Settlements In Cities Research Articles

The impact of China's residence permit system on the floating population's willingness to settle in cities

China's residence permit system is the focus of the nation's household registration system reform and a crucial aspect of promoting the new people-centered urbanization. Based on the China Migrants Dynamic Survey, this study uses the probit regression model to investigate the impact of the residence permit system on the floating population's willingness to settle in cities and examines the moderating effect of local government's financial resources. The results show that the residence permit system has a significant promoting effect on the migrants’ willingness to settle. And local government financial resources can strengthen the effect of the residence permit system on the willingness to settle. Additional exploration shows that the residence permit system can enhance the willingness of floating populations to settle in urban areas by increasing their income and consumption levels. Heterogeneity analysis shows that for non-agricultural household registration, high-education, high-income, and interprovincial migrating groups, the incentive effect of the residence permit system is more stronger. Based on the findings, while improving the residence permit system and expanding its coverage groups, transfer payments from the central government to local governments should be increased to effectively improve the value of residence permits, promote the floating population's settlement in cities, and advance China's new urbanization.

An investigation of the factors underlying informal settlement growth: The case of Burayu City, Ethiopia

Informal settlements in developing countries’ cities are becoming more and more widespread. The city of Burayu is no exception to this trend. To address the challenges involved, it is important to understand the reasons for the prevalence and perseverance of informal settlement. However, there is a lack of institutional and actor perspectives to investigate the process and factors driving the growth of informal settlement in Burayu city. This study investigates the process and precipitating factors underlying the growth of informal settlements based on institutions, structure and agency and social non-compliance perspectives. Primary data for this study were gathered via key informant interviews, questionnaires, and observations. Secondary data were obtained from the empirical data. This study revealed that local informal institutions such as social networking play a crucial role in the growth process of informal settlement by fostering an informal written contract of sale. The study also identified rural-urban migration, speculation, locational choice, and lack of good governance as precipitating causes for the growth of informal settlement. In addition, actors use formal institutional loopholes to engage in informal buildings. Therefore, along with government structure ineffectiveness, the behavior of informal actors’ was also identified as an important, albeit often neglected, factor in the growth of informal settlements. Identifying the impact of various informal actors' behaviors on the proliferation of informal settlements is vital not only for improving relationships among actors but also for introducing relevant institutions to control informal actors to improve land governance.

The role of cultural amenities in cities for employment growth of industrial clusters: evidence from a panel VAR model

ABSTRACT Industrial clusters are critical economic drivers of city growth, and this study suggests strategies for increasing employment in clusters experiencing a lack of employees. Cities have an important role in industrial clusters because they serve employees’ needs that industrial districts cannot provide for, yet this relationship has not received sufficient attention. Therefore, this study investigates the interrelationships between clusters and their city settlement characteristics, and specifically how the latter characteristics influence one another to lead to cluster employment growth. This study expands on ideas about the role of cultural amenities for industrial clusters that lack sufficient accessibility. It uses panel vector autoregressive methodology to investigate 706 industrial clusters and their 160 cities in South Korea over 10 consecutive years. Cultural amenities can act as a starting point linked to cluster employment growth, prompting the building of other amenities. They also influence the influx of additional facilities to cities, with their overall quality upgraded, resulting in regions with rich amenities. Highlights The impact of amenities on employment in industrial clusters is examined A panel vector autoregressive model is employed for the analysis Cultural amenities in cities attract workers to industrial clusters Cultural amenities lead to an increase in education, commerce, and services amenities Cultural amenities in industrial development plans improve the economic and social benefits

Friendly, not friends: migrant settlement and diverse social ties in Australian regional cities

ABSTRACT Visa policies and pathways are increasingly driving international migration to Australia’s regional and rural centres. Often embedded within a multicultural imaginary, notions of friendliness and neighbourliness are instilled in the ‘small town’ narratives of these regional cities. However, little is known about whether this friendliness translates to the formation of deeper, meaningful connections that create the conditions for a sense of belonging to emerge. Drawing on empirical data from two regional cities across Queensland, this research investigates the challenges and barriers to forming friendships between migrant communities and ‘local’ Australian residents. We explore how co-ethnic relationships, while significant, do not always benefit and bolster migrants’ sense of belonging in the regions. Instead, we argue that inter-ethnic friendships with other migrant communities offer pathways to belonging in regional contexts. In doing so, we challenge prevalent assumptions regarding the inherent value of co-ethnic ties and the tensions so often raised within inter-ethnic relations.

