water. While both films engage with the relationship between water privatization and water scarcity through very different cinematic styles and genres, both reveal how the culture industry plays a powerful role in this market violence. This essay begins with these real and fictional water wars because it is concerned with how resource scarcity, especially regarding water, structures these political, economic, and cultural encounters and entanglements. In one sense, transnational and multinational corporate practices in these cinematic narratives dismantle the economies of the people and dispossess them from the material realities of water infrastructure, but in another sense, this violence is the catalyst for imagining revolution and resistance to an overwhelming global economy. This essay considers this paradox through Rivera's Sleep Dealer and Bollaín's También la lluvia. Both films were shot and released during and in the wake of the global Great Recession (2007–2009), and both bring to the screen futuristic and historical worlds where water shapes the livelihoods of transborder [End Page 432] communities. The two films join a small but significant archive of Latinx and transborder films about these communities' relationship to water. Select films such as Robert Redford's 1988 adaptation of John Nichols's The Milagro Beanfield War (1974), Carl Franklin's 2013 adaptation of Rudolfo Anaya's Bless Me, Ultima (1972), Jonás Cuáron's Desierto (2015), and Guillermo del Toro's The Shape of Water (2017) all utilize the figure of water (or lack thereof) to interrogate social relations. By calling these films Latinx and transborder, I mean to foreground their transmigratory crossing and moving between and over physical and figurative borders—nationally, economically, and ethno-racially—primarily across Latin America, Mexico, and the U.S., and such movements often lay bare the structures of power and inequality embedded within the social order.2 Sleep Dealer and También la lluvia especially show how market forces produce anxieties about water scarcity that target predominantly racialized and precarious communities. Sleep Dealer and También la lluvia...

Industry Fragmentation and Wastewater Efficiency: A Case Study of Hyogo Prefecture in Japan

The efficient operation of sewerage services is impacted by various factors such as geographic and topographical conditions, diversity of vertical and horizontal organizational structure, ownership types, and level of public–private partnership. The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, as the primary regulator of the sewerage industry in Japan, has conducted policy reforms to address issues facing the country in the 21st century: population decline, aging population, potentially high investment needs due to the aging facilities and frequent natural disasters, and fiscal pressures given the country’s high debt to gross domestic product ratio. The ministry has set out several policy directions, with the most important being wide-area consolidation (WAC). Given the fragmented nature of Japan's municipally controlled sewerage system with different entities serving different customer types, the optimal consolidation strategy might differ both within and between Japan’s 47 prefectures. We therefore conducted a case study of Hyogo Prefecture, which has identified several subprefecture regions within which to pursue WAC. Our aim was to gain a better understanding of how the complex characteristics and fragmentation impact not only current sewerage entity performance, but also the required approach to achieve the benefits from WAC. We argue that WAC policy objectives would be best achieved by establishing consolidated regional public sewer authorities, which should adopt one of the following consolidation strategies, depending on their own characteristics: consolidation to improve operational performance without physical integration; consolidation around a non-urban river basin system to improve treatment and collection efficiency; consolidation around a regional champion city to support small municipalities; consolidation around an urban river basin system of all operations and infrastructure; and urban consolidation of operations, collection, and treatment infrastructure.

Statistical Prediction Method of Sewer Service Life Years Extended by Appropriate Cleaning and Repair

Statistical Prediction Method of Sewer Service Life Years Extended by Appropriate Cleaning and Repair

Determinación de Línea Base para el Desarrollo de Actividades Comunitarias de la Escuela de Ingeniería Automotriz de la Universidad Internacional del Ecuador extensión Guayaquil

