Seventh Day Research Articles

Extraction of antioxidant and antibacterial agents from avocado (Persea americana) seed using Pulsed Electric Field method

The abundance of avocado seeds causes environmental problems. Therefore, avocado seeds, which are high in bioactive compounds, have been utilized. Several extraction methods have been explored to maximize this utilization. However, conventional extraction methods present major challenges due to disadvantages such as requiring high temperatures, high energy consumption, long extraction times, and producing solvent waste. To that purpose, the Pulse electric field (PEF) extraction method was developed, which is highly efficient, has a short extraction process, is environmentally friendly, and does not produce solvent waste. This study observed the effect of electric field strength (2.5–7.5 kV/cm) and pulse frequency (100–250 Hz) until an optimum point on the properties of avocado seed extract (Avs) as an antioxidant and antibacterial agent. The results show that increasing the electric field strength and pulse frequency boosts the extraction yield and total phenolic content (TPC). This is highly supported by SEM images, which show more pores, cavities, and disrupted membrane cells as the electric field strength and pulse frequency increased. GC-MS and FTIR analysis also showed that the extract contains bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, fatty acids, and other compounds with the representing peaks OH, C−H stretch, CC, −C−H stretch, C−O stretch, and in-plan deformation vibration CH indicating as antioxidant and antibacterial agents. The extract obtained at 7.5 kV/cm with a pulse frequency of 250 Hz shows the best performance of bioactive potential indicated by antioxidant activity, IC50, and surface area of the inhibition zone against E. coli and S. aureus, which are 95.56 %, 90 µg/mL, 396 mm2, and 785 mm2, respectively. The inhibitory zones of the two microbials were relatively stable until the seventh day of observation. This research showed that the EF extraction method serves as an eco-extraction technology of natural bioactive compounds, which has high potential application as an antioxidant and antibacterial agent.

Host influence on life history traits of Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann in an arid region of Argentina.

The fruit fly Ceratitis capitata is a successful generalist due to the trade-off between different variables in its life history traits. The present study aimed to assess some life history traits of C. capitata recovered from peach, plum and fig, three key host species, under the climatic conditions of an irrigation oasis in the arid province of San Juan, Argentina. Pupal abundance, sex ratio and morphometric parameters such as pupal and adult weight, pupal volume, wingspan and head-caudal length were influenced by the host in which the larvae were reared. Sexual maturity, measured as the peak of calling (pheromone emission), was homogeneous on the sixth and seventh days after emergence, but males recovered from fig showed early calling activity on the third day after emergence. The plasticity of C. capitata to adapt its life history traits to specific nutrient variations within the larval environment allows it to colonise and establish populations where key hosts, as those studied here, are available. The knowledge of the interactions between host fruit trees and C. capitata populations provides helpful information for planning the management of local orchards and urban fruit plantations within irrigation oases, taking into consideration the concept of key hosts as peach and fig.

An Electronic Medical Record-Based Prognostic Model for Inpatient Falls: Development and Internal-External Cross-Validation.

Effective fall prevention interventions in hospitals require appropriate allocation of resources early in admission. To address this, fall risk prediction tools and models have been developed with the aim to provide fall prevention strategies to patients at high risk. However, fall risk assessment tools have typically been inaccurate for prediction, ineffective in prevention, and time-consuming to complete. Accurate, dynamic, individualized estimates of fall risk for admitted patients using routinely recorded data may assist in prioritizing fall prevention efforts. The objective of this study was to develop and validate an accurate and dynamic prognostic model for inpatient falls among a cohort of patients using routinely recorded electronic medical record data. We used routinely recorded data from 5 Australian hospitals to develop and internally-externally validate a prediction model for inpatient falls using a Cox proportional hazards model with time-varying covariates. The study cohort included patients admitted during 2018-2021 to any ward, with no age restriction. Predictors used in the model included admission-related administrative data, length of stay, and number of previous falls during the admission (updated every 12 hours up to 14 days after admission). Model calibration was assessed using Poisson regression and discrimination using the area under the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve. There were 1,107,556 inpatient admissions, 6004 falls, and 5341 unique fallers. The area under the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.899 (95% CI 0.88-0.91) at 24 hours after admission and declined throughout admission (eg, 0.765, 95% CI 0.75-0.78 on the seventh day after admission). Site-dependent overestimation and underestimation of risk was observed on the calibration plots. Using a large dataset from multiple hospitals and robust methods to model development and validation, we developed a prognostic model for inpatient falls. It had high discrimination, suggesting the model has the potential for operationalization in clinical decision support for prioritizing inpatients for fall prevention. Performance was site dependent, and model recalibration may lead to improved performance.

