Seventh Day Research Articles

The role of carbohydrate malabsorption syndrome in the pathogenesis of rotavirus diarrhea (a literature review)

The aim – to summarize literature data on the pathogenetic mechanisms of the diarrheal syndrome development in children with rotavirus infection and to determine the role of carbohydrate malabsorption syndrome in it through a complex analysis of literature reviews and empirical studies. Rotavirus infection (RVI) remains the main cause of severe dehydrating gastroenteritis in children under five years of age. One of the most important pathogenetic links of rotavirus gastroenteritis is the development of osmotic diarrhea induced by carbohydrate malabsorption syndrome. Its development is associated with disaccharidase insufficiency and impaired absorption of monosaccharides in the small intestine. Carbohydrate malabsorption syndrome is found in 67.0–98.3 % of children with RVI. Its laboratory manifestations (an increase in levels of fecal carbohydrates and lactose) are observed starting from the first days of the disease, and the maximum indicators are recorded in the period from the fifth to the seventh day. Conclusions. Carbohydrate malabsorption syndrome is observed in the absolute majority of children with RVI, and its maximum severity is noted from the fifth to the seventh day of the disease, being realized mainly due to lactase deficiency. The severity of carbohydrate malabsorption syndrome can be influenced by concomitant pathological conditions, that lead to a decrease in the activity of disaccharidases in the small intestine, and the metabolic activity of the intestinal microbiota.

Effect of entomopathogenic Beauveria bassiana (Balls.) Vuill. isolates on Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

The aim of the study was to determine the lethal effect of 1 x 108 conidia mL-1 concentration of local Beauveria bassiana isolates (ET 10, BMAUM-M6-4, Bb 1) against M. persicae under laboratory conditions. For the spraying method, B. bassiana isolates was applied to M. persicae nymphs with a hand spray. In this context, the experiments were carried out in a randomized plots experimental design with ten replicates with ten nymphs in each Petri plate. After the applications, the number of live individuals was recorded by counting the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th days and the percentage mortality rate was calculated. On the third and fifth days of the experiment, the highest mortality rates of 64 and 95% were recorded for the Bb 1 isolate of B. bassiana, respectively. In the seventh day counts, 100% mortality rates were determined for Bb 1 and ET 10 isolates and 99% for the BMAUM-M6-4 isolate. In addition, the mortality date (LT50) values were calculated as 3.62 days for ET 10 isolate, 3.60 days for BMAUM M6-4 isolate, and 2.93 days for Bb 1 isolates, respectively. As a result, it is thought that B. bassiana isolates can be used in biological control practices within the scope of integrated pest management program against M. persicae.

New Strain of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens G1 as a Potential Downy Mildew Biocontrol Agent for Grape

To obtain effective biocontrol strains for downy mildew of grape, 38 endophytic bacteria were isolated from fruits, seeds, and old stems of six grape varieties. Using spot inoculation mixtures of sporangial suspensions of Plasmopara viticola and biocontrol bacterial suspension, this screen yielded three strains (G1, G5, and G9) with good antagonistic effects against P. viticola. The growth inhibition rate was 100%, which was comparable to the effect of the positive control Bacillus subtilis strain CN181. The enzyme activity and the metabolites of strain G1 were examined on casein hydrolysate medium, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose agar plates, and chrome azurol sulfonate (CAS) agar plates. The antifungal protein component was identified by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS). The results showed that strain G1 was more effective against Plasmopara viticola after two field trials, and the inhibition rates of strain G1 on the seventh day of the two field trials were 47.5% and 36.9%, respectively. Strain G1 was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens based on morphological examination and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. It produced proteases, cellulases, and siderophores. Crude protein of the strain mainly included the putative segregation protein SpoVG, which inhibited P. viticola.

Effects of blood extraction and ecophysiological experiments on stress in adult males of Liolaemus attenboroughi.

