Severe Levels Of Anxiety Research Articles

Social Isolation in COVID-19: Impact on Mental Health of Young Adults

Background: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is profoundly affecting life around the globe. Social Isolation, contact restrictions and economic shutdown impose a complete change to the psychosocial environment threatening the mental health of young adults significantly.Objectives: The present study aims to assess the impact of Social Isolation on the mental health of young adults during the pandemic.Methods: A web based research was conducted on a sample of 438 college students of age 18-24 years. The participants were asked for responding to a standardized online questionnaire that included questions related to their anxiety levels and the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7).Results: The results revealed 78.4% of the study populations were suffering with mild (35.2%), moderate (23.7%), and severe anxiety (19.4%) respectively. Univariate and Logistic Regression Analysis revealed gender and course/year of study had a significant effect on the level of anxiety (p<0.05). Also, students living alone and having a relative or an acquaintance infected with COVID-19 were likely to be more anxious (p < 0.05). Spearman correlation analysis depicted Social Isolation as the main Covid-19 related stressor which was positively correlated and highly significant (p=0.0001) to the level of anxiety of young adults.Conclusions: The present study revealed approximately 43% of young adults is suffering from moderate to severe anxiety levels which require urgent attention.

Stress, Depression, Anxiety, and Burnout among Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-sectional Study in a Tertiary Centre

Background:Healthcare workers have been known to suffer from depression, anxiety, and other mental health issues as a result of their profession. Healthcare professionals were already vulnerable to mental health issues prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, but now they are even more prone to stress and frustration.Objective:The study aimed to assess stress, depression, anxiety, and burnout among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, it assessed the relationship between stress, depression, anxiety, burnout, and COVID-19 related stress.Methods:A cross-sectional, descriptive, and correlative design was adopted to assess stress, depression, anxiety, and burnout among healthcare workers and determine the relationship among these variables during the COVID-19 pandemic.Results:The response rate was 87.6% (831 out of 949), the majority of the participants were nurses (87.4%), and 38.4% were working in inpatient settings. The means of COVID-19 related anxiety (17.38 ± 4.95) and burnout (20.16 ± 6.33) were high and tended to be in the upper portion of the total scores. Participants reported moderate to extremely severe levels of stress (26.5%), anxiety (55.8%), and depression (37.2%). Males reported a higher level of stress (16.59 ± 10.21vs.13.42 ± 9.98, p = 0.002) and depression (14.97 ± 10.98vs.11.42 ± 10.56, p = 0.001). COVID-19 related anxiety was significantly correlated with participants’ professions (p = 0.004). Burnout (p = 0.003) and depression (p = 0.044) were significantly correlated with the participants’ working area. Significant positive correlations were found between stress, depression, anxiety, burnout, and COVID-19 related stress.Conclusion:Healthcare workers may experience considerable psychologic distress as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic due to providing direct patient care, quarantine, or self-isolation. Healthcare workers who were at high risk of contracting COVID-19 appeared to have psychological distress, burnout, and probably, chronic psychopathology. Frontline staff, especially nurses, were at higher risk of showing higher levels of psychological and mental health issues in the long term.

Psychological Impact of Covid-19 on Orthodontic Patients

Background: Unexpected postponement or delay in various treatment protocols during peak time of COVID-19 cause serious psychological trauma and obstacle to orthodontists and orthodontic patients as well. Objective: To evaluate depression and anxiety level of orthodontic patients during this chaos regarding their treatment even when the treatment was resumed. Study Design: Questionnaire-based cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Orthodontics, Bacha Khan College of Dentistry, Mardan from 1st July 2021 to 31st December 2021. Methods: One hundred and sixty-six orthodontic patients were enrolled after taking informed consent from the patients. Data were taken in hard form and then later verbally translated into native language of this area. Numerical rating scale was used for psychological assessment and for the determination of anxiety level where 0 refers to no anxiety and 10 interprets extreme anxiety. Results: Ninety-three females and seventy-three males were present in this study. Conclusion: Severe anxiety level was reported and patients were greatly concerned about their health. Keywords: COVID-19, Pakistan, Psychological assessment, Pandemic, Anxiety

