Settlement Sector Research Articles

The Role of Basic Infrastructure to Strengthen Economic Security in Eastern Indonesia

This study aims to analyze the role of water infrastructure in supporting the development of leading commodities in Maluku and Papua, Indonesia. The 2020 Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) dataset will be analyzed using the Location Quotient (LQ) technique to determine the leading sectors/base commodities with comparative advantages in the Maluku and Papua Provinces. Based on the Location Quotient (LQ) analysis results, it will be combined with a spatial approach to provide an overview of water resources and infrastructure. The results of this study show that water resource infrastructure is related to the housing settlement sector and agricultural commodities in Maluku and Papua. Increasing agricultural productivity has positive implications for Indonesia's food and economic security. Investment in water infrastructure development is needed to support leading sectors.

The call for an evidence-based integrated funding and service delivery system for newcomers.

As immigration continues to drive Canada's growth, the newcomer serving sector remains pivotal in facilitating newcomers' integration into communities. However, this sector grapples with ongoing challenges, exacerbated by the federal government's priority to increase immigration levels, thereby complicating the settlement landscape. This article examines the funding and service delivery difficulties organizations encounter. It underscores a system that fosters funding competition, impedes interorganizational collaboration, complicates program outcome reporting, and entails high administrative costs. Additionally, it addresses the specific challenges faced by newcomer children, youth, and families settling in Canada. The recommendations emphasize that no single agency can resolve the settlement sector crisis alone. Urgent actions include piloting integrated networks over integrated services and adopting a new Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada funding model that aligns with population and cultural needs. Moreover, eliminating silos is essential to establish a cohesive and efficient service delivery network committed to public outcomes and accountability.

Immigrant Settlement and Integration in Canada: Trends in Public Funding

This article is the first study to document trends in state funding for the settlement sector in Canada. It is based on an innovative new dataset that was secured through several years of using freedom of information legislation to collect federal and provincial funding data on settlement and integration programs. This study demonstrates, among other things, that there are significant disparities in funding for settlement and integration services among regions within Canada. Funding for immigrant-serving organizations (ISAs) is also concentrated among a small number of organizations. These trends have potential implications for the access and quality of settlement services available to newcomers based on where they land in Canada.

The Strategy of Housing Rehabilitation and Reconstruction after 2022 Earthquake in Cianjur, West Java, Indonesia

Monday, November 21st, 2022 at 13.21.10 WIB the Cianjur Regency area was rocked by a tectonic earthquake with a magnitude of M-5.6. The epicenter was located in the source zone of an active fault earthquake which had not been mapped before and it was recently identified that the earthquake was caused by the Cugenang Fault. The earthquake resulted in 335 fatalities, 8 people were missing, and 59,889 houses were damaged. After the emergency response steps were taken, further measures taken were post-disaster rehabilitation and reconstruction activities so that community activities could recover quickly, including the recovery of the housing and settlement sector. Therefore, the Government launched a post-disaster recovery program by providing program and budget support for the rehabilitation and reconstruction of housing and settlements. The purpose of this research is to analyze the strategy for the rehabilitation and reconstruction of the housing and settlement sector affected by the Cianjur earthquake. This research is a qualitative research with a literature study approach where the data comes from books, journals, regulations, documentation and other literature. The results showed that the strategy for the rehabilitation and reconstruction of the housing sector was carried out using two mechanisms, namely 1) stimulant financial assistance for housing repairs carried out in-situ using the community empowerment method and 2) relocating houses affected by disasters which were carried out ex-situ using the contractual method. This research is a qualitative research with a literature study approach where the data comes from books, journals, regulations, documentation and other literature. The results showed that the strategy for the rehabilitation and reconstruction of the housing sector was carried out using two mechanisms, namely 1) stimulant financial assistance for housing repairs carried out in-situ using the community empowerment method and 2) relocating houses affected by disasters which were carried out ex-situ using the contractual method. This research is a qualitative research with a literature study approach where the data comes from books, journals, regulations, documentation and other literature. The results showed that the strategy for the rehabilitation and reconstruction of the housing sector was carried out using two mechanisms, namely 1) stimulant financial assistance for housing repairs carried out in-situ using the community empowerment method and 2) relocating houses affected by disasters which were carried out ex-situ using the contractual method.

