Target Set Research Articles

Impact of HER2 low status on genomic signatures in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC).

1092 Background: HER2 status has become more important with new treatment regimens subcategorizing HER2 to into low (1+or 2+ FISH-) or absent HER2 expression. Through comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP), we aim to identify distinctive molecular features associated with various immunohistochemistry (IHC) categories of HER2 low tumors. Methods: Retrospective review of pathology specimens submitted to Foundation Medicine were done and 514 TNBC (ER-/PR-/HER20,1+,2+FISH-) and 191 3+/HER2 amplified clinically advanced BC underwent hybrid capture-based CGP to evaluate genomic alterations (GA) in 324 genes, MSI status and tumor mutational burden (TMB, mutations/Mb). PD-L1 expression was determined by IHC (Dako 22C3 TPS). Chi-square test and Mann Whitney U test were used in the statistical comparisons of the 2 groups. Statistical significance was defined as p < 0.05. Results: 53.5% were HER2 IHC 0+, 31.5% were HER2 IHC 1+ and 15.0% were IHC 2+/FISH negative. The HER2 3+/amplified BC were 59% ER+ and 41% ER-. Notable differences in GA frequencies included a significant increase in PIK3CA GA in the HER2 2+ vs the HER 0+ and 1+ groups (p=.0003). A lower frequency in BRCA1 GA in the HER2 2+ (5.2%) vs the HER2 0+ (9.8%) was significant when compared to the 1.0% in the HER2 3+/amplified cases (p<.0001). BRCA2 GA frequencies did not show statistically significant differences among the TNBC HER2 IHC score groups. TP53 and RB1 had the highest frequency in HER2 0+ samples, with decreasing prevalence in the HER2 1+, 2+ and 3+/amplified cases (p<.0001 for both). There was also a trend towards higher frequency of CDH1 GA as the HER2 IHC score increased from 0 to 2+ among TNBC. There were no significant differences in immunotherapy biomarkers (MSI, TMB and PD-L1) based on HER2 status among the TNBC groups. TMB >= 10 mutations/Mb was significantly higher in the HER2 3+/amplified group (p=.004). Conclusions: We found that TNBC HER2 2+ positive FISH show key molecular differences from their HER2 low (1+) or absent (0+) counterparts. The most substantial difference was an increase in GA in PIK3CA. While this is targetable in the hormone positive setting, its potential role as a target in the hormone negative setting is uncertain. Also noted but did not reach significance was a decrease in GA within BRCA1/2 and a positive linear relationship with CDH1 and HER2 IHC expression. These GA differences may indicate potential treatment options for different HER2 subgroups and warrant further investigation. Limitations of our study include the retrospective nature and the lack of clinical data. [Table: see text]

СТРАТЕГИЧЕСКОЕ ЦЕЛЕПОЛАГАНИЕ ПРОДОВОЛЬСТВЕННОГО ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ СТРАНЫ

The substantive provisions of the consistency (complexity) of the general strategic goal of achieving food security are developed. Attention is focused on the need to transfer the tasks of improving the quality of food to a new level. It is emphasized that the solution of the complex problem of providing highquality food to the population requires the allocation of the main performers of the set targets by the levels of government. The problem of the need for calculations of regional balances of food production and consumption is actualized. It is argued that the regional aspect of food security should get its place on the upper tier of doctrinal food security in the country. The necessity of generalization at the upper level of the tier of goals within the framework of both economic and financial accessibility of food is justified. The necessity of including in the upper tier of the tree the goals of the processes of digital transformation of the organization and management system of ensuring food security of the country is highlighted.

FINANCIAL INCLUSION AND INCOME INEQUALITY IN NIGERIA

Studies show that the low level of economic development in countries occasioned by high income inequality levels may be addressed by financial inclusion policies via providing increased access and availability of formal financial services to the financially excluded segment of the economy. This paper investigates the extent to which this is applicable in Nigeria using the Auto regressive distributed lag estimation technique on time series data for the period 1985 to 2019. The results, consistent with the special agent theory of financial inclusion, show that financial inclusion significantly reduce the income inequality gap in Nigeria. Furthermore, the results also suggest that education and economic growth lowers the gap while population widens the gap. Based on this, the study recommends that policy makers in Nigeria put in more efforts to achieve the set target rate of financial inclusion as well put in place population reducing polices to further reduce the gap while promoting policies that will actualise the potentials of the other indices.

