Sewage Pumping Station Research Articles

Dynamics of Volatile Sulfur Compounds and Volatile Organic Compounds in Sewer Headspace Air

A 2-year monitoring study was conducted at a sewer pumping station to investigate volatile sulfur compound (VSC) and volatile organic compound (VOC) emission dynamics over a range of timescales to gain an understanding of how they impact the design and execution of sewer odorant monitoring. It is demonstrated that the sewer system was highly dynamic and influenced by a range of processes at different time scales. Based upon odor activity values, hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan had strong potential to be odorous, while dimethyl sulfide and dimethyl disulfide were potentially odorous at source concentrations. In general, VOCs were not likely to be odorous at source concentrations, although some episodic elevations in aromatic hydrocarbon and terpene concentrations to potentially odorous levels were observed and as a result VSCs are the primary targets for sewer odor abatement. A strong diurnal emission cycle was observed, with dynamic ranges (ratio of peak to average concentration) between 2.34 and 4.55 for specific VSCs and 1.82 to 10.6 for specific VOCs. Interday variability over a 1-week period was relatively low for many VSCs, with coefficients of variance generally ranging from 11 to 30%, while VOC emissions had greater variability, with coefficients of variance ranging from 29 to 220%.

Event-driven model predictive control of sewage pumping stations for sulfide mitigation in sewer networks

Chemicals such as Mg(OH)2 and iron salts are widely dosed to sewage for mitigating sulfide-induced corrosion and odour problems in sewer networks. The chemical dosing rate is usually not automatically controlled but profiled based on experience of operators, often resulting in over- or under-dosing. Even though on-line control algorithms for chemical dosing in single pipes have been developed recently, network-wide control algorithms are currently not available. The key challenge is that a sewer network is typically wide-spread comprising many interconnected sewer pipes and pumping stations, making network-wide sulfide mitigation with a relatively limited number of dosing points challenging. In this paper, we propose and demonstrate an Event-driven Model Predictive Control (EMPC) methodology, which controls the flows of sewage streams containing the dosed chemical to ensure desirable distribution of the dosed chemical throughout the pipe sections of interests. First of all, a network-state model is proposed to predict the chemical concentration in a network. An EMPC algorithm is then designed to coordinate sewage pumping station operations to ensure desirable chemical distribution in the network. The performance of the proposed control methodology is demonstrated by applying the designed algorithm to a real sewer network simulated with the well-established SeweX model using real sewage flow and characteristics data. The EMPC strategy significantly improved the sulfide mitigation performance with the same chemical consumption, compared to the current practice.

Hydraulic Design and Management of Wastewater Transport Systems

Hydraulic Design and Management of Wastewater Transport Systems is a manual resulting from the research project CAPWAT (CAPacity loss in wasteWATer pressure pipelines), which researched the mechanisms for the creation, stagnation and discharge of gas bubbles in wastewater pressure pipelines. During this six-year research programme, it was recognised that there is no hydraulic manual/guideline that focuses on the entire wastewater pressure pipeline system, the processes it includes, and the interaction between the pressure pipeline and the pumping station. This manual provides a compilation of all the hydraulic knowledge that is necessary for designing a wastewater transport system and to manage it operationally. The wastewater transport system is the link between the collection and treatment of the wastewater and the collection system includes, among others, the gravity flow sewage system from the house (or consumer) and service connection through street and main sewers up to the suction basins. The transport system, for which this manual was written, includes the suction basin, the sewage pumping station and the pressure pipelines. Wastewater transport systems are becoming more complex due to building larger sewage water treatment plants, wastewater being transported over greater distances and increasingly more (and smaller) pipelines connecting to the main sewers. The operation of the pumping stations is largely determined by how the entire system behaves. Insight into this operation is, therefore, crucial for proper design and management. The central point of the design is to create an independent and safe system with the necessary transport capacity at minimum societal costs. Predominantly, the management aspect focuses on guidelines to maintain the design principles regarding capacity and required energy. ISBN: 9781780407814 (eBook) ISBN: 9781780407821 (Print)

ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN OPERATING SEWAGE TREATMENT FACILITIES

The paper states that operating sewage pumping station always goes together with high electrical energy consumption, even if most suitable sewage pumping is used. Under conditions of strongly marked land forms with height difference the authors suggest using the so-called “continuity of stream” and claim that it would result in short-term work of water-pumping sets. This method would allow to enlarge water-pumping sets overhaul period and to reduce energy costs. The paper introduces practical results obtained while operating a certain sewage facility. These results make possible to calculate the efficiency of the introduces method of clean water runoff pumping.

