Severe Deficiency Of Vitamin Research Articles

Relationship between Serum 25(OH)D Levels and Blood Pressure in Children with Nephrotic Syndrome

BACKGROUND: Vitamin D plays an eminent role in the renin-angiotensin system that may interfere with blood pressure regulation. Children with nephrotic syndrome (NS) are often observed with low serum vitamin D levels that may lead to Vitamin D deficiency status. AIM: This study aimed to investigate the correlation between serum vitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and blood pressure in children with NS. METHODS: A cross-sectional, observational analytic study was conducted in 35 children NS with minimal change diseases from February to August 2019 in Haji Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan. Blood pressure was examined and serum Vitamin D levels along with serum creatinine, albumin, and calcium were measured. RESULTS: Of 35 children, 21 children (60%) had proteinuria. Regarding the category of Vitamin D status, there were 40% and 34.3% with deficiency and severe deficiency of Vitamin D, respectively. The median serum Vitamin D levels were not significantly different among the age group. Children with proteinuria showed lower serum Vitamin D levels (P < 0.001). There was an elevation of systolic and diastolic blood pressure in children with proteinuria (P = 0.039 and P = 0.036, respectively). Our study showed a weak negative correlation between serum Vitamin D levels and either systolic or diastolic blood pressure (r-0.114 and r-0.174, respectively). CONCLUSION: Both Vitamin D deficiency and severe deficiency are common in children with NS. In this study, serum Vitamin D levels have been shown to have a weak negative correlation with blood pressure in children with NS.

STUDY OF BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS’ CONTENT OF BONE TISSUE METABOLISM IN THE ORAL LIQUID OF PATIENTS WITH GENERALIZED PERIODONTITIS

The study aims to determine the concentration of vitamin D in the oral fluid, markers of bone destruction as well as to assess the diagnostic value of these indicators to optimize special programs for diagnostics and prevention of major dental diseases in the industrial region’s residents.
 The object and research methods. There were examined 178 patients. The study group consisted of 126 patients with generalized periodontitis of initial (8), I (32), II (68), and III (18) severity levels, chronic course who are working in hazardous conditions of the "Dniprospetsstal" plant in Zaporizhzhya. The comparison group included 32 patients with periodontitis of initial (5), I (10), II (11), and III (6) severity degrees, which do not have occupational health risks. The control group consisted of 20 relatively healthy individuals without signs of periodontal tissue disease. The level of vitamin D, VDBP, MMP-8, and osteocalcin was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
 Research results. It is established, that the patients with the initial severity of periodontal disease have minor vitamin D deficiency and as the severity progresses, the vitamin D deficiency increases. Therefore, in the third severity of the inflammatory process, there is a severe deficiency of vitamin D. It should be noted that in the study group patients who were working in hazardous production conditions, the decrease of vitamin D content in the oral fluid was more pronounced relative to the patients in the comparison group with periodontal disease and no occupational hazards. Vitamin D deficiency depends on the severity of periodontitis, which is confirmed by the established strong feedback of the comparison group (γ = -0.790, p <0.05), and that of the study group (γ = -0.778, p <0.05).
 Periodontitis was accompanied by a significant loss of vitamin D and was associated with a sharp decrease of VDBP protein. That is, not only the concentration of vitamin D changes but so does the protein responsible for the transfer and utilization of this vitamin. We have found a correlation between the VDBP presence in the sample and the severity of periodontitis. Strong feedback of the comparison group (γ = -0.962, p <0.05) and that of the study group (γ = -0.966, p <0.05) was detected.
 The patients had impaired bone tissue metabolism, which was accompanied by the bone destruction marker MMP-8 increase. The obtained data show a significant increase of MMP-8 content in the oral fluid in periodontitis patients, compared to the individuals with clinically intact periodontium, and reliably reflects the severity of the disease. We have established a direct strong connection between the level of MMP-8 in the oral fluid and the degree of the disease using the method of mathematical analysis. The correlation coefficient was (γ = 0.892, p <0.05) in the comparison group and (γ = 0.965, p <0.05) in the study group.
 The results of studying bone tissue formation activity considering the level of osteocalcin have shown that osteocalcin decreases with increasing severity of the disease. The correlation between osteocalcin levels and disease severity in the patient groups had strong feedback both in the comparison group (γ = -0.919, p <0.05) and in the study group (γ = -0.987, p <0.05).
 Conclusions.
 