Stress during laboratory experiments can affect the outcomes of ecophysiological studies. The serum corticosterone concentration (CORT), the leukocyte profile, heterophil/lymphocyte ratio (H/L), and the presence of blood endoparasites were analyzed as a proxy of stress and immunological state in adult males of the lizard Liolaemus attenboroughi, endemic to Patagonia, Argentina. The results of the ecophysiological variables (preferred temperature, running speed, locomotor endurance, and body condition index, BCI) were analyzed in relation to stress indicators obtained from blood samples taken at three different times: at capture, and on the third and seventh days in the laboratory. Males at capture showed a high percentage of lymphocytes and heterophils and a low of basophils, monocytes, and eosinophils. Haemogregorina-type endoparasites have been recorded in the genus Liolaemus for the first time. The proportion of infected males remained stable during captivity; however, these males showed higher CORT levels, increased percentages of basophils, and decreased percentages of lymphocytes. There was a significant increment in CORT and H/L, and a decrease in BCI during laboratory experiments, compared with baseline values at capture. The performance was not related to the CORT or the repeated blood sampling. The BCI decreased, possibly due to energy reserve mobilization caused by acute stress. This study shows that blood extraction and ecophysiological experiments over 7 days have a minor effect on the stress indicators used.

Early-life supplementation with mannan-rich fraction to regulate rumen microbiota, gut health, immunity, and growth performance in dairy goat kids

Enhancing gastrointestinal health, immunity, and digestion are key factors to support dairy goat kid performance. Several additives have been studied in relation to these actions. This study investigated the impact of mannan-rich fraction (MRF) inclusion in goat milk on the growth performance, gut health, rumen fermentation, and microbial profiles of Xinong Saanen dairy goat kids. A total of 80 kids aged 14 d and 4.72 ± 0.33 kg BW were randomly assigned into 2 groups: control and MRF (1 g/d MRF mixed into milk). Each group consisted of 40 kids with 10 kids per pen. All kids were given milk individually and fed a starter diet by pen, with the trial lasting 10 wk. Body weight and blood samples were collected on the seventh day at 2, 6, 10 and 12 wk of age, and feed intake was determined daily. From the first to seventh day at 12 wk of age, fecal samples were collected from 4 kids in each group to analyze nutrient digestibility. On the seventh day of 12 wk of age, 4 kids from each group were slaughtered for evaluation of rumen fermentation, rumen microbiota, and gut morphology. The results indicated that MRF supplementation led to greater overall BW, overall starter DMI, and overall ADG, along with a lower overall diarrhea rate. However, no difference in overall feed efficiency and apparent digestibility of nutrients was observed. Furthermore, MRF supplementation resulted in increased ileal villus height; higher RNA expression of claudin-1 and occludin in the duodenum; higher expression of ZO-1, JAM-2, and occludin in the jejunum; and higher expression of claudin-1, JAM-2, and occludin in the ileum. Additionally, the concentrations of overall IgA, overall IgM, and overall IgG were higher in the MRF group. The concentrations of ruminal acetate and total volatile fatty acid were higher with MRF supplementation (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, supplementation with MRF resulted in higher abundance of Bacteroidetes and Succinivibrio and lower abundance of Firmicutes and Succiniclasticum in the rumen. Overall, the growth performance, gut health, immunity, and ruminal microbial structure of dairy goat kids benefited from MRF supplementation.

Innovative Analogs of Unpasteurized Kombucha Beverages: Comparative Analysis of Mint/Nettle Kombuchas, Considering Their Health-Promoting Effect, Polyphenolic Compounds and Chemical Composition.

Increasing demand for functional beverages is attracting consumers' attention and driving research to expand our knowledge of fermentation using symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast (SCOBY) and demonstrate the health effects of consuming kombucha. The objective of this study was to develop innovative recipes for unpasteurized mint/nettle kombucha analogs, and to compare the products obtained under varying conditions in terms of chemical composition, bioactive polyphenols and health-promoting activity. Four variants of kombucha beverages (K1-K4), differing in the addition of sucrose and fermentation temperature, were formulated. The fermentation process provided data indicating the increase of antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and anticholinergic properties, while a decrease in antioxidant capacity was observed. The content of polyphenolics was the highest on the seventh day of fermentation. A higher fermentation temperature and a larger amount of sucrose accelerated the fermentation process, which may be crucial for shortening the production time of kombucha drinks.

