Since the introduction of psychopharmacologic therapy it is known that severe psychic and neurologic side effects are found during treatment with neuroleptic and antidepressant drugs. At first, disturbances of the extrapyramidal motor system were observed, such as paroxysmal dyskinesias, a Parkinson-like picture with tremor and akinesia. Finally, persisting extrapyramidal motor disorders were described, mostly in the form of choreiform permanent hyperkinesia (Degkwitz and Luxemburger, 1965; Delay et al., 1957; Haase, 1954; Hartmann and Hippius, 1959; Uhrbrand and Faurbye, 1960). Ayd(1961) stated that nearly 40% of persons submitted to neuroleptic treatment developed such neurologic side effects. Later focal neurologic disturbances during the course of psychopharmacologic therapy were reported in case material (Helmchen and Hippius, 1962). Finally, in 1967, Bruck and Gerstenbrand described the psychopharmacotoxic apallic syndrome, in 1968 Grahmann and Reimer psycopharmacotoxic encephalopathy and in 1969 Boeters and Grahmann the development of a pharmacotoxic dementia. It should be added that purely Psychopathologic deficiencies of the acute exogenous reaction types—for example, delirious and amential forms or Korsakoff-like pictures and the Durchgangssyndrome (Wieck, 1962)—are known (Helmchen and Hippius, 1962).KeywordsNeuroleptic TreatmentLithium Serum ConcentrationOrganic Brain SyndromeNeurologic Side EffectExtrapyramidal MotorThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.