El objetivo de este estudio es poder determinar la línea base para el desarrollo de actividades de vinculación con la comunidad en el programa denominado Laboratorio Social Chongón 2019 - 2022. El proyecto tiene como objeto incrementar el conocimiento en educación vial y ambiental entorno al uso de motos y tricimotos como medio de transporte a través de la trasferencia de conocimiento de estudiantes de la escuela de ingeniería automotriz de la universidad a los habitantes de los alrededores del Centro de Atención Municipal Integral (CAMI) de Chongón. La metodología aplicada en el estudio fue cuantitativa y se realizó mediante la toma de 40 encuestas a personas del sector por parte de estudiantes y docentes de la universidad. El estudio tuvo un carácter descriptivo no inferencial. Las preguntas fueron dirigidas a indagar sobre condiciones del sector como el nivel de señalización, accidentes (fuentes y concentración geográfica), conocimientos de leyes de tránsito, alcantarillado y servicios básicos. Esta exploración de datos se realizó a una muestra no representativa para la población del sector. Los resultados muestran un alto nivel de accidentes en el centro de Chongón ocasionados por motos donde los encuestados expresan la necesidad de que se mejore la señalética en el sector y capacitaciones que permitan aclarar los requisitos y teoría necesaria para obtener la licencia tipo A, educación vial orientada a la prevención de accidentes y seguridad industrial enfocada en el manejo de residuos. Como conclusión, se determinó la línea base para el desarrollo de actividades de vinculación comunitaria de la Escuela de Ingeniería Automotriz extensión Guayaquil dentro del programa Laboratorio Social UIDE.

Precariety of basic sanitation and the presence of the african snail (Achatina Fulica Bowdich, 1822) in the city of Manaus / AM-Brasil

The African snail (Achatina fulica) represents a serious risk to public health as it is a vector of disease such as eosinophilic meningitis. This mollusk has become abundant in urban environments, where its habitat is the areas located around rivers and vacant lots. Due to this context, it was the main objective of the present research, the identification of the areas of occurrence of the African snail in face of the precarious situation of sanitation in Manaus. The methodology was worked through field surveys, georeferencing and use of the database of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The results show that in the 126 areas mapped with the presence of the African snail, 119 census tracts are marked by the existence of untreated sewage and inadequate destination. In these sectors, the highest population density of the species was noted. The precarious situation of sanitation in the capital of Amazonas, shows that only 12.3% of the population receives sewage collection service, and the scarcity of sewage services becomes the main factor in favoring the spread of African snails in Manaus.

Evaluation of the Efficiency of Basic Sanitation Integrated Management in Brazilian Municipalities.

This study aims to evaluate the level of technical efficiency of companies that perform the integrated management of basic sanitation in Brazilian municipalities. A Multiple Data Envelopment Analysis (M-DEA) model was applied to estimate the performance of water supply and sewage services in municipalities covering more than of the Brazilian population, identifying the factors that most influence the efficiency of the sector in the years 2008 and 2016. The M-DEA methodology is an extension of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) with multiple DEA executions considering all combinations of inputs and outputs to calculate efficiency scores. The methodology reduces possible biases in the selection of resources and products of the model, ability to support decision-making in favor of improvements in the sector′s efficiency based on national regulatory framework. The analyses show that the companies analyzed can increase their operating results and attendance coverage by more than , given the current levels of infrastructure, human and financial resources in the sector. Based on the simulation of potential efficiency gains in Brazilian basic sanitation companies, the estimates show that the coverage of the population with access to sanitary sewage would go from the current to . The evidence found provides indications to subsidize sanitation management in the country at the micro-analytical level, enabling a better competitive position in the sector for the integrated management of basic sanitation and its universalization in Brazil.

Para una ecología política del agua: análisis de la periferia metropolitana de Río de Janeiro (Brasil)

This paper presents a debate on water policy and ecology focuses on access to water and sewage network in the outskirts of the Metropolitan Area of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). A theoretical and critical discussion is held based on political ecology and an overview of access to water and the sewage network is presented, according to data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. Qualitative analysis of the data shows that access is inefficient for the majority of the population in the periphery and indicates the need for further observation on the quality of water and sewage services. Another highlight is the need for greater reflection on the sector’s privatization, since water cannot be treated as a commodity, but as an essential right for the populations.