International phase 3 clinical trial evaluating PF-07220060 plus fulvestrant in patients with HR+/HER2− advanced/metastatic breast cancer with progression after a prior CDK4/6 inhibitor.

TPS1129 Background: Substantial improvement in survival outcomes has been achieved with cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitors plus endocrine therapy (ET) in patients with hormone receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HR+/HER2−) advanced/metastatic breast cancer (BC); however, resistance to this therapy ultimately occurs. PF-07220060 is an oral, highly potent, selective, next generation inhibitor of CDK4 with sparing of CDK6. A first-in-human phase 1/2a study evaluated PF-07220060 (300/400 mg BID) plus ET in patients with HR+/HER2− advanced/metastatic BC who progressed on a prior CDK4/6 inhibitor plus ET (n = 26). At the data cutoff date of November 1, 2022, in patients with measurable disease (n = 21), 6 (29%) had confirmed objective response (OR) per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) v1.1, and 11 (52%) had a clinical benefit response (CBR). Of all patients (n = 26), median progression-free survival (PFS) was 24.7 weeks, and 8 (31%) patients continued treatment without progression for 60 or more weeks (1). Methods: This international (29 countries; 356 proposed sites), phase 3, open-label, randomized, parallel-group clinical trial will evaluate whether PF-07220060 plus fulvestrant improves clinical outcomes compared with the investigator-chosen therapies in adult female and male patients with HR+/HER2− advanced/metastatic BC with progression after prior therapy of CDK4/6 inhibitor plus a nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor.Key eligibility criteria include advanced/metastatic BC with measurable disease or non-measurable bone-only disease, documented HR+/HER2− status, and progressive disease/recurrence during or within 12 months after the last dose of prior CDK4/6 inhibitor given in the advanced or adjuvant setting, respectively. One additional prior line of approved treatment in the advanced setting targeting ESR1, PIK3CA, AKT1, PTEN, or BRCA is allowed. Approximately 500 patients will be randomly assigned (1:1) to receive PF-07220060 (orally and continuously in a 28-day cycle) plus fulvestrant (intramuscular injection on days 1 and 15 of cycle 1 and then on day 1 of each cycle thereafter) or investigator’s choice of fulvestrant alone or everolimus plus exemestane, which must be declared before randomization. The primary endpoint is PFS by blinded independent central review, which is defined as the time from the date of randomization to the date of first documented disease progression, as determined per RECIST v1.1, or death due to any cause, whichever occurs first. Secondary objectives include overall survival, OR, duration of response, CBR, safety, patient-reported outcomes, and pharmacokinetics. 1. Yap. JCO. 2023;41:3009. Clinical trial information: NCT06105632 .

PIK3CA mutations in endocrine-resistant breast cancer

Around 75% of breast cancer (BC) patients have tumors expressing the predictive biomarker estrogen receptor α (ER) and are offered endocrine therapy. One-third eventually develop endocrine resistance, a majority with retained ER expression. Mutations in the phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K) catalytic subunit encoded by PIK3CA is a proposed resistance mechanism and a pharmacological target in the clinical setting. Here we explore the frequency of PIK3CA mutations in endocrine-resistant BC before and during treatment and correlate to clinical features. Patients with ER-positive (ER +), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative primary BC with an ER + relapse within 5 years of ongoing endocrine therapy were retrospectively assessed. Tissue was collected from primary tumors (n = 58), relapse tumors (n = 54), and tumor-free lymph nodes (germline controls, n = 62). Extracted DNA was analyzed through panel sequencing. Somatic mutations were observed in 50% (31/62) of the patients, of which 29% occurred outside hotspot regions. The presence of PIK3CA mutations was significantly associated with nodal involvement and mutations were more frequent in relapse than primary tumors. Our study shows the different PIK3CA mutations in endocrine-resistant BC and their fluctuations during therapy. These results may aid investigations of response prediction, facilitating research deciphering the mechanisms of endocrine resistance.