 Biochemical markers allow detecting disorders of bone tissue metabolism and their level of concentration depends on the severity of periodontal tissue disease.
 The vitamin D deficiency, the concentration of VDBP, MMP-8, osteocalcin are more pronounced in the patients with periodontal disease experiencing occupational hazards compared to the patients who are not exposed to such conditions.
 The obtained results substantiate the feasibility of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay introducing vitamin D, VDBP, MMP-8, osteocalcin in laboratory screening of periodontal tissue diseases as highly informative biochemical markers used for diagnostics and prognosis.

Vitamin D Levels and Bone Mineral Density in Premenopausal Women Compared to Postmenopausal Women: A Multi-Centre Study From Pakistan.

IntroductionDespite the sunny climate, women in Pakistan are prone to vitamin D deficiency and subsequent low bone mineral density. The current study explores the extent of this deficiency in both pre- and postmenopausal women in our setting. MethodologyA cross-sectional study was conducted at the outpatient departments of Lady Reading Hospital and Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar, Pakistan during the time period between March 2018 and June 2019. Hundred premenopausal women (control group) and 100 postmenopausal women (study group) were inducted in the study. Serum vitamin D levels were determined in patients with suspected vitamin D deficiency. Bone mineral density (BMD) was determined for each patient and the cost of each scan was afforded by our department. A dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan was used to perform the bone mineral density assessment. The data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26 (IBM, Chicago, IL).ResultsSerum 25OHD concentration in postmenopausal women was significantly lower compared to premenopausal women (p<0.001). In the study group, 36.0% of women had a severe deficiency of serum vitamin D levels, whereas, in the control group, only two women suffered from severe deficiency of vitamin D. Similarly, bone mineral density was also significantly correlated with the menopausal status of the women (p<0001). It was found that three-fifths of the postmenopausal women had a low bone density. Twenty-four percent of postmenopausal women had very low BMD. In comparison, only a single premenopausal woman was found to have a Z-score of below -2.0.ConclusionThe current study highlights the impact of menopause on vitamin D levels and BMD. In our study, we found a significant difference between vitamin D levels and BMD in women of reproductive age compared to postmenopausal women.

Vitamin D: Testing and supplementation in adults

Vitamin D is essential for the maintenance of musculoskeletal health through the regulation of calcium and phosphate homeostasis. Severe prolonged deficiency of vitamin D can lead to rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults. Both conditions are now rare in the UK, except in high-risk groups such as those with malabsorption and reduced exposure to sunlight. A much more common situation is ‘biochemical’ vitamin D deficiency, where circulating 25(OH)D concentrations fall below pre-defined thresholds in the absence of osteomalacia or rickets, making vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency very common in the UK particularly during the winter months and early spring. Biochemical vitamin D deficiency has been associated with various non-skeletal disorders, but it seems likely that the low vitamin D levels in these situations are the result of the underlying condition, rather than the cause.

