Complex Set Research Articles

The Analysis of World Information Warfare and Information Security in the Context of the Russian-Ukrainian War

The appearance of significant transnational information processes has given rise to new threats to international security, such as information warfare. The problem of employing information warfare, which has become particularly acute and relevant, can be observed through the example of the full-scale war between the Russian Federation and Ukraine. Numerous information attacks by the aggressor country in the form of fake news dissemination confirm this. The latter requires in-depth study for the development of countermeasures, the application of combat algorithms, and the organization of modern information security.This article aims to introduce a methodology of information security based on several advanced defensive administrative measures, including a review of a series of response cycles to information attacks, mainly when conducted through hybrid and information technologies in the context of the Russian-Ukrainian war. Given the rapid dynamics of contemporary information processes and associated information threats, a complex set of countermeasures is necessary enabling an effective response to threats and timely prediction.The research methodology is based on general scientific and empirical methods of analysis and scientific cognition, including observation, systemic analysis, classification, scientific abstraction, statistical analysis, analogy, graphical generalization, and systematization. According to the results of the conducted research, it has been established that the distribution of managerial decisions into "fast" and "slow" allows for combining response to attacks with information accumulation to identify the most vulnerable elements and predict future information warfare. In particular, a process of responding to information attacks consisting of several stages of administrative measures has been proposed. Attention is given to the need to consider the initial data for further use in each relevant war period when repeating the cycle following the completion of the specified four-step countermeasure algorithm. Additionally, it has been identified that transmitting data on unlawful aggressor attacks to the information collection system requires careful planning and coordination among various operations and structures. The authors have substantiated and proposed the necessity and application of coordinated administrative measures among information security entities.

INFLUENCE OF POPULATION EMPLOYMENT ON THE STABILIZATION OF THE SETTLEMENT SYSTEM OF TRANSCARPATIA IN THE POST-WAR PERIOD AND CURRENT PERSPECTIVES

Displacement is the result of the influence of a complex set of factors, among which the leading place is occupied by the employment characteristics of the population region The purpose of the article is to reveal the features of resettlement in Transcarpathian region in the post- war period after the Second World War and its prospects at the present stage. The population is an object and subject of economic progress and its location depends significantly on the level of development and location of production. In general, Transcarpathia is a densely populated region. Density fluctuations are within 38.3 122.8 people/ km.. The settlement of people largely depends on the conditions of topographic zoning. A high population density is observed on the plain. The population density in mountainous areas is much lower. To a large extent, this is due to the special natural conditions of mountainous regions on the one hand and the development of industrial enterprises based on local resources in lowland settlements on the other. The mountain zone has the potential for resettlement, provided the economic base is strengthened and the remote employment of the population is organized. In Transcarpathia, after the Second World War, an increase in natural growth was observed in connection with an increase in the birth rate and a decrease in mortality. However, starting in the second half of the 20th century. The decline in the birth rate was due to the increased level of employment among women. The closeness of the borders and the strengthening of the migration processes of able-bodied people caused a decrease in the specific weight of the able-bodied population and a decrease in its absolute number. At the same time, the reproduction of the region's population was characterized by a gradual decrease in the specific weight of children and adolescents. The period of the 1970s– 1980s was characterized by the creation of a significant number of places of employment in cities. In that period, the growth of places of employment significantly outstripped the growth of labour resources. This led to the development of labour relations between settlements and the growth of pendulum migration, which contributed to the formation of urbanized zones and local settlement systems. Further improvement of the resettlement system in Transcarpathia will contribute to the development of the social, engineering and transport infrastructure of settlements; formation and expansion of labour application points, creation of conditions for development, promotion of increasing the level of urbanization in the settlement system. In the post-war period, stabilization of the resettlement system should be subject to the principle of improving existing settlements. Rational territorial organization of production facilities will make it possible to organize settlements overloaded by natural displacement of people.