Low GPR81 in ER+ breast cancer cells drives tamoxifen resistance through inducing PPARα-mediated fatty acid oxidation

AimsThe intricate molecular mechanisms underlying estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast carcinogenesis and resistance to endocrine therapy remain elusive. In this study, we elucidate the pivotal role of GPR81, a G protein-coupled receptor, in ER+ breast cancer (BC) by demonstrating low expression of GPR81 in tamoxifen (TAM)-resistant ER+ BC cell lines and tumor samples, along with the underlying molecular mechanisms. Main methodsFatty acid oxidation (FAO) levels and lipid accumulation were explored using MDA and FAβO assay, BODIPY 493/503 staining, and Lipid TOX staining. Autophagy levels were assayed using CYTO-ID detection and Western blotting. The impact of GPR81 on TAM resistance in BC was investigated through CCK8 assay, colony formation assay and a xenograft mice model. ResultsAberrantly low GPR81 expression in TAM-resistant BC cells disrupts the Rap1 pathway, leading to the upregulation of PPARα and CPT1. This elevation in PPARα/CPT1 enhances FAO, impedes lipid accumulation and lipid droplet (LD) formation, and subsequently inhibits cell autophagy, ultimately promoting TAM-resistant BC cell growth. Moreover, targeting GPR81 and FAO emerges as a promising therapeutic strategy, as the GPR81 agonist and the CPT1 inhibitor etomoxir effectively inhibit ER+ BC cell and tumor growth in vivo, re-sensitizing TAM-resistant ER+ cells to TAM treatment. ConclusionOur data highlight the critical and functionally significant role of GPR81 in promoting ER+ breast tumorigenesis and resistance to endocrine therapy. GPR81 and FAO levels show potential as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in clinical settings for TAM-resistant ER+ BC.

3D ocean assessments reveal that fisheries reach deep but marine protection remains shallow

The wave of new global conservation targets, the conclusion of the High Seas Treaty negotiations, and the expansion of extractive use into the deep sea call for a paradigm shift in ocean conservation. The current reductionist 2D representation of the ocean to set targets and measure impacts will fail at achieving effective biodiversity conservation. Here, we develop a framework that overlays depth realms onto marine ecoregions to conduct the first three-dimensional spatial analysis of global marine conservation achievements and fisheries footprint. Our novel approach reveals conservation gaps of mesophotic, rariphotic, and abyssal depths and an underrepresentation of high protection levels across all depths. In contrast, the 3D footprint of fisheries covers all depths, with benthic fishing occurring down to the lower bathyal and mesopelagic fishing peaking in areas overlying abyssal depths. Additionally, conservation efforts are biased towards areas where the lowest fishing pressures occur, compromising the effectiveness of the marine conservation network. These spatial mismatches emphasize the need to shift towards 3D thinking to achieve ocean sustainability.

Factors Influencing Public Building Energy Consumption: A Case Study of Changjiang River Administration of Navigation Affairs in China

Based on the energy consumption data of the Changjiang River Administration of Navigation Affairs public building located in Wuhan, China, this paper analyzes the energy consumption characteristics of public buildings. Using the DesignBuilder energy simulation software (v7.0.0.096), various factors influencing building energy consumption are investigated. Furthermore, SPSS (v26.0.0.0) is employed to conduct correlation analyses between measured and simulated energy consumption data. The results indicate that the most significant factors affecting energy consumption are outdoor temperature, office equipment usage time, anticipated room temperature settings, boiler usage time, and per capita daily water consumption. By exploring the factors influencing energy consumption in public buildings, this study contributes novel insights into setting targets, adjusting schemes, and achieving energy-saving effects.

Rural electrification in Nigeria: A review of impacts and effects of frugal energy generation based on some of e-waste components