The Meaning of Symbols in The Peucicap Aneuk Procession in Aceh: A Semiotic Study

The Peucicap Aneuk tradition is part of past culture with historical value. In its implementation there are religious symbols that have their own meaning. The approach used in this research is semiotic theory to read and understand the meaning of the symbols used by the people of Aceh during the implementation of the Peucicap Aneuk procession. with descriptive qualitative research design. primary data of this research comes from field observations of the Peucicap Aneuk procession and secondary data comes from journals, books, and ancient Acehnese manuscripts. This research showed that, in general, the Acehnese people perform the Peucicap Aneuk procession in the morning on the 7th (seventh) day after a mother gives birth to her child. When the peucicap ritual is carried out, there are 17 (seventeen) symbols, namely rice and paddy, sticky rice, Tumpo, On Peusijuek, free-range chicken egg yolk, rice kneaded into porridge, honey, Zam-Zam water, fruits, chicken thighs, chicken liver, turmeric, salt, sugar, coconut, mirror, Quran. In the Peucicap Aneuk procession, this article confirms the expectations of every parent for their children through the representation of cultural symbols. This article shows that there are several relations between the role of these symbols and the spirit of the community to preserve this culture in line with Islamic values.

Comparison of Bilirubin Level in Term Infants Born by Vaginal Delivery and Cesarean Section Delivery

Background: Given the overriding importance of neonatal jaundice and scarcity of studies on the role of route of delivery on its occurrence, this study aimed to investigate the association between neonatal bilirubin level and the route of delivery (i.e., normal vaginal delivery [NVD] and cesarean section [CS]). Methods: This prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted in 2012- in Accadmic hospital of medical faculty of balkh university Afghanistan, in all term infants, who met the inclusion criteria was serum bilirubin level was measured by the bili-test device between the second and seventh days after birth. In cases with skin bilirubin level&gt;5 mg/dl, serum bilirubin was also checked. Results: A total of 182 neonates were enrolled in the study, 56% of whom were male. The mean bilirubin levels in the NVD and CS groups were 9.4±2.9 mg/dl and 9.8±3.4 mg/dl, respectively (P=0.53). Additionally, comparison of the mean bilirubin levels between the two groups based of demographic characteristics demonstrated no significant differences. Conclusion: This study showed no significant correlation between neonatal jaundice in term infants and the route of delivery.

Mating behavior and oviposition of Palpita forficifera (Lepidoptera: Crambidae).

Palpita forficifera Munroe, 1959 (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is considered the main pest of the olive tree (Olea europaea L., Oleaceae) in Brazil and Uruguay. The aim of this work was to study the mating and oviposition behavior of P. forficifera in the field and laboratory. In the field, the sex emitting the mating pheromone was determined and in the laboratory, the rate of emergence of males and females; the age, time and duration of mating; number of copulations and oviposition time of P. forficifera were recorded. The field results showed that it was possible to capture up to five males per trap in just one night in traps with the presence of female P. forficifera. Copulation occurs between the seventh and twenty-third day of life and is most frequent during the third and sixth hours of scotophase. The average duration of the first copulation was 174min, with 35% of couples recopulating, and there were cases of up to five copulations. Oviposition times were concentrated between 20:00 and 02:00. The results obtained provide insight into the reproductive behavior of P. forficifera and are useful for future studies aimed at identifying the sex pheromone to improve monitoring of the pest in olive orchards.

Sustained Delivery of Rifampicin Nanoformulation Administration Intravitreally Into Rabbit Eyes for Ocular Tuberculosis.