Factors that determine the sustainability of the basic sanitation service in Manizales

Sewage treatment is one of the great challenges in water management. In this regard, 80% of wastewater is discharged into water sources without any treatment, thus ignoring the fundamental right of access to water and sanitation and its implications for the well-being and development of populations. Colombia since the 50's began the strategy of improving water and sanitation. Seven decades of design and implementation of policies in favor of the expansion of coverage in aqueduct, sewerage and sanitation services, with significant advances for aqueduct and sewerage services and with great challenges facing the need to focus and optimize efforts to be more efficient and make the sanitation. The study and understanding of sustainable basic sanitation was carried out through the search for secondary information carried out in sectoral reports and research documents, where factors that positively or negatively affected the provision of the sanitation service were identified. On the other hand, the understanding of the social and political dynamics of the territory allows in the context of the city of Manizales to identify and analyze the perceptions from the three pillars of sustainability, natural environment, social environment and economic environment of two interest groups in the company Aguas de Manizales SA ESP, provider of the aqueduct and sewerage service in the city, through the application of a user survey and the carrying out of focus groups with institutions and community leaders. Lastly, solutions and strategies are proposed that eliminate causes or reduce the impacts that make it impossible to consolidate the public sanitation service or to maintain it over time.

Sanitation conditions of indigenous and nonindigenous households in Brazil according the 2000 and 2010 national censuses.

This study compares the availability of basic sanitation infrastructure in indigenous and nonindigenous household located in urban and rural areas using data from the 2000 and 2010 Brazilian National Censuses. The analyses were based on descriptive statistics and modelling with multiple logistic regression. While there was an increase in the availability of basic sanitation in Brazilian households over the decade, indigenous households continued to have worse conditions in 2010. Sewage was the sanitation service with the lowest coverage in both censuses, and indigenous households had a lower rate of sewage services than nonindigenous households did. Logistic regression results confirmed the findings of the descriptive analyses, attesting to the fact that sanitation conditions are worse in indigenous households. In some areas, such as the urban North and Southeast and rural areas of the Central-West region, the gap in basic sanitation infrastructure between indigenous and nonindigenous households increased from 2000 to 2010. This study not only indicates the less-adequate sanitation conditions in indigenous households in Brazil but also attests to the persistence of major inequalities associated with race or color in the country.

Proposed Framework of Performance Indicators for Evaluation of Sewerage Services: A Case Study of Seoul Metropolitan Government

Objectives : The objective of this study was to develop the performance indicators (PIs) framework for the assessment of sewerage services, especially focused on the case of the Seoul Metropolitan Government (SMG).Methods : For the prioritization of each indicator, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was employed to obtain the weights of individual performance ratings, and hence the survey questionnaire asking to make pairwise comparisons between two alternatives at each level was distributed to the experts in field of sewerage services. A total of fifty-six experts responded to the survey, and based on their decision-making, the relative importance of criteria and alternatives were calculated.Results and Discussion : The PI framework developed in this study consists of three hierarchical structures with levels 1 to 3, in which level 1 indicates three goals of the sewerage services, level 2 contains ten performance indicators, and level 3 includes twenty technical performance indicators. Of the framework, especially, the 10 PIs in the level 2 are designed to be open to the public after converting them into the grades. Of level 1, the water environmental soundness showed 62% of the entire weights was found to be the most prioritized objective, followed by the sewer service sustainability (27%) and the customer compliance to policy (11%), respectively. Of 10 PIs in level 2, ‘No odor sewerage system’ and ‘No flooding sewerage system’ were the two most weighted indicators.Conclusions : The proposed PIs framework is expected to provide an insight to develop the project of 2040 master plan for sewage and drainage system of the SMG. Although the scope of the study is in particular limited to the case of the SMG, this PI framework can be replicated in any local government with modified adaptation.