Nigeria is the seventh most populous country in world being the highest in Africa. The country is blessed with vast natural resources and is one of the highest producers of oil in the world. However, the inadequate supply of electrical energy is a major setback in the nation's economic development. Thus, there is need for an urgent and immediate solution to address the electricity access situation in Nigeria. It is in view of this that we first present an overview of the electrical energy situation of Nigeria (especially in the rural areas). The benefits of rural electrification and it impacts are discussed to buttress the need for electrifying rural areas and an overview of the abundant renewable energy resources in Nigeria is presented. As a proposed solution to improve the electricity situation, the concept of a reuse solar photovoltaic system based on e-waste components and old materials is presented. The system comprises repurposed Power Supply Unit (PSU) from old desktop computers, old thermal car Lead-acid batteries, old solar panels and Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) units. The possibility of adopting this solution in Nigeria depends on the amount of e-wastes generated annually thus necessitating the need for an analysis to see the annual impact of this system on electricity access based on the amount of available e-waste. Using the huge amount of e-waste generated/received annually in Nigeria, the feasibility of our solution is assessed by estimating the possible number of households that could be electrified by the second life renewable energy systems we propose. Due to the lack of official data in this field, certain constraints and assumptions were defined for the purpose of this analysis which resulted in obtaining a range of results that showed the possible impacts of adopting the reuse system. The analysis showed the minimum and maximum impacts the reuse solution could have on electricity access in Nigeria, based on best and worst case scenario respectively. The results further showed that an average of 287,000 households can be electrified annually if this solution is adopted, causing 2.2 % increment in population with electricity access in a year (between 620 thousand and 4.1 million individuals). Thus, the result is an indication that it is possible to achieve immediate growth in electricity access based on renewable energy integration, frugal innovation and reuse/repurposing of e-waste materials. In addition, this extension of their lifespan reduces their ecological footprint. It is expected that the energy demands of the continuously growing population can be met by strict adherence to set targets including adoption of smart-grids, generation diversification and focusing on rural electrification.

An appraisal of the LQI as an approach to setting target reliabilities in ISO 2394:2015

The idea of coupling economics and safety into one optimization exercise, and hence deriving target reliabilities explicitly from socio-economic consequences of limit state violation, appeared in the JCSS Probabilistic Model Code around the turn of the century; the effort culminated in the form of a Life Quality Index (LQI)-based marginal lifesaving costs (MLSC) methodology in ISO 2394:2015 for determining maximum acceptable failure probabilities, pT, in life safety limit states for civil engineering structures across all nations. Unfortunately, while the methodology does yield adequate levels of safety when applied to structures in the developed countries, the recommended values of pT turn out to be one to two orders of magnitude higher, and unacceptable to every known standard in the world including its own earlier edition (ISO 2394:1998) when applied to structures in the developing world (exemplified by India) with identical functions and expected fatalities. This arises from two shortcomings: (1) an MLSC approach is generally unable to provide an independent constraint on monetary optimization, and (2) the LQI-based measure of MLSC constraint is strongly dependent on a country’s per capita GDP (g) and the resultant pT is effectively governed by the reciprocal of g. This paper recommends continuing with the absolute − not marginal − consequences of violating life safety limit states, and setting constraints on monetary optimization that are consistent with fatality risks from engineering activities more universally accepted to be safe.

Trends in botanical exploration in Nigeria forecast over 1000 yet undescribed vascular plant species.

Taxonomists are primary actors of biodiversity assessment. At the same time, there is awareness by the taxonomic community at large that the field is going through a crisis, sometimes referred to as the 'taxonomic impediment'. Coupled with the ongoing biodiversity crisis, or 6th mass extinction, this biodiversity impedance puts at risk the target set in the Convention on Biological Diversity's (CBD) Global Biodiversity Framework vision 2050, which calls for urgent action to '… put biodiversity on a path to recovery by 2030 for the benefit of planet and people'. This risk is particularly pronounced in tropical African countries where taxonomic studies are done on an ad hoc basis. In this study, our aim is to investigate the historical trends in botanical exploration of vascular plants in Nigeria and forecast the near-term (50-year) description of presently unknown species, which we use to discuss scenarios of taxonomic effort that may be necessary for a comprehensive biodiversity assessment in the country. The study is based on a dataset from the World Checklist of Vascular Plants, containing all vascular plant species reported to occur in Nigeria. We fit nested Bayesian time series regressions to estimate the long-term trend in the rate of description of vascular plant species in Nigeria. From these models, we use an ensemble forecast to estimate the number of species descriptions by the year 2070, and then evaluate the description rates per taxonomist required to meet this estimate under different totals of active taxonomists. We find a striking difference in species description between Nigerian botanists and their foreign counterparts, with the former contributing relatively small numbers. Additionally, only a fraction of the authors involved in describing Nigeria's vascular plants are of indigenous origin. Our study reveals that the number of new species described annually exhibits a long-term increasing trend, with an average of 19.5 species described per year. However, after taking into account year-to-year variability and the number of taxonomists active in a given year, the long-term trend in species descriptions credibly declines over time. While the number of authors involved in describing species has generally increased over time, it has remained stable since the 1950s. Predictions for the number of new species descriptions by 2070 vary by model, with an ensemble prediction estimating 1140 species descriptions, but ranging from 1004 to 2239 between individual models. The study estimates that current levels of taxonomic activity should lead to a 20 % increase in known species of vascular plants in Nigeria over the next 50 years, which is still probably an underestimate of the true, unknown species richness. Urgent action is needed to address the taxonomic impediment so that local taxonomic studies in tropical African countries can achieve the CBD's Global Biodiversity Framework vision 2050. Here, we outline some key pathways to achieving this goal.