Prevalence and risk factors for depression, anxiety and stress among foreign construction workers in Singapore – a cross-sectional study

Objectives The aim of this study was to establish the prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress among foreign workers in the construction industry in Singapore. Methods This cross-sectional study used convenience sampling to include participants from three construction companies in Singapore that employed blue-collar workers from Bangladesh, China, India, Myanmar,Thailand, Malaysia and the Philippines. The DASS-21 (Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scales) questionnaire was used to determine the occurrence of depression, anxiety and stress in the study population and a demographic and work environment questionnaire was used to account for the additional factors that could influence the personal and workplace characteristics. Results The study included 348 participants. About 29% of the study population exhibited moderate to extremely severe levels of depression, 37% showed moderate to extremely severe levels of anxiety and 33% expressed moderate to extremely severe levels of stress. Ethnicity and lack of awareness of job scope were found to be significant predictors of all three parameters studied, namely, depression, anxiety and stress. Regression analyses revealed that older workers were less prone to anxiety and lack of job clarity was correlated to higher levels of anxiety and stress. Conclusions The findings of this study indicate that all three aspects considered in this study, namely, depression, anxiety and stress are widely prevalent among the foreign construction workers in Singapore and effective measures needs to be put in place in order to reduce the same and provide a safe work environment for them. One measure that can be utilized to reduce the mental illness symptoms is to provide clear indications on the workers’ job scope as that was found to be a significant predictor in this study. Further studies need to be done to figure out other possible intervention measures that could be put in place to improve the mental wellbeing of foreign construction workers in Singapore.

A Study on Internet Addiction Disorder (IAD) and its Related Psychological Factors During the COVID-19 Lockdown

Restricted mobility has forced people into the confines of their homes; perceived depression, anxiety, and stress increases. This has not only increased the dependency on the internet, but also to look at the mental health, which often becomes a catalyst for human beings to develop addictive behavior. This study is undertaken to measure the levels of internet addiction and the levels of depression, anxiety, and stress, and also to analyze the association between internet addiction and the levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. We have taken a sample of 293 respondents from the state of Assam, India using convenience sampling. Results from the participants indicate the prevalence of mild depression, moderate, and severe depression. Prevalence of moderate anxiety level is found to be the highest, followed by mild anxiety and severe anxiety, while extremely severe anxiety level is also found. The respondents have mild stress; following in higher frequency is moderate stress. Severe dependence on the internet is also found to be prevalent; while moderate internet addiction and mild internet addiction are also found. Overall problematic social media usage is also found prevalent; while the prevalence of online gaming addiction is also found.

Distribution of anxiety and depression among different subtypes of temporomandibular disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The evidence on the relationship between anxiety and depression and patients with distinct subtypes of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is uncertain, so a thorough review study on the topic is still missing. This systematic review investigated the distribution and severity of anxiety and depression in patients diagnosed with different subtypes of TMD. The study is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020150562) and it followed the PRISMA 2020 Statement. We searched in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and SciELO databases (last search: 12 March 2021) and the reference list from the included studies. Study eligibility criteria consisted of: (i) patients diagnosed with TMD using the Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC/TMD) or Diagnostic Criteria (DC/TMD) instruments; (ii) assessment of anxiety and/or depression with validated psychological instruments and (iii) allocation of patients into a minimum of two distinct TMD subtypes with at least one group having myofascial pain (comparison group). Analyses were carried out using RevMan 5.3.5 statistical package and random- or fixed-effects models (α=0.05). The quality of evidence was assessed based on review authors' judgment derived from a 10-item appraisal tool for prevalence studies and with the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Of the 4086 records identified in total, 24 were eligible for inclusion; meta-analyses were conducted with 20 studies. In total, 3678 subjects were included in the review. Most of the studies found that patients with myofascial pain showed similar occurrence and severity of anxiety/depression as compared to other subtypes of TMD, although the average prevalence seemed to be higher among the diagnoses consisting of myofascial pain (muscular TMD). Despite the moderate-to-high heterogeneity, anxiety and depression were more frequently distributed within patients with myofascial pain (p=.001). TMD patients without myofascial pain presented less severe levels of anxiety and depression than patients with only myofascial pain (p≤.01). The type of psychological instrument seems to affect the assessment of both anxiety and depression emotional states. The findings of this review suggest that patients with myofascial pain are more anxious and more depressed than patients with other subtypes of TMD. Considering that anxiety and depression are differently distributed within the TMD population, a proper assessment of the psychological state of patients seems essential to offer an adequate treatment and management of each specific subtype of TMD.