Physical features of unplanned settlements in Herat City, Afghanistan

The increase in urban population growth has contributed to the expansion of unplanned settlements, especially in developing countries. Triggered by the lack of government oversight, the expansion of these settlements is characterized by unique economic, social, physical, and functional attributes. This study aims at exploring the physical features of unplanned settlements in District 4th of Herat city, western Afghanistan. Employing a mixed-research method, we integrated spatial analysis using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) into detailed field observations to get a better understanding of the characteristics of the formation of these informal settlements. Our findings shed light on a number of key physical features including irregular street layouts, inadequate drainage systems, and substandard construction materials, irregular buildings in term of layout, number of floors, and building density. The features of unplanned urban morphology contribute to socio-economic loss and environmental degradation due to the absence of critical infrastructures including water infrastructures and the presence of unplanned streets in under-resourced unplanned settlements. In fact, the absence of government’s efforts in monitoring the development of unplanned settlements hinders the provision of essential services and infrastructures in the informal settlement communities. Our assertion is that the findings of this research will help policy makers in Afghanistan to reconsider their policies and decisions on urban development and growth, particularly in the poorer and under-served unplanned settlements in major cities in Afghanistan.

Analisis Daya Dukung Lahan untuk Permukiman di Kota Bukittinggi

Bukittinggi City, with the land conversion to built-up land continues to increase and the availability of land that does not increase, faces difficulties in utilizing land for settlements along with increasing population growth. The purpose of this study is to analyze the suitability of land for settlements and the carrying capacity of Bukittinggi City's residential land for the next 30 years. The quantitative descriptive research method with data presented through tables and maps, calculations refer to the Ministry of Environment's 2014 carrying capacity guidelines and RP3KP. The results of the study indicate that the area of land suitable for settlements is Suitable (S2) covering 710 ha, less suitable (S3) covering 1,147 ha, and not suitable covering 430 ha. For the carrying capacity of Bukittinggi City settlements, in Guguk Panjang District it is in the deficit class, with a DDPm value of 0.24, while 2 other districts are in the surplus class, with Mandiangin Koto Selayan District valued at 2.42, and Aur Birugo Tigobaleh District of 4.09. And for a period of 30 years, 2032, 2042, and 2052, Mandiangin Koto Selayan sub-district and Aur Birugo Tigobaleh sub district still have a surplus while Guguk Panjang sub-district is still in deficit.

A New Perspective on the Settlement Intentions of Migrants in China: Financial Support for Housing

The factors affecting migrants’ settlement in host cities have been widely discussed, but the impact of housing financial support is still under exploration. This paper explores the effect of the Housing Provident Fund (HPF), which is a highly debated but markedly important housing financial policy in China, on migrants’ settlement intentions. Based on data from the China Migrants Dynamic Survey (CMDS), our results reveal that the HPF significantly improves migrants’ settlement intentions by increasing housing purchase intentions. The robustness test results further show that expanding the coverage of the HPF has a positive effect on urbanization. However, we highlight the conflict between the HPF effects and its specific impact on differentiated levels of coverage. We further discuss its potential challenges, describe a pilot study of a voluntary HPF in China, and offer recommendations for urban reform.

Study on the impact of hometown resource endowment on farmers’ rural-urban migration decisions against the background of “dual carbon”