Can Canada become home without a house? The intersectional challenges to housing and settlement among refugees

Service providers’ crucial roles in securing housing for refugees in Canada is a topic scantly addressed in the broader literature. A focus on frontline workers in the housing and settlement sectors offers a productive analytic lens to map the critical link between service provision and housing access for refugees. Based on thirteen semi-structured interviews with service providers across nine organizations in Toronto, Canada, this study illuminates housing access barriers, such as lack of affordable housing and perceived housing discrimination. Furthermore, this paper unearths the intersectional praxis of frontline workers. Broadening the analytical frame to include an intersectional lens centring race, class, immigration status, and gender, this paper enriches current scholarship on 1) housing inequality, 2) refugee settlement, and 3) intersectionality. This paper also makes an epistemic intervention in the evolving field of housing studies at critical junctures. While this research was conducted prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, this study reflects on the added complexity of the pandemic to refugees’ housing access.

Bridging infrastructure: Conceptualising non-state organisations in complex refugee settlement service landscapes

This article conceptualises the work of non-state organisations in the refugee and migrant settlement sector with a focus on universal services, bureaucratic process and social dimensions of settling in a new country. In so doing it augments conceptualisations of ‘social infrastructure’, to encompass the social, emotional and administrative dimensions of social connection in diverse societies. Drawing on analysis of non-state organisations in the settlement services sector in Melbourne, Australia, we reveal the crucial work of organisations in developing programs and initiatives that recognise the complexity of mainstream welfare services, engage with the intangible social and emotional aspects of service provision, and that contribute to the accumulation of knowledge and expertise of complex and opaque services landscape. Moving beyond conceptualisations of social infrastructure as everyday community spaces, we introduce the concept of ‘bridging infrastructure’ to denote the work of organisations in interpersonal facilitation of social networks that enable access to wider services; the creation of friendly and welcoming community spaces; and the development of knowledge and expertise about a complex services landscape. Recognising the crucial role of the non-state sector in the dynamic process of humanitarian settlement, we contend that limited conceptualisations of social infrastructure risk removing ‘the social’ from bureaucratic and non-state services landscapes that support settlement lifeworlds.

Preface

THE 5TH HABITECHNO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ADAPTIVE TECHNOLOGY FOR RESILIENT HUMAN SETTLEMENTHABITechno is a biennial international conference that focuses on creative solutions in the idea and application of modern technology for housing and settlement development, particularly for low-income dwellings in developing countries. Since 2013, the Department of Architecture, School of Architecture, Planning and Policy Development, Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB) has organized HABITechno in conjunction with other institutions in Housing and Settlement and Building Technology in Indonesia and overseas.Regulations aimed at limiting the spread of COVID-19 have had an unprecedented impact on organizations, institutions, and individuals. The online system has started a discussion on the role of technology in assisting people in dealing with this circumstance. To help people stay informed and healthy during COVID-19 the 5th HABITechno was held on November 11th, 2021, virtually (online) with the theme is ‘Adaptive Technology for Resilient Human Settlement’.That topic is to respond to the progress of digitalization and globalization of the world in accomplishing economic competitiveness, organization, and community, especially in the human settlement sector. The goals are to critically revisit and rethink the existing and potential of such adaptive technology development by proposing a solution for sustainable development under conditions of transition in developing countries.List of Structure of Committee, Advisory Board, Steering Committee and Reviewer Board, Keynote Speaker for Webinar Series, Keynote Speaker for International Seminar - Main Event, Organizing Committee, Proceeding Committee are available in this pdf.

Intersectoral collaboration for healthier human settlements: perceptions and experiences from stakeholders in Douala, Cameroon

ABSTRACT This study explored expert stakeholder perspectives on health and housing challenges in Douala, Cameroon, as well as their experiences of intersectoral collaboration to address these challenges. Fifteen stakeholders with expertise in the health or human settlement sectors were interviewed using a semi-structured in-depth interview guide. Stakeholders understood the linkage between poor housing conditions and increased risk of water- and vector-borne diseases but showed little appreciation of non-communicable disease risks, such as respiratory ailments, associated with built environments. Experiences of intersectoral collaboration were limited; centred around specific events, disaster management, or health awareness initiatives. Key barriers were sector silos and complex communication channels. Our findings highlight the need to broaden stakeholder and community understanding of the relationship between non-communicable diseases and inadequate housing, a re-imagination of governance structures to support intersectoral collaboration, and a need for more transdisciplinary research partnerships working with policymakers to contribute to the design of intersectoral action for health in ways that integrate existing evidence and incorporate health impact evaluations.