Effect of psychological first aid program on anxiety level and perceived stress among elder persons

Background: As the global population ages, there is increasing concern about mental health. Globally a large number of elder persons suffer from different mental disorders. Within aging, elder persons may experience certain life changes that impact their mental health, in such as anxiety and stress. Therefore, Psychological First Aid (PFA) as program intervention is designed to eliminate anxiety level and perceived stress among elder persons. Aim: Evaluate effect of psychological first aid program on anxiety level and perceived stress among elder persons. Design: a quasi-experimental research design pre-test post-test was used. Subjects: A convenience sample of one hundred (100) elder persons fulfilled criteria included. Setting: The study was carried out at Al Sabeen Fadan primary health care center, Cairo governorate, Egypt. Tools: Socio-demographic and clinical data of community dwelling older adults structured interview questionnaire form, Visual Analog Scale and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) Results: Psychological First Aid program has highly statistically significant effect on total improvement of anxiety level and perceived stress among elder persons. 46% &47% of elder persons were suffering from severe and extreme anxiety level respectively before program implementation compared with 64%& 36% had mild and moderated level of anxiety after program application (p= <0.001*).

The Level of Depression and Anxiety among Caregivers of Patients with Schizophrenia

Caregivers of patients with mental health problems experience many emotional problems like depression, anxiety, anger, shame and guilt. Incorporating the role of care into pre-existing roles, along with the stigma associated with mental illness, creates psychological and financial stress for caregivers. This study aims at assessing the level of depression and anxiety among caregivers of schizophrenic patients. It was a cross-sectional study. Participants (n = 65) were approached in in-patient and out-patient units of private hospitals. Depression and Anxiety were assessed through Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression and anxiety. Results were analyzed using SPSS. 24.6% of caregivers are in the moderate to the severe category while 38.5% of caregivers are in the mild category of anxiety on the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale. On Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, 61.5% of caregivers were in the moderate to severe category of depression. Caregivers of patients with severe mental illness experience high level of depression and anxiety. Appropriate interventions should be targeted to improve the psychological well-being of caregivers.

Prevalence of Mental Health Problems among Female Nurses in Public Sector Hospitals Faisalabad: An Exploratory Study

The objective of the present study was to explore the prevalence and severity of mental health problems (i.e., Depression, Anxiety, Stress, Anger and Hostility) among female nurses working in public sector hospitals situated in Faisalabad. In this regard, the sample of 306 participants (female nurses) was selected from public sector hospitals situated in Faisalabad. Personal Information Sheet, Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), and the subscales of Anger and Hostility (AQ) were used for the data collection. Data analysis was done through Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, v22). Of the 306 participants, about 73.8% nurses reported significant depression, 80.7% nurses experienced significant anxiety, 84.9% nurses reported significant stress, 83.3% participants reported significant anger, while 81.3% reported significant hostility. Approximately, 64.15% nurses experienced moderate depression, 33.19% reported severe level of anxiety and 61.92s % nurses reported moderate level of stress. Female nurses of public sector hospitals suffered from significant mental health problems (i.e., depression, anxiety, stress, anger and hostility) which are deleterious not only for the professional growth of nurses but for the patient’s welfare as well. Addressing mental health status of nurses will enable them to cope up with personal and work related issues.