Comparative analysis of primer sets for the assessment of clonality in feline lymphomas.

Lymphomas are among the most important and common malignant tumors in cats. Differentiating lymphomas from reactive lymphoid proliferations can be challenging, so additional tools such as clonality assessment by PCR are important in diagnosis finding. Several PCR assays have been developed to assess clonality in feline lymphomas. For T-cell lymphomas TRG (T-cell receptor gamma) genes are the preferred target whereas for B-cell lymphomas most primer sets target immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) genes. Here we compare commonly used diagnostic primer sets for the assessment of clonality in feline lymphomas under controlled conditions (i.e., identical sample set, PCR setup, amplicon detection system). Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded samples from 31 feline T-cell lymphomas, 29 B-cell lymphomas, and 11 non-neoplastic controls were analyzed by PCR combined with capillary electrophoresis. We show that the combination of the primer sets published by Weiss et al. and Mochizuki et al. provided the best results for T-cell clonality, i.e., correctly assigns most populations as clonal or polyclonal. For B-cell clonality, the combination of the primer sets by Mochizuki et al. and Rout et al. gave the best results when omitting the Kde gene rearrangement due to its low specificity. This study rigorously evaluated various primer sets under uniform experimental conditions to improve accuracy of lymphoma diagnostic and provides a recommendation for achieving the highest diagnostic precision in lymphoma clonality analysis.

ANALISIS MESIN PRODUKSI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KINERJA DENGAN METODE OVERALL EQUIPMENT EFFECTIVENESS (OEE)

PT. Hankook Tire Indonesia is a company operating in the manufacturing sector that produces vehicle tires. In the production process, the downtime that occurred during the last year was 1050.18 hours and the highest downtime occurred in the mixing machine at 524.45 hours. This downtime resulted in the production process only reaching an average of 80% of the set target. Seeing the problems experienced by PT. Hankook Tire Indonesia, it is necessary to carry out research to measure the performance of mixing machines using the OEE method and analyze losses using the Six Big Losses method. Based on the results of the performance analysis, the mixing machine is not running ideally with an OEE value of 66%. After analyzing with Six Big Loss, the biggest loss that causes engine performance to decrease is Speed ​​Losses with a percentage of 80%. The main cause of losses due to Speed ​​Losses is the Dust Collector. After analyzing the root of the problem with fishbone and recommending improvements with 5W+1H, it was able to increase the performance of the mixing machine to ideal performance with an OEE value after improvement of 91%.

Optimizing DOCRs coordination when synergizing energy management with V2G using innovative optimization algorithms

This manuscript proposes an optimal coordination approach for directional overcurrent relays (DOCRs) within electric vehicle charging stations (EVCS), considering energy management and Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) integration. The study focuses on maximizing efficiency and grid interaction in charging stations by addressing the challenge of DOCRs coordination. Three innovative optimization algorithms, namely the Hunger Games Search (HGS), Hunter Prey Optimization (HPO), and Sparrow Search algorithm (SSA), are employed to determine the optimal coordination for the DOCRs and get the time dial setting (TDS) and pickup current (IP) targeting minimum operating time for all DOCRs, considering factors such as load balancing, fault detection, and power quality in three different scenarios. EVSC has two types of charges DC and AC with two modes: V2G mode when EV is discharged into the grid, and G2V mode when EV is charged from the grid. Fast chargers are used to proceed as it can work in two modes V2G and G2V. Through extensive simulations and performance evaluations, the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The three scenarios are simulated by using ETAP and MATLAB software according to fault location and to achieve voltage regulation and sufficient power for loads to achieved continuity of service for up to 1960.7 kW loads that kept fed. The proposed approach achieved the target of protecting the EVCS in minimum operating time of relays using the three algorithms and SSA introduces the best result more than other algorithms for the relay operating time with reduction up to 21 %.