PhD in Engineering, associate professor Department of Applied Mathematics and Information Technologies

It is considered the system of management of sewage pumping station with regulators based on a neuron network with fuzzy logic. Linguistic rules for the controller based on fuzzy logic, maintaining the level of effluent in the receiving tank within the prescribed limits are developed. The use of genetic algorithms for neuron network training is shown.

Conceptual framework for sewer pump problems allowing for fuzzy logic application

Sewer pump station problems in separate sewer systems (separate from stormwater drainage systems) were investigated in order to derive a conceptual framework for decision making. Notwithstanding the fundamental service that efficient sewage pumping provides to a community, it was apparent that limited research has been published on the topic. Research was undertaken to identify, investigate and classify problems at existing operational sewage pump stations by means of site visits, interviews, and an extensive knowledge review. A conceptual framework for sewer pump problems was subsequently derived. The application of the framework is illustrated by means of a fuzzy logic approach to one of the problem classes identified. This study sets the scene for further research into fuzzy-based efficiency indices pertaining to different sewer system components and the ultimate application in sewer system decision support tools.Keywords: sanitary sewers, pump station problems, framework

Mechanical Behavior and Durability of Fibre Reinforced Mortar in an Aggressive Environment

This study was carried out to examine the mechanical behavior and durability of mortar with or without addition of silica fume, with and without steel fibre reinforcement. Three tests were carried out: strength, depth of pH reduction and micro-structural analysis by SEM. The mixes studied had two water cement ratios (0.5; 0.65); with a 0.5% steel fibre content and 10% silica fume content (in substitution of cement). To characterize the durability performance of the mortars studied, samples were exposed to one-year in three environments: wet environment (control samples under laboratory conditions, 20°C and 95% RH) and exposure samples: in cyclic environment (wetting and drying) and a sewage pumping station sump (an aggressive environment). SEM observations were carried out on samples to study the micro structural changes in the mortar's matrix. One sees the organic matter deposits located inside a pore and one can see the formation of the secondary ettringite. It is concluded that the compressive strength of the samples are relatively unaffected by mix type and environment. The samples exposed to sewage exhibited evidence a depth of pH reduction.

Design And Construction Of A Prototype In-Line Sewage Pumping Station And Off-Line Storgae Facility To Reduce Force Main Pressures During Significant Wet Weather Events

Design And Construction Of A Prototype In-Line Sewage Pumping Station And Off-Line Storgae Facility To Reduce Force Main Pressures During Significant Wet Weather Events

Controlling chemical dosing for sulfide mitigation in sewer networks using a hybrid automata control strategy

Chemicals such as magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) and iron salts are widely used to control sulfide-induced corrosion in sewer networks composed of interconnected sewer pipe lines and pumping stations. Chemical dosing control is usually non-automatic and based on experience, thus often resulting in sewage reaching the discharge point receiving inadequate or even no chemical dosing. Moreover, intermittent operation of pumping stations makes traditional control theory inadequate. A hybrid automata-based (HA-based) control method is proposed in this paper to coordinate sewage pumping station operations by considering their states, thereby ensuring suitable chemical concentrations in the network discharge. The performance of the proposed control method was validated through a simulation study of a real sewer network using real sewage flow data. The physical, chemical and biological processes were simulated using the well-established SeweX model. The results suggested that the HA-based control strategy significantly improved chemical dosing control performance and sulfide mitigation in sewer networks, compared to the current common practice.

Frequency Constant Pressure Control System Based on PLC

Sewage pumping station is pumping station import at the sewage treatment plant. Its role is to collect the wastewater from the sewage pipe network to subsequent wastewater treatment process facilities. The water level is usually low in sewage collection pipe network. And many wastewater treatment facilities is based on elevation settings. So it is necessary to use lift pump to improve lift of the collected sewage, using high gravity sewage errands subsequent process in order to reduce energy consumption. The traditional way of pumping generally has the shortcomings: the waste of power resources, low efficiency, poor reliability, low degree of automation, which seriously affects the urban sewage treatment capacity. This paper, views pump station control system at the sewage treatment plant as the background, researches frequency control constant pressure control system based on PLC, realizes the energy efficient, automated and reliable direction of development of the sewage pumping station.