This study investigates the impact of hometown resource endowment on farmers’ rural-urban migration decisions within the context of “Dual Carbon” policies. It aims to understand the factors influencing migration decision-making amidst the dynamics of urban and rural land occupation, particularly focusing on the role of hometown resource endowments led by homesteads. Using data from the China Migrants Dynamic Survey (CMDS), this study analyzes the influence of hometown resource endowment, primarily residential land, on farmers’ migration decisions. Ownership of homesteads and contracted land significantly affects farmers’ settlement in cities, while the dividend effect from village collectives is negligible. Additionally, the administrative level of the hometown serves as a significant factor in migration decision-making, particularly in family migration. Homestead and contracted land ownership negatively impacts both household and individual migration decisions. Specifically, owning homesteads exerts a greater influence on whole family migration decisions, reducing the probability of settling in cities by 21.1%. Regional comparative analysis reveals varying effects of owning homesteads and contracted land. While it positively influences household migration to cities in the eastern region, it inhibits migration in the central and western regions. The findings highlight the complex interplay between hometown resource endowment, land use patterns, and rural-urban migration decisions. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for designing effective policies to address migration challenges in the context of environmental and socioeconomic transitions.

Local characters of Chinese ethnic settlements in Chinatown area of Malang and Kembang Jepun area of Surabaya

Urban development has always brought some impacts to the existing settlements’ dynamic. Heritage settlements acted as a resilient effort in adapting urban developments. Based on the archipelago’s potential wealth in ethnic diversities and cultural communities, the heterogeneity of urban society has always existed. Ethnic settlements (such as Chinese) are often found in developing countries. The unique characteristics of Chinese ethnic settlements set them apart from other ethnic settlements in the same city (such as Arab, Javanese, and others) in terms of their physical environment and community activities. The values of local wisdom in Chinese ethnic settlements in Chinatown Area of Malang were explored and compared to Kembang Jepun area of Surabaya, using typology as an approach in data analysis and processing. Urban design elements such as land use, style, building functions, accessibility, circulation, public space, green space, signage and conservation areas were discussed in this study context of urban heritage. The aim of the study was to be the future guidelines to the government in directing special ethnic settlements’ arrangement (especially Chinese) along with the characters, as well as providing theoretical input for academics to strengthen the local characters with relatively different ethnic settlements in various cities of archipelago. This study showed that Chinese architecture tolerate, adapt and maintain physical aspects through buildings and the living culture.

Environmental sustainability performance of eleven upgraded informal settlements in Kenyan cities

Environmental sustainability performance of eleven upgraded informal settlements in Kenyan cities

Urban Environment Quality and Migrant Settlement Intentions: Evidence from China’s Hygienic Cities Initiative

The number of internal migrants in China reached 376 million in 2020, accounting for about one-fourth of the total population. Therefore, promoting their settlement in cities and integration into urban life is crucial for both sustainability and for their well-being. Drawing on data from the 2014–2018 China Migrants Dynamic Survey and taking the “Hygienic Cities Initiative” as a quasi-experiment, this research study analyzes the influence of improving the urban environment quality on migrants’ settlement intentions within a difference-in-difference (DID) framework. The study findings indicate that the creation of “Hygienic Cities” demonstrates a significant positive effect on migrants’ settlement intentions, thereby leading to a 4.57% increase. Further analysis highlights that the creation of “Hygienic Cities” primarily affects migrants’ settlement intentions by (1) improving local air quality and (2) increasing the sanitation of the urban environment. In addition to this, the effect of “Hygienic Cities” on migrants’ settlement intentions is stronger for migrants with higher education and income levels, shorter migration experience, unmarried males, and employers or self-employed individuals. This research article confirms that the urban residential environment has become a critical factor influencing Chinese migrants’ settlement intentions. As a result, further attention to environmental protection and improvements in urban environmental sanitation is crucial in city management for attracting talent and investments to cities, but such initiatives may also lead to potential gender imbalance in cities.

Structural analysis of key drivers affecting resilience against earthquakes Research case: informal settlements in the 20th district of Tehran metropolis

INTRODUCTION: Informal settlements in cities are one of the most vulnerable regions to natural disasters, including earthquakes. The investigation of the vulnerability of Tehran's 20th District to earthquakes revealed that the plans and measures taken to make this area more resilient were unsuccessful. This research was conducted to systematically identify and analyze the key drivers effective on the resilience of District 20 of Tehran against earthquakes. METHODS: The present study was mixed (quantitative-qualitative) with an analytical-exploratory nature, and the statistical population consisted of a group of 35 experts in the two fields of "futuristic approach" and "resilience". The Delphi technique was utilized in this research, and the obtained data were analyzed in MicMac software using structural analysis. FINDINGS: The findings obtained from the distribution of variables in the axes of influence and dependence of factors in MicMac software indicated the instability of the system within the scope of the study, based on which, five categories of variables were identified. CONCLUSION: According to the high score of direct and indirect influences of the factors, 11 main factors were identified as the key drivers affecting the resilience of District 20 of the Tehran metropolis against the earthquake.