Diagnosis and treatment of ocular tuberculosis is very challenging. It poses a significant and potential management dilemma after diagnosis as a primary, active, or secondary infection. The higher amounts of orally administered antitubercular drugs are needed to achieve the therapeutic concentration in the eye, which may lead to a higher risk of side effects. However, the intravitreal administration of drugs is not practiced because of the frequent administration of the injections. This study was carried out to develop, optimize, and characterize rifampicin-loaded poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles to make them sustained release followed by the direct administration of plain rifampicin and rifampicin nano-formulations in the vitreous of rabbit eyes. Both groups were comparatively assessed for the sustained delivery of the two preparations in the vitreous and their systemic toxicity. The characteristics of rifampicin-loaded nanoparticles were 786 nm in size with narrow size distribution along with a zeta potential of -12 mV. The drug encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity were 67.68% w/w and 42.28% w/w, respectively. The four New Zealand white rabbits were divided into two groups and given plain rifampicin (50µl volume) and PLGA nanoformulations of rifampicin (50µl volume) in each eye. In vivo, rifampicin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles produced sustained release of rifampicin for a week, even obtaining the 0.51 µg/ml levels on the seventh day in vitreous against negligible levels after one day for free rifampicin. The Cmax levels for free Rifampicin and Rifampicin nanoparticles were 0.44 µg/ml and 1.86 µg/ml, respectively. In this experimental proof-of-concept study, we have found that rifampicin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles released rifampicin in a sustained manner for up to seven days compared to free drugs only for one day into the vitreous. The intravitreal-administered drug did not reach systemic circulation.

Cerium oxide nanoparticles display antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects on gamma irradiation-induced hepatotoxicity.

Throughout radiotherapy, radiation of the hepatic tissue leads to damage of the hepatocytes. We designed the current study to examine how cerium oxide nanoparticles (CONPs) modulate gamma irradiation-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Animals received CONPs (15 mg/kg body weight [BW], ip) single daily dose for 14 days, and they were exposed on the seventh day to a single dose of gamma radiation (6 Gy). Results showed that irradiation increased serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase activities. Furthermore, it elevated oxidative stress biomarker; malondialdehyde (MDA) and inhibited the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) in hepatic tissues homogenate. Additionally, hepatic apoptotic markers; caspase-3 (Casp-3) and Casp-9 were elevated and the B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) gene level was decreased in rats exposed to radiation dose. We observed that CONPs can modulate these changes, where CONPs reduced liver enzyme activities, MDA, and apoptotic markers levels, in addition, it elevated antioxidant enzyme activities and Bcl-2 gene levels, as well as improved histopathological changes in the irradiated animals. So our results concluded that CONPs had the ability to act as radioprotector defense against hepatotoxicity resulted during radiotherapy.

The Impact of Video Calling Between Preterm Infants and Their Mothers on the Physiological Parameters of Infants and Mother-Infant Bonding.

This study aimed to determine the effect of video calling between preterm infants treated in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and their mothers on the physiological parameters of infants and mother-infant bonding. Preterm infants need prolonged treatment in the NICU, and their families may have difficulty seeing their babies during this treatment process. This is a prospective, randomized-controlled, experimental study. The study sample consisted of 75 preterm infants and their mothers. The data were collected using a maternal introductory information form, a preterm infant introductory information form, a preterm infant physiological parameters follow-up form, and the Mother-Infant Bonding Scale (MIBS). The study included 3 study groups: the video call group, the video call with lullaby group, and the control group. Video calls between preterm infants and their mothers were made through Zoom for 5 to 10 minutes daily for 7 days. The mothers filled out the MIBS online before and on the 7th and 30th days of the study. Preterm infants in the video call and the video call with lullaby groups had higher MIBS mean scores on the 7th and 30th days of the study than their pretest MIBS scores. Preterm infants in the video call and the video call with lullaby groups had statistically significantly higher MIBS mean scores on the seventh day of the study than those in the control group. At the end of the 7-day study period, there was an improvement in the physiological parameters of preterm infants in the video call group and the video call with lullaby group compared with those in the control group, and this relationship was statistically significant. In conclusion, the implementation of video calls between mothers and preterm infants in NICUs had a healing effect on the physiological parameters of preterm infants and increased mother-infant bonding.

ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ СОСТОЯНИЯ КОЖИ ОБЛАСТИ РТА ЖИВОТНЫХ ПОСЛЕ ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЯ СТОМАТОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ДИОДНЫХ ФОТОПОЛИМЕРИЗАТОРОВ

Aim of the study: studying the effect of light radiation from dental photopolymerizers on the soft tissues of the mouth area (regio oralis A01.2.01.018). Materials and methods. Experimental studies were carried out on 50 eight months male rats, randomly divided into 4 groups: 3 main (15 animals each), the fourth - control (5 animals). Under Zoletil anesthesia, the incisors of the lower jaw of experimental animals were exposed twice to light (wavelength 395 - 480 nm) from a dental photopolymerization device. Three photopolymerization modes were used: main group No. 1 – diode photopolymerizer with a luminous flux power of 1000 mW/cm2, main group No. 2 – diode photopolymerizer with a luminous flux power of 1400 mW/cm2; main group No. 3 – diode photopolymerizer with a luminous flux power of 3200 mW/cm2. Animals in the control group were not exposed to light radiation from dental photopolymerizers. After one, three and seven days, animals from groups No. 1 – 3, seven days – animals from the control group were subjected to ether anesthesia and removed from the experiment by decapitation. For pathomorphological studies, a fragment of skin from the mouth area was isolated. The material was fixed with a 15% aqueous neutral solution of formalin and embedded in paraffin. Histological sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, according to the van Gieson method, and Alcian blue; performed the CHIC reaction. The vascular bed and its elements were studied using the Gabu-Dybanu method. A standardized comparative microscopic study of skin tissue adjacent to the irradiation zone was carried out using the ZEISS Axio Imager A2 hardware and software complex at magnifications of 1:100 and 1:200. A descriptive method was used to evaluate the results obtained. Results. Microscopy of preparations of the skin of the lips of experimental animals allowed us to come to the conclusion that the primary reaction of tissues to the effects of light radiation from photopolymerizers is of the same type and does not depend on their technical characteristics. Hyperkeratosis and acanthosis of the epithelium, congestion of the microvasculature, the presence of edema and diffuse infiltration of the dermis were detected. Quantitative and qualitative changes in mast cells were observed - an increase in the degree of their degranulation and the number of process forms, which is a marker of tissue damage in response to irradiation. The described changes, which in general are pathomorphological signs of acute inflammation, were determined on the first and third days after irradiation. Further dynamics indicated a decrease in the described reactive changes by the third day when using the photopolymerization mode: wavelength 395 – 480 nm, power 1000 mW/cm2, exposure 10 sec. When using the photopolymerization mode: wavelength 395 - 480 nm, power 1400/3200 mW/cm2, exposure 3 seconds - by the seventh day of observation there was a positive dynamics in the relief of pathological processes, but signs of inflammation remained. Conclusion. Experimental data indicate the possible development of negative photochemical reactions in the skin of the lips after exposure to light from dental photopolymerizers during the treatment of patients with pathology of hard dental tissues. The results obtained can be used to substantiate the prevention of pathological processes in the tissues of the perioral area. Further in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies are needed to determine the optimal irradiation intensity, irradiation time, and other aspects to ensure the safety and effectiveness of light curing agents.

Nanoemulsion of Amber rice bran oil (Oryza sativa L.), characterization and properties

A nanoemulsion of Iraqi Amber rice bran oil (NARBO) was prepared using an ultrasonic method. The nanoemulsions: NE1, NE2, and NE3 were formulated using an emulsifier (Tween 80 and sodium caseinate) in a ratio of 1:1 and at a concentration of (1.5, 2, 2.5%), and were examined to ensure their stability and physicochemical properties. All nanoemulsions carried a negative charge for zeta potential ranging between -31.51 and -18.52, with the highest value recorded in NE1 on day 7. The negative zeta potential increased on day 7 for all prepared nanoemulsions. and concerning droplet size, it ranged (from 89.4 to 144.2 nm), and the smallest size was recorded in NE3. Increasing the emulsifier concentration resulted in decreased droplet sizes. All nanoemulsions had good droplet size distribution, with a Polydispersity Index of less than 0.3. FE-SEM images revealed that the nanoemulsion droplets were spherical, uniformly distributed, and well-coated at all emulsifier concentrations. Viscosity values ranged between (3.5 to 6.2 cP) and increased with the concentration of emulsifier. From the results of the stability test, it can be concluded that NE3 was the most stable during the period studied, as the lipid index (CI) remained zero until the seventh day. The highest value of oil encapsulation efficiency (EE) (97.60%) was recorded in NE3. These results showed that a stable nanoemulsion was successfully prepared from Iraqi amber rice bran oil, which could represent a promising solution for improving the stability and bioavailability of the oil and the active and effective compounds it contains.