Banana Blossom Ingestion Does Not Increase Breast Milk Volume in Mothers of Preterm Newborns: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Background: Breast milk is essential for the development of a newborn's neurological, gastrointestinal, and immune systems and helps reduce the risk of infections and infant mortality. Banana flowers, often combined with additives such as ginger, are commonly included in the country's local diets because they are believed to enhance postpartum lactation. We aimed to investigate the impact of banana blossom extract pills on breast milk volume (BMV) in mothers of preterm newborns. Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted; it involved eligible preterm mothers, who were divided into two groups: a banana blossom group, which received banana blossom extract pills (36 mg/day), and a control group, which received placebo pills. All participants were given identical-looking tablets and were required to chew two tablets four times a day for 14 days. The primary outcome was the total BMV expressed (in milliliters) on the seventh day using an electric breast pump. Results: A total of 70 mothers of premature newborns were randomly allocated in equal numbers to either the banana blossom intervention group or the control group. There was no significant difference between the groups with respect to the median BMV on the seventh day postpartum (333 versus 350 mL, p = 0.73). A similar trend was observed on the 14th day postpartum (331 versus 510.0 mL, p = 0.6). Additionally, no significant differences were observed regarding maternal and neonatal adverse events. Conclusions: The administration of banana blossom extract pills (36 mg/day) to mothers with preterm infants did not increase the BMV on the seventh day postpartum.

Clinical Study on the Induction of Psoriasis Flare-Ups by PM2.5 Air Pollutants via Immune Barrier Dysfunction.

This study explores the clinical correlation between the air pollutant PM2.5 and the induction of psoriasis flare-ups through the disruption of the immune barrier. Air quality data, the average mass concentration of the primary atmospheric pollutant PM2.5, and meteorological data spanning from November 2023 to March 2024 were gathered from 9 air quality monitoring stations situated within our city, courtesy of the local Meteorological Information Center. Psoriasis cases were sourced from our hospital's dermatology department, encompassing patients diagnosed and treated from November 2023 to March 2024 and residing within the city. From January 2023 to May 2024, aberrant expression of Th1 cells and Th2 cells was observed in psoriasis flare-up patients. Spearman correlation coefficient analysis revealed a positive correlation between PM2.5, PM10, and Th1 cells, and a negative correlation with Th2 cells, exhibiting significant differences (P < .05). Supplemental Figure 1 illustrates an increase in psoriasis flare-ups on the fifth day following a unit increase in PM2.5 concentration, with an excess risk (ER) value of 0.046 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.137-0.893]. Conversely, after an increase of 1 unit of PM10, there was a decrease on the third and fourth days, followed by increases on the fifth, sixth, and seventh days, with ER values of 0.038 (95% CI: 0.013-0.067), 0.045 (95% CI: 0.019-0.073), 0.051 (95% CI: 0.034-0.078), 0.057 (95% CI: 0.045-0.083), and 0.061 (95% CI: 0.051-0.087), respectively. Air pollutant PM2.5 could potentially exacerbate psoriasis flare-ups by compromising the immune barrier, suggesting a plausible mechanism linked to the onset of this condition.

Parenteral lipid nutrition in congenital gastrointestinal malformation operated cases

Background: Congenital gastrointestinal malformation (CGIM) cases require immediate surgical correction after birth and proper nutrition to meet energy demands. Among the macronutrients, lipids are considered the major energy source, playing a vital role in parenteral nutrition. However, the time of their initiation remains unclear. We compared the data of CGIM cases where lipids were given from the first post-surgical day to those where parenteral lipids were initiated on the second or third day of surgery and then reevaluated them on the seventh day of parenteral nutrition.Methods: We collected the data of patients who had undergone surgical correction for CGIM and were kept on parenteral nutrition including lipids from day 1 of surgery labeling them as group 1. Group 2 comprised of neonates having lipid parenteral nutrition started from day 2 or 3 of surgery. Both groups were reevaluated on the 7th day of parenteral nutrition. Statistical analysis was performed.Results: Group 1 had higher total bilirubin (TB) statistically significant (p-value=0.0299), as well as lower lipase (p-value=0.0286), and lower total lipids (p-value=0.0365). The values were lower of triglycerides (p-value=0.0365), and total lipids (p-value=0.0365), on day 1. Comparing both groups, all biochemical parameters were found to be statistically significant.Conclusion: Lipid deficiency and overload should be carefully evaluated, especially in neonates having undergone recent surgical interventions, which increase their nutritional demands. No adverse effects were seen in our study related to parenteral lipid emulsion administration in post-surgical congenital gastrointestinal malformation cases. Early initiation of parenteral lipid regimens can provide better outcomes.Keywords: Congenital gastrointestinal malformations; Intravenous lipid emulsions; Parenteral nutrition; Gestational age; Milk formula