정주지 부문 온실가스 인벤토리 산정을 위한 공간 범위별 이산화탄소 흡수량 비교 분석 : 서울시를 대상으로

Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry includes the only carbon sink among greenhouse gas (GHG) inventory, and the significance of accurate statistics has increased. However, the exact amounts of GHG absorption and emissions cannot be calculated due to the absence of definition and activity data in the settlement sector. Therefore, this study established the concept and activity data of settlement area in South Korea by reviewing the definition suggested by IPCC and Annex 1 countries and calculated GHG absorption. Considering the possibility of connecting current MRV guidelines, exisiting national statistics, country and urban planning data, and unifying management authority, settlement can be defined in three ways, as a Land category, Urban area, and Urban & Plan management. The study built activity data based on concept 1 and 2, which rarely overlap with the other land categories, and the study area is Seoul, with the largest proportion of settlements in the country. Of the area of Korea, 10% was used as activity data based on systematic sampling, and GHG absorption was estimated applying the factors identified by the IPCC. The result showed GHG absorption by ‘land category’ and ‘urban area’ of 72,990.7 tCO₂·yrSUP-1/SUP and 201,287.73 tCO₂·yrSUP-1/SUP, respectively. This means that CO₂ absorption can vary depending on the factors that influence the area of vegetation within the settlement. The study identified the share of GHG statistics in settlement sector based on outcomes and contributed to the basis for calculation at the national level.

“So many things were new to us”: identifying the settlement information practices of newcomers to Canada across the settlement process

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify and map the shifting relationship between the settlement process and the information practices of newcomers from the Philippines as they migrate and settle in Canada.Design/methodology/approachThis research employs two semi-structured in-depth interviews, each with 14 newcomers from the Philippines to Canada. Participants were selected because they had migrated to Winnipeg through the Manitoba Provincial Nominee Program within 1–4 years of the date of interview.FindingsEight settlement information tables are identified that demonstrate participants' migration experiences, including participants' thoughts and feelings related to migration and settlement, their information questions and needs, the information resources they consult and the activities in which they engage.Originality/valueThis paper argues that this phased model approach documents the shifting relationship between settlement processes and migrants' information needs, activities, resources and practices. Articulating study findings using this phased model approach can support information institutions, such as the settlement sector and libraries, to provide support to newcomer groups in a timely and targeted manner.

Analisis Pengaruh Alokasi DAK Masing-Masing Bidang Terhadap Tingkat Kemiskinan di Kabupaten Pandeglang dan Kabupaten Lebak

Fiscal decentralization is one of the government’s strategies to improve people’s welfare. The fiscal decentralization policy instrument that can directly affect the quality of local government spending is The Specific Allocation Fund (DAK). The DAK management in the financial aspect has a few problems, nonoptimal regional government performance and mismatched allocation and government needs. Proposal based The Specific Allocation Fund (DAK) hopefully could adjust the development priorities determined by regional conditions, government needs, and undeveloped villages with high-level poverty. Pandeglang and Lebak Regency are the region with the highest poverty level in Banten Province. This study aims to analyze the DAK effect of each sector on poverty in Pandeglang and Lebak Regency. The analysis used Geographical Weighted Regression (GWR) with DAK data for each field in 2018 and poverty data in 2019. The result showed that DAK variables in education, health, and agriculture tended not to reduce poverty rates. The DAK variable in the housing and settlement sector, the marine and fisheries sector, the tourism sector, and the market sector tended to reduce poverty. At the same time, the DAK variable in Road, sanitation, and village funds tended to reduce poverty levels in most districts. Based on the study, the poverty alleviation program in each district is adjusted to each of the DAK sectors that are influential. However, the result indicated that the adjustment of DAK sectors influenced the poverty alleviation program in every district in Pandeglang and Lebak Regency.