VITAMIN D INSUFFICIENCY IN FOUR MAJOR HOSPITALS OF PUNJAB

VITAMIN D INSUFFICIENCY IN FOUR MAJOR HOSPITALS OF PUNJAB

Vitamin D Status in Children with Recurrent Wheeze

Background it has been shown that low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration was associated with a higher risk of upper and lower respiratory infections in children Aim to evaluate vitamin D concentration and selected biochemical markers in infants and children with recurrent wheeze. Methods a case-control study has been carried out to measure serum vitamin D concentration; on 33 patients with recurrent wheeze, their ages ranged from 4-60 months; over the period from the1stof March 2014 to the end of June 2014. Forty-two age and sex matched healthy children were selected as control group. List of investigation was measured by spectrophotometer as serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase and 25-OH vitamin. Result Frequency of breast feeding in the first two years of life was low in wheezy children and significantly shorter duration of breast feeding less than 4 months in wheezy children than control group, P value 0.01. Vitamin D concentration was significantly low in children with recurrent wheeze than the control group; (21.69 ng/ml, 39.36 ng/ml) respectively with p-value 0.000 The severity of vitamin D deficiency was significant in children with recurrent wheeze, severe deficiency of vitamin D There is no significant relation observed between mean Vitamin D concentration and selected variables of infants and children with wheeze (p value >0.05) Conclusion vitamin D supplementation may be considered in infants and children with recurrent wheeze.

A possible connection between circulating 25-hydroxy-vitamin D and molecular response in chronic myeloid leukemia.

In this study we aimed to evaluate whether there is a link between circulating 25-OH-D levels and molecular response in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). A total of 61 patients with CML (31 women, 30 men) were recruited in this cross-sectional study. Binary logistic regression analysis demonstrated that increased vitamin D levels were independently associated with molecular response in subjects with CML. Our results indicated for the first time in the literature that severe deficiency of vitamin D was independently associated with molecular unresponsiveness in subjects with CML. 25-OH-D may be contributing to molecular response in the patients (Tab. 3, Ref. 24).

Vitamin D deficiency in school-age Iranian children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms: A critical comparison with healthy controls

ABSTRACTThe associations between serum vitamin D levels and the severity of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms were assessed among Iranian hospitalized children (50 ADHD cases and 50 healthy (non-ADHD) controls) during 2014–2015. Levels of ADHD severity and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) were determined by the Conners’ Parent Rating Scale (CPRS) test and an ELISA kit, respectively. The serum 25OHD concentrations of <10, 10–29, and >30 ng/mL were respectively considered as deficient (severe deficiency), insufficient (mild deficiency), and sufficient levels of vitamin D. The association of nutrient bioavailability with ADHD was evaluated by statistical and regression analyses.There was no significant difference in the mean of socio-demographic variables (e.g., gender, age, weight, BMI, daily intake of dairy products, and daily sunlight exposure) between ADHD and non-ADHD subjects. The mean serum 25OHD concentration (16.57 ± 9.09 ng/mL) was found to be significantly lower in ADHD children with more parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels as compared to controls (22.01 ± 12.67ng/mL). The sufficient 25OHD concentration was more predominant in the controls than the cases (p = 0.002). A severe deficiency of vitamin D was more found in children with ADHD (3.36 times). There was a negative and significant association between the participants’ age and their serum 25OHD levels. Although 25OHD levels in boys were significantly more than those in girls, the reduction of serum 25OHD concentration among boys with ADHD was more severe compared to the patient girls(p = 0.014). The results support the importance of vitamins D role in ADHD patients through the regular monitoring of serum 25OHD levels.

Therapeutic significance of vitamin D and calcium in reducing the risk of preeclampsia

Aim: to study the possibility of reducing the incidence of preeclampsia (PE) by giving vitamin D and calcium (Ca) to pregnant women with a high PE risk starting from the second trimester of pregnancy.Materials and methods. A total of 101 patients from the PE high risk group were examined on weeks 14–16 of pregnancy followed by treatment with vitamin D and Ca; then, the course of pregnancy and labor was analyzed. Serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, vitamin D binding protein, endothelin 1-38, and ionized Ca were determined using enzyme immunoassays.Results. In the examined women at high risk of PE, severe serum deficiency of vitamin D and Ca was detected. In patients treated with vitamin D and Ca, a two-fold decrease in the incidence of PE, a three-fold decrease in the incidence of intrauterine growth retardation syndrome, and a decrease in the number of urgent surgery-assisted deliveries were found.Conclusion. Therapy with vitamin D and Ca from the second trimester of pregnancy increases the availability of vitamin D, leads to a more favorable course of pregnancy, and prevents the development of severe forms and early onset of PE in patients at high risk.

The relationship between 25 hydroxy Vitamin D3 and thyroid antibodies with thyroid benign-malign neoplasms.