Pathogenicity and sub-lethal activity of orally administered entomopathogenic fungi against two adult mosquito species, Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) and Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae)

Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) are known for their efficacy in controlling adult mosquito populations by penetrating through their cuticle. However, the effect of oral administration of EPF on the biological parameters of Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi remains largely unexplored. This study aimed to assess the effect of orally administrated EPF isolates on the survival, feeding behavior, fecundity, fertility, follicle development and host-searching behavior in response to yeast-generated CO2 of Ae. aegypti and An. stephensi. An initial screening of 50 isolates involved exposure of adult Ae. aegypti and An. stephensi by integument inoculation. Subsequently, the entomopathogenic effect of the five highly virulent isolates was confirmed through oral administration revealing Beauveria pseudobassiana 42–51 as a potent mosquito killer. B. pseudobassiana 42–51 was administered orally to evaluate sub-lethal effects. The results showed a 63 % and 43 % reduction in blood feeding of Ae. aegypti and An. stephensi, respectively. Furthermore, a decrease in egg hatching rate was observed, with a reduction of 83% for Ae. aegypti and 74% for An. stephensi on the seventh day following fungal administration, showing decreased hatchability in both species. Poor and abnormal follicle development was observed in both mosquito species. Also, the host-searching behavior was evaluated by attraction to CO2 utilizing a Y-tube olfactometer. A tendency of reduction in the attraction rate towards the odor was observed three days post-fungal administration. These findings underscore the significant impact of oral administration of B. pseudobassiana 42–51 on mosquitoes, highlighting not only its lethal effects but also sub lethal impacts on their biology. Moreover, this fungus may exhibit the potential to simultaneously control both mosquito species and serve as a biocontrol agent for the management of vector-borne diseases.

Enhancing Lower Third Molar Surgery: Using The Piezoelectric Technique for Superior Postoperative Outcomes and Complication Prevention

Background: The surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars is routine in oral and maxillofacial surgery and common postoperative complications are widely reported in the literature. Therefore, this prospective split-mouth study aims to compare the postoperative sequelae of piezoelectric surgery versus conventional surgery of the lower third molar, focusing on pain and swelling. Methodology: In total, 41 patients were treated under local anesthesia and surgical removal on one side of their mouth was performed using conventional rotary surgery (micromotor) while the other side’s was by piezosurgery, with an interval of 15 days from the previous procedure (82 extraction sites); in addition, pain and swelling analyses were conducted. Results: The pain analysis demonstrated a median of one day of pain in patients treated with piezoelectric surgery compared to two days with conventional surgery (p &lt; 0.001). The probability of not feeling pain was greater in sites treated with experimental surgery on the first and second days (p &lt; 0.001). The swelling was worse in places treated with the conventional method, with the most significant difference being the distance between the angle of the mandible and the upper lip vermilion on both days and the more subtle difference between the angle of the mandible and the anterior nasal spine on the seventh day. Conclusions: When a piezosurgical unit is used, according to the literature, is well known that it takes more time to perform the surgical extraction of third molars. Despite that, our results show that it causes less pain postoperatively, with faster improvement and a quicker reduction in swelling compared to conventional surgery.