Correlation between Physical Activity and Psychological Distress in Patients Receiving Hemodialysis with Comorbidities: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Comorbidities cause psychological distress to patients on hemodialysis and cause their physical function to deteriorate. This study aims to examine whether physical patterns are associated with anxiety, depression and fatigue among patients with and without comorbidities who are on hemodialysis. To this end, a cross-sectional survey was administered to 120 patients on hemodialysis. Data were collected using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire—Short Form, Beck Depression Inventory—Second Edition, Beck Anxiety Inventory, and Brief Fatigue Inventory—Taiwan Version. An independent sample t test and generalized linear model analyses were conducted. The results revealed that patients with comorbidities exhibited more severe levels of depression (p < 0.001), anxiety (p < 0.001), and fatigue (p = 0.010) than patients without comorbidities. Additionally, patients on hemodialysis with a high physical activity level (≥600 metabolic equivalent of task per min/week) exhibited less depression (B = −4.03; p < 0.001; 95% confidence interval [CI] = −6.04, −2.03) and anxiety (B = −2.64; p = 0.002; 95% CI = −4.27, −1.00) severity than those with a low physical activity level; those who engaged in weekly physical activities exhibited less fatigue severity (B = −1.17; p = 0.001; 95% CI = −1.84, −0.49) and fatigue interference (B = −0.61; p = 0.015; 95% CI = −1.10, −0.12). For patients on hemodialysis, having comorbidities was correlated with more severe levels of depression, anxiety, and fatigue. Weekly moderate-intensity physical activities were revealed to be correlated with less severity levels of depression, anxiety, and fatigue. The study findings aid the development of interventions for promoting physical activity among patients on hemodialysis to prevent the exacerbation of complications caused by comorbidities and psychological distress.

The psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on physiotherapists in Sri Lanka: a cross-sectional online-based study

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is currently a severe challenge for healthcare workers, with significant implications for their mental health. Physiotherapy is one of the healthcare professions on the frontline managing this pandemic and is directly exposed to the virus. The aim of the study was to determine the impact of this pandemic on the psychological health of physiotherapists in Sri Lanka.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among physiotherapists who were recruited from government and private hospitals via purposive sampling. Depression-anxiety-stress scale-21 was used to assess psychological health and was distributed online.Results: The sample comprised 48 participants (males=33.3%; females=66.7%; age=30.2±3.8 years). The rates with extremely severe, severe, moderate and mild stress were 4.8%, 33.3%, 35.7% and 16.7% respectively and 9.5% of them had no stress perceived. No physiotherapists were found in normal or mild anxiety and depression categories. Moderate, severe and extremely severe anxiety levels were found in 9.5%, 28.6% and 61.9% of physiotherapists respectively. There were 28.6% physiotherapists with extremely severe depression, 19.0% with severe depression and 52.4% with moderate depression. There was a positive correlation and a significant association of stress with depression (r=0.876, p&lt;0.001), stress with anxiety (r=0.780, p&lt;0.001) and anxiety with depression (r=0.752, p&lt;0.001). Stress, anxiety and depression had no significant associations with age and gender (p&gt;0.05). Fear of infecting family members was found as the main cause of stress (81%).Conclusions: Physiotherapists had elevated levels of anxiety, depression, and stress, highlighting the significance of systematically monitoring physiotherapists’ mental health and implementing supportive measures to improve their well-being during the crisis.