To study the relationship between vitamin D and thyroid antibodies with thyroid benign-malign neoplasms. The vitamin D vitamin and thyroid antibodies of 179 patients who underwent thyroidectomy for thyroid nodule were retrospectively reviewed. The mean age of the patients was 44.97 ± 14.139. Vitamin D levels were 14.473 ± 4.9999 ng/ml in women and 19.584 ± 6.1981 ng/ml in men and the mean was 15.016 ± 5.3579 ng/ml. There was a significant relationship between sex and vitamin D level (P < 0, 05). Antithyroglobulin antibody (anti-TGB) had been detected in 95 patients and Antithyroid peroxidase antibody (anti TPO) in 58 patients. There was no significant relationship between vitamin D levels (P: 0, 65), anti-TPO positivity (P: 0, 86), and anti-TGB (P: 0, 12) with benign-malignant neoplasm of thyroid. There was no relationship between vitamin D and metastatic disease (P: 0, 30) as well. In addition, no association was found between malignancy and metastasis (P = 0.068, P = 0.14, P: 0, P = 0, respectively) with thyroid antibody positivity (anti TPO and/or anti TGB) in severe deficiency (<10 ng/ml) and deficiency (<20 ng/ml) of vitamin D. Vitamin D deficiency or thyroid autoantibodies did not have any significant effect on thyroid malignancies or metastatic disease separately or together.

Assessment of alveolar bone mass using radio morphometric indices in urban and rural postmenopausal women and their correlation with serum vitamin D3 level.

The number of women with osteoporosis i.e. with reduced bone mass and disruption of bone architecture, is increasing in India due to severe deficiency of Vitamin D. It has been reported throughout the country in urban and rural post-menopausal women. Vitamin D synthesis is affected by geographical location, atmospheric pollution, clothing, melanin pigmentation and sunlight exposure. Moreover, ageing is also associated with decreased vitamin D synthesis. Vitamin D deficiency is the most underdiagnosed medical condition in postmenopausal woman. Therefore, this study was planned to estimate and to evaluate alveolar bone mass using radio morphometric indices in postmenopausal women and its correlation with serum vitamin D3. We conducted a study comprising of a study group of 60 post-menopausal women, divided into 2 sub-groups, each group comprising of 30 individuals, depending on their occupation and domicile. Blood samples were taken to evaluate serum vitamin D3 level. Also, panoramic radiographs of all the study subjects were recorded for evaluation of 3 radio morphometric indices viz. mandibular cortical index (MCI), mental index (MI), and panoramic mandibular index (PMI). Statistical analysis revealed higher significant values in rural than in urban postmenopausal woman. A high overall prevalence (90%) of vitamin D deficiency was also observed in the study subjects.

DEFICIENCY OF SERUM 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN D IN PATIENTS WITH BREAST CANCER IN IRAQ

Background: Many studies defined the association between vitamin D and breast cancer. The relation between human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her2/nue), estrogen or progesterone receptors and vitamin D in breast cancer patients was not clear, since few studies was conducted. Objective: To find out the association of deficiency of vitamin D and breast cancer. The effect of Her2/neu, estrogen, and progesterone receptors on vitamin D in the breast cancer patients was also studied. Methods: Forty patients with benign breast lump as a control group and 40 patients with breast cancer early diagnosed were included in the study. Blood samples (5 mL) were taken from the control and patient groups and analyzed for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D by using chemiluminescent immunoassay technology. Serum cancer antigen (CA15-3) was measured by using monoclonal antibodies against CA15-3. HER2/neu, estrogen and progesterone receptors were determined in breast cancer patients by immunochemical method. Results: Serum vitamin D in the breast cancer patients before surgery was significantly lower (p ≤ 0.05) than that in the control group. Preoperatively, serum CA15-3 in Her2/neu positive patients was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher than that in Her2/neu negative patients. Postoperatively, serum CA15-3 in Her2/neu positive patients was not significantly different from that in Her2/neu negative patients. Serum vitamin D, after surgery, in Her2/neu positive patients was not significantly different from that in Her2/neu negative patients. Serum vitamin D was not significantly different in estrogen and progesterone positive patients from that in estrogen and progesterone negative patients, respectively. Conclusion: Severe deficiency of vitamin D was noticed in breast cancer patients in Iraq, and mild deficiency in benign subjects. Serum CA15-3 was higher in positive Her2/neu than negative patients before operation. Her2/neu, estrogen and progesterone positive receptors have no effect on serum vitamin D level in breast cancer patients. Keywords: Vitamin D, breast cancer, CA15-3, Her2/neu Citation: Al-Saigh THT. Deficiency of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in patients with breast cancer in Iraq. Iraqi JMS. 2018; 16(4): 400-404. doi: 10.22578/IJMS.16.4.7