EPILEPSY IN THE ETHNOCULTURAL ASPECT

Based on a clinical and epidemiological study of epilepsy among the indigenous and non-indigenous population in the Mashtaga settlement of Baku city (2016-2019), 197 patients with various forms of epilepsy aged 0 to 69 years were identified. In parallel, the ethnic aspect of the disease was studied. During the study period, certain ethnic characteristics of the indigenous population were identified, which influenced the prevalence of epilepsy, as well as its social frame and the characteristics of its clinical manifestations. As a result of the study, it turned out to be likely that brain neurons in male Asians in the northeast of the Great Silk Road and Hispanics in South America are relatively more prone to developing excessive neuronal discharges.

Development of E-Modules Based on Read-Answer-Discuss-Explain and Create (RADEC) Assisted by 3D Pageflip Professional on the Theme 6 Subtheme 1 "Temperature and Heat"

teaching materials with the help of 3D Pageflip Professional on the theme 6 subtheme 1 “temperature and heat” in grade 5 of elementary school. Based on preliminary study data through interviews that SDN 17 Kampung Baru, SDN 07 Kampung Jawa II, SDN 04 Rawang Pariaman city settlements that the use of less attractive printed teaching materials and materials that do not match the characteristics and environment of students. This development research uses the ADDIE model and uses instruments questionnaires, tests and observation sheets. Where after conducting research involving five validators for the validation aspect, three teachers and students in three schools for the practicality aspect, and fifth graders at three schools to test effectiveness. Obtained results of teaching materials are in the category of very validity, teaching material is in the class of very practicality, and the effectiveness of teaching materials is very effective.

Tlos Tiyatro Tapınağı’ndan İki Yeni Yazıt

This article presents the theatre temple of Tlos and two inscriptions carved on the walls of this temple. The temple was built on the central axis of the summa cavea of the Tlos theatre. The façade of the temple faces east. An inscription dated to the 2nd half of the 1st century BC was carved on the west-facing wall of the temple. According to this inscription, Aithon dedicated a golden wreath to Apollo and Demos. Thus, it is understood that the temple belonged to Apollo. The inscription states that Aithon belonged to the astikos demos. For this reason, some interpretations of the inscriptions found in Tlos and containing the names of demoi are included in the paper. All of such inscriptions are dated to the Hellenistic Period. From the Early Imperial Period onwards, demos names are no longer found in the inscriptions. In addition, all of these inscriptions were found in the city centre. Therefore, these demoi indicate a topographical division of citizens in the city settlement plan. The second inscription carved on the southeast wall of the Apollo temple is an astragal inscription. The main function of this inscription is to give a prophecy for those who are going on a journey or travelling. This prophecy inscription consists of 56 stanzas. However, the inscription presented here has not survived as a whole. Only the verses of 25 of these stanzas have survived as fragments. The translation of the 1st inscription is as follows: Aithon, son of Polemon, of the astikos (demos), after becoming gymnasiarkhos and agonothetes, offered this golden wreath as an offering to Apollo and the demos.

A Validated Framework for Characterising Informal Settlements: Two Cases from Greater Cairo, Egypt

There have been significant research studies on informal settlements within various disciplines including sociology, economy, politics, governance, and urbanism. However, little is known about the complexity and dynamism of informal settlements. The purpose of this study is to develop a framework for understanding the multiplicity of factors influencing the formation and transformation of informal settlements. It examines and validates various intricacies characterising informal settlements in three ways. First, informal settlement characteristics and their relationships are explored. Second, growth and transformation variables are examined. Third, qualities of the informal urban form and those that relate to sustainability are juxtaposed. Utilising two case studies from Greater Cairo, a qualitative approach is adopted including a critical analysis of the literature, interviews with experts and academics, and field observations. Through a comprehensive investigation of informal settlements, two deductions were made: First, the critical physical, social, and economic characteristics that influence their growth were identified. Second, the unique correlations between these characteristics were established and verified by the two case studies. The correlations assist in establishing the logic and dynamics of the informal settlements that can then be applied to develop intervention strategies. In addition, the inferred informal urban form can be considered as a sustainable urban form tailored for further analyses of informal settlements of cities of the global south.