Intelligent control of sewage pumps

Pump blockages and rags are a significant barrier to realizing energy and operational efficiencies in wastewater pumping throughout the world. In this case study, Graeme Moore of Scottish Water details the blockage problems at the company's Levenhall Sewage Pumping Station and discusses the approach taken to their solution.

Optimal control in sewage applications

This paper describes the possibilities for energy optimisation in sewage pumping stations, and why continuous optimisation is necessary in order to gain the full benefits. Here we look at new up and coming features that will enhance performance-on-demand, ensuring that minimum energy consumption is always obtained despite of changes in the system.

An artificial intelligence approach for optimizing pumping in sewer systems

This paper presents details of a fuzzy logic system developed for the control of sewer pumping stations for energy costs savings. This is part of an ongoing collaborative project between Anglian Water and the University of Sheffield. The model rules and operation are developed for one representative pumping station in order to enable the identification of potential benefits and inhibitors to Anglian Water. Results are included that demonstrate the potential for energy cost-savings by application to a single pumping station for dry weather flow conditions and through comparison to current on/off switching rules. The fuzzy system is shown to be robust to changes in flow pattern (using both modelled inflow data and real data from a flow survey), but sensitive to changes in price structures. Application of a genetic algorithm (GA) search technique was used to adjust the parameters that define the membership functions in the fuzzy rules, in order to provide automated minimization of the energy costs towards an optimal solution. The GA system is shown to be transferable to another pumping station with different pump sizes, wet well capacity and inflow pattern. The GA solution outperformed the base case in terms of energy costs and switching totals.

Oslo Consumers Willing to Pay More for Improved Services

The city of Oslo in southern Norway has a population of about 600,000 people and is supplied with water by three water treatment plants—Oset, Skullerud, and Langlia—that draw raw water from Maridalsvannet, Elvåga, and Langlivannet lakes, respectively. Treated water from the four plants reaches consumers in the domestic, industrial, and commercial sectors of the city through approximately 35,000 water pipes with a total length of more than 1,500 kilometres. Sewage and stormwater (i.e., rainwater and snowmelt) are transported to two wastewater treatment plants—Bekkelaget Vann As (BEVAS) and Vestfjorden Avløpselskap (VEAS)—through more than 54,000 pipes with a total length of about 2,200 kilometres. Water and sewage pumping stations pressurize the respective flows. The treated effluent wends its way into the Oslo Fjord, which is contiguous with the Atlantic Ocean. Like all urban water and sanitation agencies, the Oslo VAV (water and sewage works) has challenges, and “sustainable development” is becoming a key point on its agenda. Govindarajan Venkatesh, a researcher in the Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), and Rita Ugarelli, adjunct professor at NTNU and research scientist at SINTEF [the largest independent research organization in Scandanavia], interviewed Per Kristiansen, assistant director and head of the operations department at the Oslo VAV, at his Oslo office regarding the management of Oslo's water and wastewater system.

Supervision of Pumps and their Operating Conditions in Sewage Pumping Stations

The main energy consumers in sewer networks are the sewage pumps. Therefore, to minimize the energy consumption, it is essential that these pumps operate under satisfactory conditions. Knowledge about the efficiency of the pumps and their operating conditions can help the pump station management to operate the system optimal. In the search for innovative solutions that can help the sewer management with this information, we propose a method that provides information on the pump flows, the inflow to a sewage pit, and an online estimate of the efficiency of the pump. All these information are obtained without a flow sensor. We argued that the calculated flow values can be used by the sewer management to optimize the operation on the sewer pumps, and the efficiency estimate can be used for optimal scheduling of maintain procedures. The flow and the efficiency estimations are exemplified on a pumping station of the sewer network in Herning, Denmark.