DESCRIPTION OF ANXIETY LEVELS AMONG THE FIRST SEMESTER STUDENTS OF FACULTY OF MEDICINE UDAYANA UNIVERSITY IN FACING OBJECTIVE STRUCTURED CLINICAL EXAMINATION

Anxiety experienced by medical students when compared to the general population of the same age has a greater prevalence and is at a higher level. Anxiety can be one of some factors that can affect exam performances which can be a determining factor in medical students’ academic achievement. One of the conditions that can cause medical students to experience anxiety in the educational process is the result of stress in facing the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE). The OSCE results can be affected by students’ exam performances. This study aims to describe the anxiety levels in first semester students of the Udayana University Faculty of Medicine in facing OSCE. This study applied cross-sectional descriptive method using primary data of anxiety levels on first semester medical students who will face OSCE for the first time dan secondary data of students’ OSCE results. Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (ZSAS) questionnaire were used to collect the primary data which were retrieved only once for each student. During the study, 106 respondents data were collected, consisting of 17 to 21 years range of age, and most of them were females (61.32%). This study was resulting in the form of a description of the level of anxiety towards OSCE with the most occur anxiety level towards OSCE in medical students is mild anxiety level (84.91%), followed by moderate anxiety level (14,15%), and severe anxiety level (0,94%). The results can be used to present a basic data to conduct further research in Udayana University Faculty of Medicine as a contribution for improving student readiness in facing OSCE.&#x0D; Keywords: anxiety levels, objective structured clinical examination, medical students.

Psychological Well-Being of Mothers of Children With Autism in Saudi Arabia.

IntroductionPrevious studies reported that parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience higher levels of stress than parents of children with typical development.MethodsThis study conducted a quantitative cross-sectional survey to evaluate the levels of depression, anxiety, and stress among mothers of children with ASD compared with mothers of children with typical development. In addition, we assessed whether the perception of social support is correlated to psychological well-being. The study recruited a non-probability sample of 143 mothers of children with ASD and a comparison group of 143 mothers of children with typical development. For data collection, an online questionnaire was used to investigate the levels of depression, anxiety, and stress using the 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) and examine social support for mothers using the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS).ResultsNo significant difference was observed in the levels of depression and anxiety between both groups. Nevertheless, extremely severe levels of depression and anxiety were observed in 23.1% and 27.3% of mothers in the ASD group compared with 11.9% and 16.8% for the control group, respectively. Alternatively, a significant difference exists between the two groups in the levels of stress. Extremely severe stress was identified in 17.5% of mothers of children with ASD compared with only 6.3% in the control group (p = 0.04). Lastly, the study found a significant correlation among the scores for stress, anxiety, and depression and for MSPSS.ConclusionProviding mental health services for mothers in need and investigating the underlying factors of extremely severe levels of depression and anxiety are recommended initiatives.

Mental Health Status of Migrant Nepalese Workers Rescued By Government of Nepal During the Corona Virus disease -19 Pandemic.

The corona virus pandemic rapidly sweeps across the world; it is inducing a considerable degree of depression, stress and anxiety concern in the population at large and among certain groups in particular, such as migrant workers. The aim of the study is to find out mental health status of migrant workers rescued by Nepal Government from different countries during corona virus disease -19-19 pandemic. Cross-sectional descriptive study involving 427 returned migrant workers was conducted using the depression, anxiety and stress scale -21(DASS-21). Association between socio-demographic variables to mental health status was performed using chi-square test and p-value <0.05 was considered as significant level. Out of 427 participants, 4 % of respondents found to have extremely severe level of stress followed by 1.9 % extremely severe level of depression and 2.3% extremely severe level of anxiety. The association between mental health status and covariates showed that depression, anxiety and stress were associated with the place of residence, educational status of the respondents, and their perception of corona virus disease -19 risk at workplace, and test for COVID-19 after arrival to Nepal. The study revealed that job loss, visa and employment contract expiry were the main reasons for migrant workers to return Nepal. Nearly one fourth of the respondents had suffered from depression, nearly one third from stress and 17% from anxiety. Necessary psychosocial interventions should be formulated and implemented for addressing the mental health problems of migrant workers during the corona virus disease -19-19 pandemic.