Amitraz mechanisms of cytotoxicity in a characterized SH-SY5Y cells spheroid model

In recent years, spheroids (tridimensional cell cultures) have emerged as a more physiologically relevant replacement for monolayer models. Their distinctive advantage is the formation of an extracellular matrix that facilitates enhanced cellular interaction and communication, approximating the conditions observed in vivo. Therefore, the potential for conducting intricate cellular and molecular techniques in these models could offer a more precise assessment of pivotal proteins within various cellular pathways of interest. Amitraz (AMZ), an acaricide classified as a formamidine chemical, has been detected in honey at concentrations exceeding legal limits. The objective of this study was to characterize a spheroid model of SH-SY5Y cells and determine the cytotoxic effect of AMZ and its mechanisms of action on this spheroid. The formation of mature spheroids was observed on the seventh day following seeding. The results obtained with SH-SY5Y spheroids were an IC50 of 238.8 ± 17 µM and 224.3 ± 19 µM, respectively, after 24 and 48 h of exposure by the MTT assay. The findings revealed that AMZ did not exhibit any indications of inflammatory over-expression markers in the spheroids. Nevertheless, at 238.8 µM of AMZ, an increase incidence of late apoptosis within spheroid cells and Bcl-2 protein expression in peripheral spheroid cells were observed through annexin V and propidium iodide probe and immunofluorescence analysis. In conclusion, the results demonstrated that spheroids could be useful for an accurate assessment of toxicity, representing a viable alternative method for determining the mechanisms of action of AMZ and related compounds.

Field Studies and the Efficiency of Different Insecticides against Thrips tabaci Lindeman on Onion Crops in Egypt

Onion thrips (Thrips tabaci Lindeman) ((Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is the major pest attacking onion crops on the Egyptian fields during seasons 2023 and 2024. The total average populations were 652.70 in the first season and 677.33 in the second season, the highest peak were recorded on the 4th week of April with average 110.48 and 99.53. Different insecticides were used to study its effectiveness on thrips as Dinotefuran, acetamiprid, abamectin + thiamethoxam, spirotetramat, spinosad, spintorame, chlorophanpyar, fenopethrin + etoxal and acetamiprid + bifenthrin. After 24 hours all compound recorded the highest reduction than after 3,7 and 10 days, the highest reduction was recorded with spintorame by 97.32±1.36and 96.93±0.96%. On the third day, Spirotetramat recorded the highest reduction by 95.21±1.22and 92.60±2.40%. On the seventh day, chlorophanpyar recorded the highest reduction by 83.52±1.74 and 81.62±2.60%. On the tenth day also chlorophanpyar recorded the highest reduction by 72.40±0.87 and 69.30±1.85%. Chlorophanpyar was recorded the highest overall average by 85.42±5.35and 82.79a±4.60 %.

Lecanicillium attenuatum infection and effects on the reproduction of Frankliniella occidentalis

ABSTRACT Frankliniella occidentalis, western flower thrips, is an invasive pest that seriously damages economic crops such as vegetables, flowers, and fruit trees because of its high fecundity, short generation cycle, and strong adaptability. Lecanicillium is an important entomopathogenic fungus, characterised by its wide host range, high pathogenicity, and environmental safety. It plays an important role in the environmentally friendly management of F. occidentalis. This study clarifies whether L. attenuatum infects F. occidentalis and affects its reproduction. The results of scanning electron microscope showed that conidia of L. attenuatum were attached to many parts of thrips adult after 1 h of treatment with 10^8 conidia/mL, and most F. occidentalis were covered by hyphae after 72–120 h. The cumulative mortality rate of the second instar larvae of the F1, F2, and F3 generations exceeded 60% on the seventh day post-infection and that of female adults was higher than 90% when treated by L. attenuatum with 10^8 conidia/mL. Simultaneously, L. attenuatum had strong sublethal effects on the surviving thrips. Indeed, the number of eggs deposited and the lifespan of female adults decreased considerably after the second instar larvae of F. occidentalis were treated with L. attenuatum, and had the impaction on the thrips offspring too. Altogether, our data suggested that L. attenuatum not only exhibited a high degree of pathogenicity towards F. occidentalis second instar larvae and adults but also affected the longevity and reproduction of surviving thrips.

Comparison between gas insufflation and gasless techniques for endoscopic transaxillary thyroidectomy.

This study aimed to compare clinical outcomes and prognosis of endoscopic thyroidectomy via axillary approach using insufflation and gasless methods. Retrospective analysis included patients undergoing endoscopic thyroidectomy at our institution from June 2022 to October 2023. Patients were categorized into insufflation and gasless groups. Analysis compared surgical time, blood loss, drainage volume, tube removal time, hospital stay, complications, pain score, and incision satisfaction. 73 patients (48 insufflation, 25 gasless) were analyzed. Insufflation technique showed significantly superior outcomes: shorter surgery duration, reduced drainage volume, earlier tube removal, shorter hospital stay, and higher incision satisfaction (all P < 0.05). Postoperative pain (VAS) was lower in insufflation group on first day, but no significant difference on seventh day. No significant differences in blood loss or complications were observed. Insufflation technique offers advantages over gasless method including shorter operation time, reduced drainage, earlier tube removal, and shorter hospital stays, with comparable outcomes in pain and incision satisfaction.