Development of Noise Simulation Model for Stationary and Mobile Sources: A GIS-Based Approach

In the rapidly urbanizing country like India, the transportation sector is growing rapidly, which lead to overcrowded roads producing air and noise pollution. Noise of a particular region is influenced by the volume of traffic on the highway, in addition to other causative factors like existing infrastructure and industrial setup etc. In the present paper, a geographical information system (GIS)-based noise simulation model has been developed to generate noise levels in Versova region of Mumbai, India. The study area comprises effect of infrastructure, road network, traffic volume, and various mechanical components like sewage pumping station and wastewater treatment facility. Various meteorological parameters and effect of land use and land cover on noise attenuation are also considered in the model. In this way, commutative noise prediction for point as well as mobile sources has been presented in the study. GIS-based noise simulation has been calibrated with observed noise levels during day and night time with correlation of 0.84 and 0.74, respectively.

Metals pollution tracing in the sewerage network using the diffusive gradients in thin films technique

Diffusive Gradients in Thin-films (DGT) is a quantitative, passive monitoring technique that can be used to measure concentrations of trace species in situ in solutions. Its potential for tracing metals pollution in the sewer system has been investigated by placing the DGT devices into sewage pumping stations and into manholes, to measure the concentration of certain metals in the catchment of a sewage treatment works with a known metals problem. In addition the methodology and procedure of using the DGT technique in sewers was investigated. Parameters such as temperature and pH were measured to ensure they were within the limits required by the DGT devices, and the optimum deployment time was examined. It was found that although the results given by the DGT technique could not be considered to be fully quantitative, they could be used to identify locations that were showing an excess concentration of metals, and hence trace pollution back to its source. The DGT technique is 'user friendly' and requires no complicated equipment for deployment or collection, and minimal training for use. It is thought that this is the first time that the DGT technique has been used in situ in sewers for metals pollution tracing.

MODELING THE DISTRIBUTION OF (BOD) AND (TDS) IN PART OF TIGRIS RIVER WITHIN BAGHDAD

A multi-cells in serial model was developed to simulate the distribution of pollutants (whichare BOD5 and TDS) in Tigris river between Al-A'imma bridge and Al-Jumhuria bridge ,a reachwhich is about (9 km) length within Baghdad city; this includes four sewage pumping stationsuntreated discharged to the river.This region was divided into eleven cells of different volumes. The model was operatedusing the field data, which were obtained from the results of laboratory test of samples which werecollected from twelve stations in the river and four sewage pumping stations located within thestudy region twice a month from 15/11/2005 to 30/4/2006. Verification of the simulation model wasaccomplished by its application to predict the substances concentrations observed.A package program of differential equation were applied to obtain the concentrations ofparameters and modeling the water quality, it was concluded that the concentrations of pollutantswere increased at the discharge points in the river, the concentration of BOD5 reached 140ppm at1.4km from the beginning of the study region, 170ppm at 5km, 160ppm at 6.5km and 155ppm at7.5km, then BOD5 became within the acceptable values in the other regions and finally it reachesthe acceptable value after the last discharge point (7.8km) from the beginning of the study region,TDS was within the acceptable range except at 5km it reaches 1100ppm. sewage pumping stationsshouldn't set at high discharge rate (12 hr/day) to decrease the pollutants concentrations in Tigrisriver in order to keep these concentrations within the acceptable values specially at low flow of theriver (250 m3/sec).By using Surfer program to show the distribution of model results (obtained from theprevious program) and the field results (which were obtained from the laboratory tests) and tocompute the comparison between them.

Cutting clogging in wastewater

Clogging, or ‘ragging’, is a major headache for operators of sewage pumping stations, and can be very costly in terms of downtime and possible sewage pollution. Prof. Dr.-Ing. Paul Uwe Thamsen of TU Berlin – Fluidsystemdynamik explains how recent research may change all this.

Reliability Improvements in Sewage Pumping Using Diagnosis with active Reaction

The presentation deals with a new approach in diagnosis systems especially for sewage pumping stations. Special focus lies on reducing operational problems due to clogging within the pumping system. Whereas actual Diagnosis systems just give out warnings about operational or mechanical problems, the new developed system is able to initiate automatically an adequate reaction to avoid or remove clogging. Reactions are done by the existing components or with special electrical/mechanical actors, both controlled by the diagnosis front end or by pump control software. The automatically reaction is integrated in upcoming complex remote control systems for sewage pumping systems of medium to large size cities. Increasing reliability and reducing energy consumption result in overall better economy.