Correction to: Solid Waste Collection in the Informal Settlements of African Cities: a Regulatory Dilemma for Actor’s Participation and Collaboration in Kampala

Correction to: Solid Waste Collection in the Informal Settlements of African Cities: a Regulatory Dilemma for Actor’s Participation and Collaboration in Kampala

Realistic characteristics and driving mechanisms of pseudo-human settlements in Chinese cities

Pseudo-human settlements (PHS) reflect the subjective wishes and needs of residents. An in-depth characterization of PHS aids in clarifying the actual development needs and future development directions of the city from the residents’ perspective. China is currently undergoing high-speed urbanization and advocates improving the quality of cities. It is particularly important to test the achievements of urbanization through PHS. This study quantitatively analyses spatiotemporal characteristics and the realistic driving mechanism of PHS in 286 Chinese cities through spatial autocorrelation analysis and geographic detectors. The results indicate that (1) the PHS level exhibited notable hierarchical characteristics and spatial differences (high in the eastern coastal regions and low in the western inland regions), with weak positive autocorrelation characteristics; (2) nighttime light index, per capital GRP, and population size are major drivers of heterogeneity of development level and functional structure of PHS; and (3) the functional structure followed an emergence-development-maturity-decline-extinction life cycle. Overall, the development of PHS must play a leading role in high-level areas, and urban decision-makers should clarify and adapt to local preferences of PHS and predict future changes. The findings of this study can help China and other countries promote realistic development by unveiling the characteristics of PHS.

Solid Waste Collection in the Informal Settlements of African Cities: a Regulatory Dilemma for Actor’s Participation and Collaboration in Kampala

Formal and informal institutions exist to regulate actors providing solid waste collection services in African cities, yet collection coverage remains low. The study examines the role of institutions in enabling and/or constraining actors’ participation and collaboration in solid waste collection in Kampala City. A qualitative methodological approach is employed by conducting in-depth interviews, focused group discussions, and reviewing documents. A dilemma in waste regulation manifests. Whereas regulations favour formal actors, informal actors predominantly provide waste collection services in poor neighbourhoods. Stringent requirements for participation and discriminatory bylaws are exposed. The interplay between formal and informal actors is vibrant but not legally supported. Therefore, it is prudent for effective planning to accommodate the operations of formal and informal actors and their interface to ensure smart cities. This might encourage participation and enable actors’ collaboration, consequently reducing uncollected waste volumes and illegal waste disposal sites in the informal settlements.

Relationship between Ethnic Enclave Settlements with Development Spectrum in Gambella City Ethiopia

The Gambella enclave serves as a crossroads for trade between Ethiopia and Sudan. Since then, weak development in relation to its enclave settlement has been observed. Keeping these gaps in mind, the paper is motivated by a study of the relationships between ethnic enclave settlement and weak development in city. A hybrid methodology was used in the study, and a sample size of 500 households from the five Kebeles that spatially structured Gambella city was used. Moreover, officials from the city administration, Gambella municipality, and Gambella urban development bureau were among the targets for interview. Data was gathered using a variety of instruments, including surveys, interviews, focus groups, and visual observations. Data from the survey was analyzed using RStudio. In this manner, an ethnic enclave settlement in Gambella city resulted in a significant level of 1 percent connection with four development spectrums, according to structural equation modeling (SEM) outputs that are either positive or negative, where a 72 percent mismatch in development sector because of the ethnic enclave settlement is observed. In order to properly utilize ethnic enclaves as resources for development and prosperity in Gambella, policymakers need comprehensive multicultural city planning that invests in residents’ attitudes and thinking. This planning has the potential to curb the observed challenges that hinder development in Gambella City through creating a favorable environment for local and indigenous knowledge, investing in huge public goods, and adopting new trends of entrepreneurship that can be admired by many who want to own the city.