Field Studies and the Efficiency of Different Insecticides against Thrips tabaci Lindeman on Onion Crops in Egypt

Onion thrips (Thrips tabaci Lindeman) ((Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is the major pest attacking onion crops on the Egyptian fields during seasons 2023 and 2024. The total average populations were 652.70 in the first season and 677.33 in the second season, the highest peak were recorded on the 4th week of April with average 110.48 and 99.53. Different insecticides were used to study its effectiveness on thrips as Dinotefuran, acetamiprid, abamectin + thiamethoxam, spirotetramat, spinosad, spintorame, chlorophanpyar, fenopethrin + etoxal and acetamiprid + bifenthrin. After 24 hours all compound recorded the highest reduction than after 3,7 and 10 days, the highest reduction was recorded with spintorame by 97.32±1.36and 96.93±0.96%. On the third day, Spirotetramat recorded the highest reduction by 95.21±1.22and 92.60±2.40%. On the seventh day, chlorophanpyar recorded the highest reduction by 83.52±1.74 and 81.62±2.60%. On the tenth day also chlorophanpyar recorded the highest reduction by 72.40±0.87 and 69.30±1.85%. Chlorophanpyar was recorded the highest overall average by 85.42±5.35and 82.79a±4.60 %.

Life and Death in Yu Hua’s Novels——Taking To Live and The Seventh Day as Examples

Yu Hua’s works have consistently excelled in exploring the fundamental meaning of life within tales of hardship and tragedy. Through a series of books such as To Live and The Seventh Day, Yu Hua has crafted multiple tragic stories featuring characters from different historical periods and with diverse personalities, thereby expressing his unique perspectives on life and death. The existing studies mostly analyze the life and death plot in isolation and lack an analysis of the influence of traditional culture on the formation of their concepts. This paper will take the original texts of the novels To Live and The Seventh Day as the basis, and use the method of textual analysis to analyze the views of life and death in the novels. Through the study, it is found that Yu Hua’s works present a unique new style of death aesthetics and life philosophy concepts. Through the research, it is discovered that Yu Hua’s works exhibit a unique new aesthetic of death and philosophy of existence. Yu Hua, a trailblazer in avant-garde literature, integrates traditional views on life and death with contemporary societal concerns. Through an exploration of the fragility of human physiology and the resilience of the human spirit, Yu Hua’s works offer a fresh perspective on life and death for individuals grappling with existential uncertainties. This aids in guiding individuals to seek the significance of their own lives and adopt an objective stance towards mortality.

Potential hepatoprotective properties of synthetic derivatives of thiourea — 2-aminobenzothiazole and IEM-2320

BACKGROUND: Toxic hepatitis is characterized by a significant severity of the course and by high mortality. So, search for effective means of correcting this condition seems to be relevant. It has previously been shown that some thiazolo[5,4-b]indole derivatives are capable to prevent experimental toxic liver damage in laboratory animals. In continuation of this direction, the study of the hepatoprotective properties of synthetic derivatives of thiourea 2-aminobenzothiazole and IEM-2320 was undertaken. AIM: To study the potential hepatoprotective properties of 2-aminobenzothiazole and IEM-2320 in acute carbon tetrachloride poisoning. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Experiments were carried out on 30 male white outbred rats (150–270 g). On a model of carbon tetrachloride poisoning (50% solution of CCl4 in vaseline oil, 0.2 ml/100 g of body weight), the potential hepatoprotective properties of 2-aminobenzothiazole (32 mg/kg) and IEM-2320 (20 mg/kg) were investigated. Ademethionine (Heptral, AbbVie, S.r.L, Italy) at a dose of 20 mg/kg was used as a comparison drug. The studied drugs were administered intraperitoneally 4 times: one hour before the introduction of CCl4, and then — for three subsequent days after the poisoning with CCl4. The results were compared with those of 2 control groups. Animals of the 1st control group were not exposed to CCl4, instead of the studied drugs, they were injected with an equivalent volume of saline solution (0.2 ml/100 g of body weight). Animals of the 2nd control group did not receive any treatment after the CCl4 poisoning. Blood was taken on the seventh day of the experiment. The total contents of protein, glucose, and total cholesterol in blood serum were determined, and the activities of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were evaluated. RESULTS: Under the CCl4 poisoning, the administration of 2-aminobenzothiazole led to a significant decrease in the concentrations of glucose, total protein, total cholesterol and alanine aminotransferase activity. When IEM-2320 was administered under the condition of poisoning, a decrease in the concentrations of total protein, glucose, urea, total cholesterol, and the alanine aminotransferase activity was observed. CONCLUSIONS: A significant decrease in the biochemical parameters of blood serum after administration of 2-aminobenzothiazole and IEM-2320 under the condition of CCl4 poisoning demonstrates thir potential hepatoprotective properties under acute hepatotropic poisonings.