Deadly Drawing

This article, consisting of 31 illustrations with annotation, presents the result of an artistic research project revolving around the question of how to use one’s power as a creator of humour. The reader/viewer is presented with insight into the life and thinking of cartoonist/artistic researcher Self-reflexive Steve, who engages in self-investigation because he is conscious of the virtues as well as the dangers of humour. In a globalised, diverse, and democratic world, it is important to consider different sensibilities within society. Self-reflexive Steve always regarded humour as a form of connecting communication, because when people are able to laugh together, they understand each other. However, Self-reflexive Steve increasingly wonders whether he has achieved his set targets, as he primarily acts for a captive audience and creates his humorous drawings from a safe stand-off in his ivory tower. His publications are always endorsed by the editorials of the magazines he is working for and this within a society where humour makers are protected and esteemed. However, in today’s society humour is frequently used to divide. As a cartoonist/researcher, Self-reflexive Steve explores the limits of his medium, deliberately going off the rails at times. As a humour maker he seeks to reclaim the right to use fantasy, lies, distortions, exaggerations and wild associations from those in power who deploy these qualities of humour to divide and rule.

Effects of regional coordination of salmon louse control in reducing negative impacts of salmonid aquaculture on wild salmonids

Parasitic salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) are a constraint to the sustainable growth of salmonids in open net pens, and this issue has caused production to level off in recent years in the most aquaculture-intensive areas of Norway. The maximum allowed biomass at a regional level is regulated by using the so-called “traffic light” system, where salmon louse-induced mortality of migrating wild salmon post-smolts is evaluated against set targets. As a case study, we have investigated how a specific aquaculture-intensive area can reduce its louse levels sufficiently to achieve a low impact on wild salmon. Analyses of the output from a virtual post-smolt model that uses data on the reported number of salmon lice in fish farms as key input data and estimates the salmon louse-induced mortality of wild out-migrating Atlantic salmon post-smolts, suggested that female louse abundance on the local farms must be halved in spring to reach the goal implied by the traffic light system. The outcome of a modelling scenario simulating a proposed new plan for coordinated production and fallowing proved beneficial, with an overall reduction in louse infestations and treatment efforts. The interannual variability in louse abundance in spring, however, increased for this scenario, implying unacceptably high louse abundance when many farms were in their second production year. We then combined the scenario with coordinated production with other louse control measures. Only measures that reduced the density of farmed salmonids in open cages in the study area resulted in reductions in salmon louse infestations to acceptable levels. This could be achieved either by stocking with larger fish to reduce exposure time or by reducing fish numbers, e.g. by producing in closed units.

Community Deception in Large Networks: Through the Lens of Laplacian Spectrum

Many complex networks in the real world have community structures. Typical examples include online social networks and ecology networks. While the identification of communities bears numerous practical applications, with the increasing awareness of data security and privacy concerns, the need to protect the community affiliations of individuals from disclosing by attackers emerges. This raises the community deception (CD) problem, that is, the opposite of community detection, which asks for ways to minimally perturb the network structures by rewiring nodes so that the target communities maximally hide themself from community detection algorithms. To this end, we investigate the CD problem through a Laplacian spectrum lens and propose a method named <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathtt{ComDeceptor}$</tex-math> </inline-formula> to hide a flexible target set of communities, which is more universal than most existing methods that either focus on hiding the entire communities or a single community. The key idea of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathtt{ComDeceptor}$</tex-math> </inline-formula> is to first allocate the resources of perturbations fairly and effectively. By proving that hiding communities through intercommunity edge addition and intracommunity edge deletion correspond to maximizing the second smallest eigenvalue <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lambda_2$</tex-math> </inline-formula> and minimizing the largest eigenvalue <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lambda_n$</tex-math> </inline-formula> of the graph Laplacian, respectively, <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathtt{ComDeceptor}$</tex-math> </inline-formula> then incorporates efficient heuristics for approximately solving the problems, thus selecting the appropriate edge to perturb. Experimental results over nine real-world networks and six community detection algorithms not only demonstrate the efficiency of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathtt{ComDeceptor}$</tex-math> </inline-formula> , but also the superior performance on obfuscating community structures over the baselines.