Persistent Depressive Disorder: the Clinical Approach of the Patient Associating Depression and Dental Pathology - Case Report and Clinical Considerations

Growing research literature has documented an increased association between depression and dental problems. Patients with severe dental problems suffer from psychosocial consequences, distress and psychiatric problems. AIM: To emphasize the relationship between resistant depression and poor dental health. METHOD: This case report demonstrates the association between resistant depression and poor dental health in a 46-year-old female patient. Scores on clinical assessment measures suggested clinically severe levels of anxiety, worry, stigmatization, depression, sleeping and eating disorders and decreased satisfaction in quality of life at the beginning of the intervention. The theoretical rationale and treatment implications are presented. RESULTS: The scores on all these measures improved at the end of the dental interventions and no intense remaining depressive symptoms were reported afterward. Increased scores on life satisfaction and quality of life were documented as well. This case illustrates the potential benefit of dental treatment associating psychiatric treatment. A definitively positive association exists between poor dental health and depression. Once simultaneous treatment is initiated, there are chances for patients to have a positive evolution and social reinsertion. CONCLUSION: The high occurrence of depression, anxiety and stress among patients with dental problems highlights the importance of providing support programs and implementing preventive measures to anticipate and help persons with this type of pathology, particularly those who are most susceptible to higher levels of these psychological conditions.

A Study to Assess the Quality of Life and Its Clinical and Psychological Determinants among Cancer Patients Receiving Chemotherapy at Selected Hospitals of Bagalkot

A Study to Assess the Quality of Life and Its Clinical and Psychological Determinants among Cancer Patients Receiving Chemotherapy at Selected Hospitals of Bagalkot

Retrospective Comparisons of the Efficacy and Safety of Variable dosing of Midazolam with and without Meperidine for Management of Varying Levels of Anxiety of Pediatric Dental Patients: 35 years of Sedation Experience.

This retrospective study compares the efficacy and safety of variable dosing of Midazolam (Mid) with and without Meperidine (Mep) combinations for managing varying levels of anxiety and uncooperative behavior of young pediatric dental patients over a thirty-five-year period. Reviews of the sedation logs of 1,785 sedation visits are compared with emphasis on what dosing proves both safe and effective for differing levels of challenging pediatric behavior. Variable dosing of midazolam with and without meperidine which spanned low-end, mid-range, and upper-end were judged making use of a pragmatic approach which defined sedation success as optimal, adequate, inadequate, or over-dosage. Behavioral and physiologic assessment was included with attention to readily observable analysis of the extent to which need for physical restraint occurred to control interfering behavior. Assessment of arousal levels requiring stimulation along with the frequency of alterations in oxygen de-saturation and adverse reactions were included as indications of safety. Where Mep was used, success rates were consistently higher; working times were significantly prolonged and greater control was provided to avoid adverse reactions by virtue of reversal capability for both agents. Predictability and working time of Midazolam was enhanced by combination with narcotic for all levels of patient anxiety. Dosages of 0.7-1.0 mg/kg Mid combined with 1.0-1.5 mg/kg Mep offers the most effective and safe results to overcome need for restraint for moderate and severe levels of anxiety, respectively.

Knowledge and anxiety regarding COVID 19 pandemic among parents and students

Purpose: The study aimed to assess the knowledge, anxiety, correlation between knowledge and anxiety among students and their parents regarding the COVID-19 pandemic and its global spread. Design and method: The research design adopted was descriptive survey design. 146 parents and 158 students were selected by purposive sampling technique. The collected data were tabulated and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Result: 78.1% of the parents had good knowledge and 21.9% had average knowledge. 58.9 % of the parents had mild anxiety level, 36.3% had moderate anxiety level and 4.8% had severe anxiety level. 75.95 % of the students had good knowledge and 24.05 % had average knowledge. 66.46% of the students had mild anxiety level, 30.38% had moderate anxiety level and 3.16% had severe anxiety level. There is a negative correlation between knowledge and anxiety among parents (r = - 0.214), which is significant at p = &lt; 0.05 (p = 0.009). The student’s knowledge has significant association with their age and anxiety has the significant association with their age and family income. The parent’s knowledge has significant association with education and anxiety has the significant association with age, occupation and number of family members. Conclusion: The study concluded that majority of sample has average knowledge and moderate anxiety regarding COVID19.