Vitamin D supplementation does not improve plasma thiol/disulfide homeostasis

Impairment of thiol/disulfide homeostasis, as well as vitamin D deficiency, are responsible for the pathophysiology of many acute and chronic diseases. This study examined the relationship between thiol/disulfide homeostasis and vitamin D level and supplementation. A total of 203 healthy children were included in the study. The participants were divided into four groups according to 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level: group 1, severe deficiency (<10ng/mL); group 2, deficiency (10-20ng/mL); group 3, insufficiency (20-30ng/mL); and group 4, sufficiency (≥30ng/mL). Furthermore, group 5 was defined as being on vitamin D supplementation. Native thiol was lower in group 5 than in groups 2-4 (P = 0.003). Disulfide was higher in groups 1, 4 and 5 than groups 2 and 3 (P < 0.001). Total thiol was lower in group 5 than in group 4 (P = 0.032). The ratio of native thiol/total thiol was lower in groups 1 and 5 compared with groups 2 and 3, and in group 4 compared with group 3 (P < 0.001). The ratios of disulfide/total thiol and disulfide/native thiol were higher in groups 1 and 5 than in groups 2 and 3 whereas only the disulfide/total thiol ratio was higher in group 4 than in group 3 (P < 0.001). In healthy children, severe deficiency of vitamin D causes impairment of thiol/disulfide homeostasis and increases protein oxidation, which cannot be reversed by external vitamin D supplementation.

Vitamin D status in early pregancy

Objective To investigate the serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D concentrations and related factors in early pregnancy. Methods Plasma was collected in the first trimester from 23 396 pregnant women to investigate the vitamin D level, and its distribution and differences in different age, body maxx index(BMI) and seasons between primipara and multipara. Preterm birth was used as an indicator of clinical outcomes. Vitamin D concentrations were measured using chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay. Results 25-hydroxy vitamin D level was 42.0(17.6-76.6)nmol/L in totally 23 396 pregnant women with early pregnancy, and 5% and 95% percentile sites of vitamin D level were 20.2 nmol/L and 70.7 nmol/L respectively. There were 18 170(77.7%) primiparas and 5 226(22.3%) multiparas, with the mean age of 30.0(24.0-38.0) years and BMI of 20.7(16.5-27.6)kg/m2. The number of cases detected in spring (March, April and May), summer(June, July and August), autumn(September, October and November months) and winter(December, January and February) were 5 878, 5 554, 5 974, and 5 990, respectively, and the vitamin D levels were 40.0(29.3, 52.7)nmol/L, 46.2(35.6, 57.2)nmol/L, 43.8(33.1, 54.8)nmol/L and 37.2(26.9, 49.9)nmol/L respectively, with the difference in vitamin D levels statistically significant among the four seasons (P<0.001). According to BMI, all pregnant women were divided into four groups as BMI<18.5 kg/m2, 18.5 kg/m2≤BMI≤23.9 kg/m2, 24 kg/m2≤BMI≤27.9 kg/m2, BMI≥28 kg/m2, and the levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D were 43.5(30.9, 56.9)nmol/L, 42.1(30.8, 53.8)nmol/L, 39.9(30.7, 50.4)nmol/L and 39.7(30.7, 49.4)nmol/L respectively with the difference statistically significant among the four groups. The levels of vitamin D detected in pregnant women with age<25 years, 25~29 years, 30~34 years, ≥35 years were 39.1(28.4, 52.3)nmol/L, 41.3(30.1, 52.9)nmol/L, 42.4(31.2, 54.1)nmol/L and 43.8(31.9, 55.7)nmol/L respectively and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). The levels of 25- hydroxy vitamin D in primary and multiparas were 41.6(30.2, 52.9)nmol/L and 43.5(32.5, 56.8) nmol/L with the difference statistically significant (P<0.001). Among women of different gestational age during childbirth, the differences in serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D in early pregnancy were not statistically significant(P=0.121). The severe deficiency of vitamin D in early pregnancy was defined as serum level of 25-hydroxy vitamin D less than 5th level. There were statistical differences in the probability of severe vitamin D deficiency of different ages, seasons and BMI between primiparas and multiparas. Conclusions Pregnant women of lower weight, lower age and primiparity have higher incidence of the severe vitamin D deficiency in early trimester of pregnancy. There is significant difference in 25-hydroxy vitamin D level among the different seasons (winter<spring <autumn <summer). Vitamin D level in early pregnancy is not associated with preterm birth. Key words: 25-hydroxy vitamin D; Vitamin D deficiency; Early pregnancy