Applicability of the Alternative Dispute Resolutions in Criminal Matters in Tanzania

Alternative dispute resolution is currently widely accepted in the dispute settlement sector. However, its acceptance has been argued against because of several concerns about its effectiveness in criminal matters. This paper applied for documentary review under the premise of the applicability of the alternative dispute resolution in criminal matters in Tanzania. Under such general concern, the paper centered on two main questions such as the first is whether the alternative dispute resolution can meet the standards of criminal justice as expected. The second is the scope of the criminal matters which entitle the parties to employ the alternative dispute resolution instead of using the litigation. The paper observed that the application of alternative dispute resolution in criminal matters in Tanzania is limited in terms of the scope and effectiveness in rendering criminal justice. The paper recommends the amendment of the permitting laws to clear silence and loopholes therein.

‘They Are Here Without Chains, but With Invisible Chains’: Understandings of Modern Slavery Within the New South Wales Settlement Sector

Modern slavery is a complex and clandestine social phenomenon that is poorly understood in the Australian context. The settlement sector is integral to Australia’s counter-slavery efforts, and yet, no Australian study has explicitly sought to explore how this group identifies and navigates modern slavery. This paper draws on surveys and interviews with workers in the New South Wales settlement sector, and offers new insights into how certain forms of modern slavery are understood and addressed by professionals working with newly arrived migrants. The findings of the study uncover some of the profound challenges staff encounter in detecting and responding to different exploitative practices. Furthermore, they underscore the significant disjunctions between existing legislative provisions that aim to address modern slavery, and the experiences and understandings of workers at the frontline of the issue. The study demonstrates the need for education and greater investment into modern slavery responses within the settlement sector, and multi-sectoral collaboration to proactively address the systemic issues engendering exploitation at a community level.

Does Community Size Matter in the Settlement Process? The Experience of Syrian Refugees in Lethbridge in Alberta, Canada.

The article documents refugee experience in the first year of their settlement in a small city in Canada and then explores whether the size of the community matters in the settlement processes. This is based on an extensive study of Syrian refugee settlement experiences in one large Canadian city (Edmonton) and one small Canadian city (Lethbridge). The findings argue that contrary to existing scholarly literature, small municipalities such as Lethbridge were more creative, nimble, and efficient in settling Syrian newcomers. In small cities, however, lack of denominational and non-denominational organizations to complement government assistance, the onset of compassionate fatigue among the city dwellers, and limited retention of newcomers due to limited employment opportunity are real threats to the settlement process immediately after newcomers’ arrival and in the long term. A more substantial role of municipal governments in the refugee resettlement process is recommended to offset the disproportionate burden settlement sector carries.

Hackathons as Instruments for Settlement Sector Innovation

In Canada, the non-profit organizations (NPO) and settlement sectors are increasingly re-examining their responsibility for service delivery and service design. With a growing interest in understanding how to include design principles and an “innovation” mindset in addressing the long-term outcomes of social services, new instruments are introduced as a way to experiment with different modes of engagement among the various stakeholders. The aim of community hackathons or civic hacks—a derivative of tech gatherings customized to fit public engagement—is to collaboratively rethink, redesign, and resolve a range of social and policy issues that communities are facing, from settlement, the environment, health, or legal services. Although hackathons and civic hacks aspire to be democratic, relationship-driven instruments, aligned with non-profit principles of inclusion and diversity, they are also risky propositions from the perspective of the non-profit organizational culture in Canada in that they tend to lack solid structure, clear rules, and fixed outcomes. Despite the challenges, the promise of innovation is too attractive to be disregarded, and some non-profits are embarking (with or without the government’s help) on incorporating hackathons into their toolkits. This case study will present a practitioner’s perspective on the outcomes of two community hackathons, one exploring migration data sets and the other on language policy innovation, co-developed between 2016 and 2019 by MCIS Language Solutions, a Toronto based not-for-profit social enterprise, in partnership with various partners. The case study examines how the hackathon as an instrument can aid settlement sectors and governments in fostering non-profit innovation to rethinking the trajectory of taking solutions to scale.

Promising Practices in Equity and Mental Health: The Immigrant and Refugee Mental Health Project.

This commentary explores the Immigrant and Refugee Mental Health Project at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health as a promising practice in equity in mental health. The Immigrant and Refugee Mental Health Project is a nationally funded project providing free, accredited, evidence-based online training, tools and resources. It is designed to enhance settlement, social and health sector professionals' knowledge, skills and networks for working with immigrants and refugees. The barriers to services, the social determinants of health and the healthy immigrant effect are referenced as key factors addressed by the project. The commentary discusses key components of the course, such as accessibility, capacity and content. It further discusses some of the innovation and evaluation that are planned as we move forward and explore expansions to the project.