A Study to Assess the Correlation between Academic Test Anxiety and Self-Esteem among Undergraduate Students

Abstract Introduction The time of examination and evaluation is a stressful period where stress is on its highest levels. To some extent, low level of stress can help in motivating the students; however, on the contrary more stress can be discouraging. It will make students exhausted, overwhelmed, and confused. So, the present study focuses on assessing the academic test anxiety and self-esteem among undergraduates. The objectives of the study were: determining the academic test anxiety and self-esteem among students and find out the correlation and association between academic test anxiety and self-esteem. Materials and Methods A quantitative research approach had been adopted and descriptive correlational survey design was used to identify the academic test anxiety and self-esteem among first year students from selected constituent colleges of NITTE (Deemed to be University) at Paneer campus. The sample consisted of 300 first year undergraduate students. The participants were selected using convenient sampling technique. The data were collected using the sociodemographic pro forma, standardized Westside Test Anxiety Scale and State Self-Esteem Scale. The data were computed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics like Karl Pearson's correlation coefficient test, Fisher's exact value, and chi-square value. Result Majority of (79.9%) of the participants were in the age group of 18 to 19 years. The mean age of the participants was 18.56 ± 0.928 with minimum age 17 and maximum age of 21. Regarding entry level percentage of marks (Pre-University Course/+ 2), 34.7% of participants secured with more than 80% of marks in their entry level examination followed by 38.2% of the participants scoring between 70 and 79% and only 16 (5.6%) participants counted between 45 and 59%. Majority (76%) of the participants were females. The study reveals that 32.3% of the participants experienced moderate level of test anxiety and 17% of the participants experienced severe level of test anxiety followed by 34.7% participants experiencing mild levels of test anxiety. The mean test anxiety score was 2.97 ± 0.55 which indicates that average participants were showing moderate level of test anxiety. There is a significant medium positive correlation between academic test anxiety and self-esteem (r value = 0.497 and p ≤ 0.001). As the p-value was more than 0.05 (p = 0.09, p = 0.86), there is no significant association found between previous academic performance with level of academic test anxiety or self-esteem. Conclusion The study concludes that, students' self-esteem can be enhanced and test anxiety can be reduced by creating an enabling environment for mentoring where they can practice assertiveness skills which will in turn boost their confidence to perform all academic tasks successfully.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF YOGA RELAXATION TECHNIQUES TO REDUCE THE ANXIETY LEVEL OF PREGNANT MOTHERS PRIMIGRAVIDA TRIMESTER III

One of the psychological disorders that can occur in pregnant women is anxiety disorders, anxiety is a feeling of worry, nervousness, or anxiety about something with uncertain results and can accompany, influence, or cause depression. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of yoga relaxation techniques in overcoming anxiety in third-trimester primigravida pregnant women. Method This research is quantitative, using a quasi-experimental design with one group pretest-posttest. This research was conducted at BPM Fauziah Hatta in 2016. The population in this study were all third-trimester primigravida pregnant women who had an examination at BPM Fauziah Hatta Palembang. Samples were taken by purposive sampling of as many as 40 respondents with criteria for gestational age of 28-36 weeks. the questionnaire used is the standard HARS (Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale) questionnaire. After the data was collected, the data were analyzed univariately and bivariate using the paired T-test statistic. Results: before being given treatment, respondents with severe anxiety levels were 23 people (57.5%) and very severe anxiety was 12 people (30%), moderate anxiety was 4 people (10%), and mild anxiety was only 1 person (2.5 %). After being given treatment, most of the respondents who did not have anxiety were 25 people (62.5%), respondents with mild anxiety were 12 people (30%) and severe anxiety was 1 person (2.55%). Conclusion: pregnant women with severe anxiety levels can reduce their anxiety to mild anxiety by doing yoga relaxation techniques, pregnant women's anxiety levels can decrease by 2.67 times by doing yoga relaxation techniques.