Vitamin D status in relation to age, bone mineral density of the spine and femur in obese Saudi females – A hospital-based study

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between Bone mineral density in lumber spine and femoral neck with serum total levels of vitamin D, sun exposure and Consumption of vitamin D Supplement in obese Saudi females aged between 30 and 54 years old. Recent attention to the high prevalence of osteoporosis and its association with low vitamin D levels in adults has raised the importance of vitamin D evaluation. A low level of vitamin D is considered to be one of the most important risk factors for osteoporosis. In this study; 120 obese Saudi females with no diagnosed chronic diseases attending the Outpatient clinic at king Khalid University hospital in Riyadh. Saudi Arabia, recruited randomly in period of 12 months. In this study, Serum levels of total Vitamin D were considered to be severe deficient if it was lower than 25 ng/mL, mild to moderate deficient if it was between 25 and 60 ng/mL and optimum level if it was 61–200 ng/mL. The results showed that; sun exposure was significantly affect and Correlate with serum level of Vitamin D in the subjects. In addition, daily consumption of Vitamin D supplement was significantly affect and Correlate with serum level of Vitamin D in the subjects of this study. Moreover, the results showed that; 50% of the age group (40–49 years old) having severe deficiency of Vitamin D. While, 50% of the age group (50–59 years old) having optimal level of Vitamin D. And these results mean that age is not Correlated with vitamin D deficiency in subjects of this study.

The Relationship Between Serum 25 hydroxy Vitamin D Deficiency and Dietary Pattern in Baxshin Hospital, Sulaimani City

Vitamin D is one of the fat-soluble vitamins that have a great role in phosphate and calcium balance and bone structure. To our knowledge, there are limited data on the relation between dietary pattern and serum vitamin d concentration. Therefore, the aim of the current study is find out whether, there are any associations between serum vitamin D and with any specific dietary pattern. A cross sectional study was implemented in Baxshen hospital in order to find the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its relation with dietary pattern among healthy participants. 1131 participants were enrolled in the current study male and female with age 18 – 65 years old, living in Sulaimani city and its districts have not used any supplement in the past 6 months before enrolling the study. Two questionnaires were used for collecting of data, the first one was included demographical data of the participants. Including their age, gender, marital status, educational level, address, and etc. The second one was data on dietary pattern; particularly we focused on some vitamin D dietary sources. A three-day dietary records estimate was taken from the patients and this data were coded and put in dietary software (windiet) and then analyzed. The age of the sample ranged from 18 to 65 years old with the mean of 34.34 years old with a standard deviation of 12.6. One hundred sixty-two (14.3%) of the 1131 participants were female, nine hundred sixty-nine (85.7%) of the participants were male. 65.5 % of them exposure to sun less than 30, 34.5% exposure to sun more than half hour. About 84.6% of participants had severe deficiency of vitamin D and 6.9% of participants had adequate vitamin D. Fish, eggs and yogurt conception was common among those participants whom their serum vitamin D was adequate, in contrary, there were less consumed among those who had vitamin D deficiency. The percentage of obese (99.8%) was significantly higher than normal weight and overweight among severe deficiency Vitamin D. Furthermore, a highly percentage of adequate was (93.6%) in the normal weight. The mean of vitamin D intake was 761 ± 195.65 IU, in normal weight group, and the mean of vitamin d intake was 125.98 ± 53.15 IU, in obese group. This study has concluded that the reach Dietary sources of vitamin D is not enough to provide the body adequate amount of vitamin D, in addition, Obese and overweight individuals tend to have less serum vitamin D status compared to normal weight individuals and finally recommended daily amount of vitamin d intake should be established for Kurdistan people.