Enhanced biogas production from municipal solid waste via digestion with cow manure: A case study

Abstract Anaerobic digestion (AD) of feedstocks yields biogas, a potentially useful new energy source. This study looked into the anaerobic co-digestion of cow dung and organic garbage to produce biogas. An anaerobic biodigester, with a volume of 20 L, was used to digest organic waste (OW) and to trace the changes that occur during the AD process. It was equipped with tools that ensure complete control of the conditions affecting anaerobic biological reactions such as temperature, pH function, and mixing speed. Therefore, an anaerobic biodigester was designed to contain such biological transformations and to improve the biogas production process from OW. Based on the present investigation, the AD of OW was improved by integrating the substrate with sewage sludge or cow manure (CM) during the digestion process to provide the basic microorganisms to complete the digestion process. Feeding into the digester was a blend of 100 kg of cow dung (CM) and OW per day, diluted 1:1 with water. A gasbag was used to capture the methane that resulted. Biogas production began on the seventh day after the substrate was fed into the digester. A performance test was carried out on the produced biogas to determine its composition. For OW–CM, the generated biogas’s methane (CH4) concentration was determined to be 60%, but the rates of decline for TS and VS were 57 and 50.6%, respectively. Anaerobic biodegradation of OW–CM experiments was observed at 37°C, a mesophilic temperature. For OW–CM, the pH value was 6.7. After being adjusted to standard circumstances, the cumulative volume of methane produced which had been recorded as 4,914 mL became 3964.5 mL.

DESCRIPTIVE STUDY THE CHARACTERISTICS OF MOTHERS WITH POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION SCREENING RESULTS ON THE SEVENTH DAY PUERPERIUM

Postpartum depression is a psychological disorder that occurs during the postpartum period. The incidence of postpartum depression in Indonesia is between 50-70%. The development of the baby and the mother’s social life can be severely affected by postpartum depression. Screening is necessary to anticipate the incidence of postpartum depression. The purpose of this study was to describe the characteristics of mothers with postpartum depression screening results on the seventh day of postpartum women. The design of this study was a quantitative descriptive with a cross-sectional approach. The population of 38 people used the total sampling technique so that the total sample was 38 people. The research instrument used a general data questionnaire and EPDS. The results of the study showed that postpartum mothers who experienced a risk of postpartum depression were 21.1%. Based on the characteristics, namely mothers aged 20-35 years (18.4%), primiparous (13.2%), spacing of children &lt;2 years (8.7%), mothers who do not work (15.8%), and mothers with senior high school education (15.8%). The risk of depression experienced by postpartum mothers in Blimbing, Malang is thought to be caused by factors such as parity, distance between children and education level. Although in small numbers. Postpartum depression can have a negative impact on the mental health of the mother and the development of the child in the future, so depression screening needs to be tried so that the coverage of early detection of postpartum depression increases.

Observation of the effect of single dose intravenous infusion of tranexamic acid on white blood cell, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein after double segmental posterior lumbar interbody fusion