An experimental study to assess the effectiveness of video-assisted childbirth education programme on knowledge regarding childbirth among primigravida mothers attending antenatal out patient department of a selected hospital in Bhopal.

Childbirth is a normal physiological process in a woman's life, yet it is a life-changing experience for the primigravida mothers. Boosting confidence regarding pregnancy and childbirth by enhancing knowledge is an important component of care. The aim was to assess the effectiveness of the video-assisted childbirth education programme on the knowledge of the primigravida mothers regarding childbirth. A quantitative research approach with a quasi-experimental non-equivalent control group design was adopted. Non-probability convenient sampling technique was used to select the 60 primigravida mothers who completed 34 weeks of gestation and are attending the Gynaec Outpatient Department (OPD) of a tertiary care hospital in Bhopal. The self-structured knowledge questionnaire was developed. On the first day of contact with the sample, pretest was taken from both groups. A tailor-made video was administered to the experimental group on the same day. Posttest was taken on the seventh day from both groups. Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) used to determine the effectiveness of video-assisted childbirth education programme revealed a significant interaction between the intervention and time, F (1,58) =29.398, P < .001. The mean difference in knowledge score over time was greater in the experimental group compared to the control group and the difference was statistically significant. The video-assisted childbirth education programme was effective in enhancing the knowledge of primigravida mothers regarding childbirth.

Effect of Curcuma longa (Turmeric), as an intra-canal medicament, on inter-appointment endodontic pain in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis: A randomized controlled clinical trial

Inter-appointment pain (IAP) is a subtype of postoperative pain which occurs between endodontic appointments. It may begin within a few hours after the first appointment and may continue for several days. Apart from mechanical instrumentation and thorough irrigation, intracanal medicaments play a central role in the disinfection of root canals and thus decreasing IAP. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Curcuma Longa as an intracanal medicament on IAP in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis (SIP). One hundred healthy adult patients having SIP in one of their single-rooted maxillary or mandibular teeth participated in this randomized, parallel, single-blinded clinical trial. After thorough biomechanical preparation, the root canals were randomly medicated with one of the following medicaments, Control (no medicament), Calcium Hydroxide, triple antibiotic paste (TAP), and Curcuma Longa. The pain was recorded using Visual analog scale at 4 h, 24 h, and every day until the seventh day. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U, and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. No statistical difference in pain scores was observed between Calcium Hydroxide, TAP or Curcuma Longa groups. It can be concluded that Curcuma Longa, Calcium hydroxide, and TAP are equally effective in controlling IAP.

Unveiling the functional potential: Mineral analysis of kombucha enriched with spices as a flavorful health beverage

Interest in fermented foods has grown due to potential health benefits, and kombucha, an ancient beverage originating in Asia, has been highlighted for its probiotic properties and unique flavor. Combining kombucha with spices has shown promising results in improving the flavor and nutritional properties of the fermented beverage. The study evaluated the composition of kombucha prepared with green tea (Camellia sinensis), both in the first and second fermentation, using homemade samples from consumers. Cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum), cloves (Syzygium aromaticum), and turmeric (Curcuma longa) were added to enrich kombucha with different aromas and health benefits. The results indicated increased levels of reducing sugars during fermentation and a constant concentration of antioxidant compounds in all samples kombucha fermented on the seventh day. Adding clove and cinnamon spices in the second fermentation increased the concentration of antioxidants, but the same effect was not observed with turmeric. Furthermore, fermentation also increases the presence of essential mineral compounds in the kombucha.