Transforming Settlement Work

Today, the concept of anti-oppression is prevalent in social work education, research, policy, and practice. However, it is a relatively new concept in the settlement sector, and little is known about its application in settlement work. In this article, two social workers provide their critical analysis and reflections of anti-oppression work with newcomer youth in schools. Drawing on the literature and their experiences, the authors contend that the current approach to settlement work with newcomer youth is rooted in colonialism and racism, and they propose an anti-oppression approach as a new way for settlement workers to work with newcomer youth.
 KEYWORDS: newcomer youth, school settlement workers, anti-oppression, settlement services, anti-oppressive practice

Carbon Footprint from Settlement Activities: A Literature Review

One of the causes of increasing greenhouse gases is the increase in CO2 emissions produced from both the industrial sector, transportation sector, and settlement sector. The settlement sector also contributes to CO2 emissions based on household activities. Research on carbon footprint from settlement activities is currently focusing on carbon footprints from household energy use both electricity and heat energy for cooking and have not taken into account the activities of vehicle fuel use, domestic waste, and water consumption. This paper aims to conduct a literature study on matters relating to the method of estimating the carbon footprint of settlement activities and influencing variables. The results of this study are a framework for estimating the more comprehensive carbon footprint of housing activities by adding private vehicle fuel consumption, waste generation, and water consumption in addition to the use of fuel for cooking and electricity use.

ATAP HIJAU: SEBUAH KAJIAN ASIMILASI BUDAYA BERKEBUN DAN BERMUKIM PADA RUMAH TROPIS

At present the portrait of land use in several cities is dominated by settlements or dwellings. Settlements in tropical climates have the potential to support the environment for thriving plants. Therefore, research that is oriented to optimizing the tropical climate in the settlement sector is very important because in the science of architecture designing buildings is very necessary to consider the harmony of buildings, climate and humans. The culture of Indonesian society from generation to generation is a tradition that needs to get space side by side with the fulfillment of residential needs. Gardening culture is an effort to meet food needs, while living culture is an effort to meet the needs of the board, so that both are primary human needs. The research objective is to study the prospect of the assimilation of the culture of gardening and living through quantitative and qualitative paradigms. The focus of the study determined the relationship between the two variables with statistical analysis through the correlation of people's appreciation of gardening activities with income level, in the statistical test analysis using the chi square method. The results of the quantitative analysis continued with efforts to find reasons for causal relationships through in-depth interviews. The results of the study concluded that there was a correlation between the appreciation of the community and the level of income in supporting the assimilation of the culture of gardening and living in tropical homes. The problem of limited land is the cause of the lack of assimilation of the culture of gardening and living in low-income communities.

A Methodology for the Selection of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis Methods in Real Estate and Land Management Processes

Real estate and land management are characterised by a complex, elaborate combination of technical, regulatory and governmental factors. In Europe, Public Administrators must address the complex decision-making problems that need to be resolved, while also acting in consideration of the expectations of the different stakeholders involved in settlement transformation. In complex situations (e.g., with different aspects to be considered and multilevel actors involved), decision-making processes are often used to solve multidisciplinary and multidimensional analyses, which support the choices of those who are making the decision. Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) methods are included among the examination and evaluation techniques considered useful by the European Community. Such analyses and techniques are performed using methods, which aim to reach a synthesis of the various forms of input data needed to define decision-making problems of a similar complexity. Thus, one or more of the conclusions reached allow for informed, well thought-out, strategic decisions. According to the technical literature on MCDA, numerous methods are applicable in different decision-making situations, however, advice for selecting the most appropriate for the specific field of application and problem have not been thoroughly investigated. In land and real estate management, numerous queries regarding evaluations often arise. In brief, the objective of this paper is to outline a procedure with which to select the method best suited to the specific queries of evaluation, which commonly arise while addressing decision-making problems. In particular issues of land and real estate management, representing the so-called “settlement sector”. The procedure will follow a theoretical-methodological approach by formulating a taxonomy of the endogenous and exogenous variables of the multi-criteria analysis methods.