To observe the safety and effectiveness of single dose intravenous infusion of tranexamic acid (TXA) in dual level posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF), and to explore the changes and trends in perioperative white blood cell (WBC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP). Between October 2020 and September 2022, 46 patients with lumbar degenerative disease were treated with dual level PLIF, including 18 males and 28 females, with an average age of (60.24±10.68) years old, from 34 to 80 years old. They were divided into observation group and control group according to different treatment methods. There were 28 patients in the observation group, including 12 males and 16 females, with an average age of (61.04 ± 9.03) years old. There were 3 cases with lumbar disc herniation (LDH), lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) 18 cases, lumbar spondylolisthesis (LS) 7 cases. TXA (1 g/100 ml) was administered intravenously 15 min before skin incision after general anesthesia. The control group consisted of 18 patients, including 6 males and 12 females, with an average age of (59.00±13.04) years old. There were 5 cases with LDH, LSS 9 cases, LS 4 cases, and TXA was not used. The operation time, intraoperative bleeding volume, postoperative drainage volume, postoperative deep vein thrombosis (DVT), postoperative hospital stay, postoperative activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), thrombin time (TT), fibrinogen (FIB), platelet (PLT), red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (HB), hematocrit (HCT), the first day, the fourth day, the seventh day and the last tested after operation WBC, ESR and CRP were recorded. The postoperative wounds of the patients healed well and there was no DVT. 46 patients were followed up from 3 to 6 months. The intraoperative blood loss was 400.0 (300.0, 500.0) ml and the postoperative drainage was 260.0 (220.0, 450.0) ml in the observation group, which were lower than the control group[600.0(400.0, 1000.0) ml, 395.0 (300.0, 450.0) ml], P<0.05. There was no significant difference between the two groups in operation time, postoperative hospital stay, postoperative APTT, PT, TT, FIB, PLT, RBC, HB, HCT, and postoperative WBC, ESR and CRP at different times (P>0.05). Single dose intravenous infusion of TXA can reduce the blood loss of bi-segmental PLIF, and has no significant effect on WBC, ESR and CRP after operation.

Mitigating effects of agmatine on myocardial infarction in rats subjected to isoproterenol.

Isoproterenol (ISO) usage is limited by its potential for cardiotoxicity. We sought to investigate the potential of agmatine in mitigating ISO-induced cardiotoxicity. Agmatine (100mg/kg/day) was intraperitoneally administered to Wistar rats for 7days in the presence or absence of cardiotoxicity induced by subcutaneous injection of ISO (85mg/kg) on the sixth and seventh days. ECG parameters, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and creatinine phosphokinase (CPK) were investigated. Changes in cardiac tissue were also investigated using H&E staining. The heart weight/body weight ratio increased in ISO-treated rats. In the agmatine + ISO group, the increased heart rate observed in ISO-treated rats was reversed (317.2 ± 10.5 vs 452.2 ± 10.61, P < 0.001). Agmatine ameliorated the change in PR, RR, and ST intervals and the QRS complex, which was reduced by ISO. Treatment with saline, ISO, and agmatine had no significant effect on papillary muscle stimulation (P > 0.05). The administration of agmatine to ISO-receiving group could mitigate several parameters when compared to ISO-receiving group including increasing papillary muscle contraction (0.83 vs 0.71 N/M2 respectively, P < 0.01), decreasing LDH levels (660ng/ml vs 1080ng/ml, respectively, P < 0.05), decreasing CPK levels (377 U/l vs 642 U/l, respectively, P < 0.05) and decreasing MDA levels (20.32µM/l vs 46.83µM/l, P < 0.001). Coadministration of agmatine and ISO is capable of ameliorating ISO cardiotoxicity by antioxidant effects and controlling the hemostasis of calcium in myocytes.

McHDV VP60 Virus-like Particles Elicit Protective Immunity Against Moschus chrysogaster Hemorrhagic Disease in Rabbits

Moschus chrysogaster viral hemorrhagic disease (McVHD), caused by the Moschus chrysogaster hemorrhagic disease virus (McHDV), is an acute and highly fatal infectious disease of musk deer. At present, there is no prevention or treatment for this disease. In this study, we constructed a recombinant bacmid containing the McHDV VP60 gene and obtained the recombinant baculovirus rBac-McHDV VP60 by transfection into Sf9 (Spodoptera frugiperda) insect cells. The McHDV VP60 protein was successfully expressed in the insect cell-baculovirus expression system; furthermore, it was released in the supernatant of infected insect cells and spontaneously assembled to form virus-like particles (VLPs), which were structurally and immunologically indistinguishable from the Moschus chrysogaster viral hemorrhagic disease virion. Hypodermic vaccination of rabbits with the VLPs conferred complete protection in 14 days; this protection was found to be effective from the seventh day after VLP injection and was accompanied by a strong humoral response. This study is the first attempt to express the VP60 gene of McHDV using an insect baculovirus system, which provides an experimental basis for the virus-like particle vaccine of McVHD.