A case series report of Tuberculosis patients with Vitamin D deficiency in Zambia

An association of Vitamin D deficiency with Tuberculosis remains a valid assumption. It has been observed that TB is highly prevalent in certain ethnic groupings and regions of the world. Populations with darker skins are prone to vitamin D deficiency. The regions inhabited by people with darker skin coincides with high TB burden settings. Vitamin D has a key role in immune-modulation of the host response to Mycobacterium Tuberculosis infection. Studies have demonstrated early sputum culture conversion to negative, clinical recovery and radiological improvement with Vitamin D supplementation. However, there is currently no consensus on the advant age s of this supplementation in TB treatment. We present the first case series report of pulmonary TB patients with severe deficiency of Vitamin D in Zambia. Additional data from randomised control studies is warranted.

A case series report of Tuberculosis patients with Vitamin D deficiency in Zambia

An association of Vitamin D deficiency with Tuberculosis remains a valid assumption. It has been observed that TB is highly prevalent in certain ethnic groupings and regions of the world. Populations with darker skins are prone to vitamin D deficiency. The regions inhabited by people with darker skin coincides with high TB burden settings. Vitamin D has a key role in immune-modulation of the host response to Mycobacterium Tuberculosis infection. Studies have demonstrated early sputum culture conversion to negative, clinical recovery and radiological improvement with Vitamin D supplementation. However, there is currently no consens us on the advantages of this supplementation in TB treatment. We present the first case series report of pulmonary TB patients with severe deficiency of Vitamin D in Zambia. Additional data from randomised control studies is warranted.

Life-Threatening Hypocalcemia in A Patient with highly suspected osteomalacia: A Case Report

ABSTRACT Objective: Osteomalacia is a metabolic bone disease characterized by impaired mineralization with increased non-mineralized osteoid tissue, increased frailty, and reduced bone mineral density. A common cause of osteomalacia in adults and the elderly is severe deficiency of vitamin D, which leads to chronic hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia, and secondary hyperparathyroidism. The objective of this case report is to describe an unusual clinical presentation of osteomalacia, consisting of life-threatening acute hypocalcemia. Methods: Clinical, laboratory, and imaging data are presented. Results: We report the case of a 65-year-old man that showed symptoms and signs of severe and prolonged hypocalcemia due to unrecognized vitamin D deficiency. He presented at the emergency room reporting abdominal pain and vomiting since the evening before. Blood tests showed increased levels of rhabdomyolysis markers, severe hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia, hypomagnesemia, normal renal function, elevated levels of alkal...

Vitamin D deficiency among female students of a Government Medical College

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is an unrecognized epidemic in many populations. Aims and Objectives: This study aims to assess the levels of Vitamin D among female medical students. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 healthy female students from all Profs. of MBBS were enrolled and their 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were measured using an autoanalyzer. Results: Mean age of the subjects was 20.4 years. Moderate deficiency was seen in 42% and mild insufficiency in 57% subjects. Adequate level was present in only one subject and none was found to be suffering from severe deficiency of Vitamin D. Mean value of serum Vitamin D of the 1st year students was significantly less than those of other Profs. of MBBS. Conclusion: Results raise a concern about Vitamin D deficiency among female medical students and its future health consequences.