In vitro Evaluation of Entomopathogenic Fungi for the Management of Broad Mite, Polyphagotarsonemus latus Occurrence on Mulberry

The in vitro evaluation of two entomopathogenic fungi, Lecanicillium lecanii and Hirsutella thompsonii, was conducted to assess their efficacy against the Broad mite, Polyphagotarsonemus latus, damaging mulberry. The study measured the cumulative mortality rates of Broad mites at 1, 3, 5, and 7 days after Spraying (DAS) of the fungi at different concentrations (1.5, 2.5, and 3.0 ml/l). Significant variations in mite mortality were observed across different treatments and time points. The highest mortality rate was 65.87 ± 1.61% with H. thompsonii at 3.0 ml/l, while the lowest was at 1.5 ml/l with a 43.86 ± 0.90% mortality rate at one DAS. Three days after spray, H. thompsonii at 3.0 ml/l showed the highest mortality rate (82.00 ± 1.05%), with the least effective being at 1.5 ml/l (53.60 ± 3.20%). At five days after treatment, the highest mortality was 95.60 ± 1.31% observed in H. thompsonii at 3.0 ml/l, whereas L. lecanii recorded 91.34 ± 0.76% with. By the seventh day, H. thompsonii at 3.0 ml/l achieved the highest mortality rate of 98.80 ± 0.65%, while L. lecanii showed 98.00 ± 0.42%.

Photodynamic Therapy under Diagnostic Control of Wounds with Antibiotic-Resistant Microflora

Background: Difficulties in the treatment of purulent wounds are caused by bacterial biofilms, which results in decontamination limitations. Infected wounds are not sufficiently susceptible to existing antibiotics, necessitating the search for alternative approaches to reduce the concentration of pathogenic microflora. Methods: This study describes an approach to the effective treatment of wounds by photodynamic inactivation or therapy (PDI/PDT) of antibiotic-resistant microflora under fluorescence control. For this purpose, laser and LED light (660–680 nm) and different groups of photosensitizers (PS) (1% solutions of methylene blue, aluminum phthalocyanine, chlorine e6 and nanocomposites containing these groups of PS) were used. The study included 90 patients with various wounds. Some patients were subjected to fluorescence diagnosis by laser spectral analysis before the PDT. Results: Positive results were achieved in 76 patients (84%, p &lt; 0.05). After the first PDT session, a decrease in the concentration of microflora was noticeable. By the third and seventh days, a significant to complete inactivation of bacteria was obtained. In all patients who were photo-diagnosed before PDT, a significant PS concentration decrease of more than 75% after PDT was obtained. Conclusion: PDT is an effective method for the inactivation of antibiotic-resistant pathogens, including in long non-healing wounds, contributing also to early tissue regeneration.

Design of geometric flower pattern for clothing based on deep learning and interactive genetic algorithm

Abstract Geometric and floral models are an important part of clothing and have been used for thousands of years. Although the styles of geometric models and flower models have undergone changes over the centuries, they are still one of the important factors of clothing patterns, the important carrier of aesthetics, and the manifestation of people’s spiritual views and cultural needs. The development and application of digital printing technology have freed people from excessive dependence on sewing and embroidery processes. Therefore, while deeply studying the design of clothing patterns, this work sorted and analyzed the geometric flower models of clothing through interactive genetic algorithms, and optimized programming to enrich the models of clothing with geometric textures. The results showed that the deviation value of geometric flower pattern design was constantly decreasing, while the optimal strategy value was constantly increasing. The mean deviation value was 0.82, which was a decrease of 0.21 on the seventh day compared with the first day; the mean value of the optimal strategy value was 0.84, which was an increase of 0.19 on the seventh day compared with the first day. The visual effect and creativity of the clothing flower pattern design under the interactive genetic algorithm are better than the traditional flower pattern design, and the visual effect and creativity under the interactive genetic algorithm are 9% higher than the traditional one.