IJCM_286A: Will India able to bend the curve? TB Elimination in India by 2025

Background: Tuberculosis in India is a major public health problem. The National Strategic Plan 2017-2025 aims to achieve a rapid decline in burden of TB, morbidity and mortality while working towards elimination of TB in India by 2025. By proper care and treatment of TB patients, the battle against TB can be won. In the current scenario, forecasting of Tuberculosis incidence and annual case notification rate could help policy makers in planning an effective intervention at the right time keeping in mind the target for TB elimination. Objectives: 1) To study the trend of Tuberculosis in India. 2) To forecast the incidence and annual case notification rate due to Tuberculosis in India for next 3 years. Methodology: Data regarding the incidence and annual case notification rate were collected from the annual reports of Tuberculosis published by Central TB Division, Government of India. Data from the sources were collected in a data extraction sheet and entered in MS excel. Gretl software was used for data analysis. Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) method was used to select the best fitted model for available time series data and using the selected model incidence and annual case notification rate were forecasted for next 3 years. Results: The study showed an upward trend in incidence and annual case notification rate in the sampling and post sampling period. According to the forecast, for the year 2025 the incidence of Tuberculosis will be 28.36 lakhs (95%CI- 26.4886, 32.8556) and annual case notification rate will be 178 (95%CI- 144, 211). Conclusion: There is an upward trend of Tuberculosis incidence and annual case notification rate in India in forecasted period. To achieve the set targets, the policy makers need to plan and implement more effective interventions at the right time.

Peran Pusat Pembelajaran Keluarga dalam Kontrol Parenting Era Digital di Kelurahan Bendul Merisi Kota Surabaya

The Family Learning Center plays a significant role in developing parenting control within a family to prevent negative impacts that could harm the moral values of the nation's successors. Through programs implemented by the central government, the Family Learning Center provides an understanding to the citizens about the importance of monitoring their families. This research focuses on the application of the Social Change and Communication Theory by Rogers &amp; Kincaid. Data analysis is conducted using the interactive model by Miles and Huberman in a gradual and interactive manner on the predetermined data. The Family Learning Center plays a crucial role in improving the well-being of a family. By utilizing direct communication methods at the neighborhood community hall (RW), the program has been successfully completed according to the set targets.

Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kunjungan Postnatal Care (PNC) (Studi Kasus di Puskesmas Wanasari Kabupaten Brebes)

Brebes Regency had the highest number of maternal mortality in Central Jawa, which were 62 in 2020, 105 in 2021, and 50 in 2022, dominated by postpartum mortality. One of the areas that contributed to maternal mortality is Puskesmas Wanasari. It could be prevented by conducting Postnatal Care (PNC) visits, but the percentage of the third PNC visit (KF3) in Puskesmas Wanasari had not reached the setting targets in 2020 and 2021; and each PNC visits (KF1, KF2, KF3) were likely to decreased. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors related to PNC visits at Puskesmas Wanasari. The type of study is analytical observational quantitative with cross sectional design. The sample set was 94 postpartum women who were taken using proportionate random sampling technique. Data were analyzed using chi square test or its alternative. The result shows that the delivery methods (p value 0.001), role of midwives (p value 0.022), family supports (p value 0.035), and pospartum danger signs (p value 0.015) are significantly related to PNC visits in Puskesmas Wanasari, while the other variables, such as age, education levels, employment status, and accessibility are not related to. Therefore, postpartum mothers are recommended to fulfill PNC visits at least 3 times even though they gave birth normally and have no health problems. Moreover, health workers are recommended to increase home visits, especially for them who dropped out of PNC visits. Also intensify education for them who likely believe will not be at risk during postpartum period.