Staff engagement through action learning enabling the practice of developing new services in a publicly funded university

Today, universities operate in an exceptionally challenging environment characterized by financial constraints and state‐imposed restrictions on critical strategic and operational issues. At the same time, they face rising student numbers and a more diverse student population. One way to address these challenges is through new service development (NSD). This paper examines how staff engagement through action learning can facilitate the development of new services in a complex organizational setting, such as a well‐established publicly funded university. En route, staff engagement in action learning enables the creation of capabilities for NSD. The empirical work involved four action learning projects carried out over a 15‐month period focused on the development of various service types. Applying action learning research, we describe and reflect on how different actors collaborated to develop new services and capabilities for NSD simultaneously. This study contributes a framework that identifies how action learning serves as an enabler for NSD and capability development, providing guidance for researchers and practitioners alike.

Unusual Presentation of SET::NUP214-Associated Concomitant Hematological Neoplasm in a Child-Diagnostic and Treatment Struggle.

Simultaneous multilineage hematologic malignancies are uncommon and associated with poorer prognosis than single-lineage leukemia or lymphoma. Here, we describe a concomitant malignant neoplasm in a 4-year-old boy. The child presented with massive lymphoproliferative syndrome, nasal breathing difficulties, and snoring. Morphological, immunocytochemical, and flow cytometry diagnostics showed coexistence of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL). Molecular examination revealed a rare t(9;9)(q34;q34)/SET::NUP214 translocation as well as common TCR clonal rearrangements in both the bone marrow and lymph nodes. The disease showed primary refractoriness to both lymphoid and myeloid high-dose chemotherapy as well as combined targeted therapy (trametinib + ruxolitinib). Hence, HSCT was performed, and the patient has since been in complete remission for over a year. This observation highlights the importance of molecular techniques for determining the united nature of complex SET::NUP214-positive malignant neoplasms arising from precursor cells with high lineage plasticity.

Automated Construction of a Photocatalysis Dataset for Water-Splitting Applications

We present an automatically generated dataset of 15,755 records that were extracted from 47,357 papers. These records contain water-splitting activity in the presence of certain photocatalysts, along with additional information about the chemical reaction conditions under which this activity was recorded. These conditions include any co-catalysts and additives that were present during water splitting, the length of time for which the photocatalytic experiment was conducted, and the type of light source used, including its wavelength. Despite the text extraction of such a wide range of chemical reaction attributes, the dataset afforded good precision (71.2%) and recall (36.3%). These figures-of-merit were calculated based on a random sample of open-access papers from the corpus. Mining such a complex set of attributes required the development of novel techniques in knowledge extraction and interdependency resolution, leveraging inter- and intra-sentence relations, which are also described in this paper. We present a new version (version 2.2) of the chemistry-aware text-mining toolkit ChemDataExtractor, in which these new techniques are included.

Avatars of Stein's theorem in the complex setting

Avatars of Stein's theorem in the complex setting

Using Augmented Reality Toward Improving Social Skills: Scoping Review.

Augmented reality (AR) has emerged as a promising technology in educational settings owing to its engaging nature. However, apart from applications aimed at the autism spectrum disorder population, the potential of AR in social-emotional learning has received less attention. This scoping review aims to map the range of AR applications that improve social skills and map the characteristics of such applications. In total, 2 independent researchers screened 2748 records derived from 3 databases in December 2021-PubMed, IEEE Xplore, and ACM Guide to Computing Literature. In addition, the reference lists of all the included records and existing reviews were screened. Records that had developed a prototype with the main outcome of improving social skills were included in the scoping review. Included records were narratively described for their content regarding AR and social skills, their target populations, and their outcomes. Evaluation studies were assessed for methodological quality. A total of 17 records met the inclusion criteria for this study. Overall, 10 records describe applications for children with autism, primarily teaching about reading emotions in facial expressions; 7 records describe applications for a general population, targeting both children and adults, with a diverse range of outcome goals. The methodological quality of evaluation studies was found to be weak. Most applications are designed to be used alone, although AR is well suited to facilitating real-world interactions during a digital experience, including interactions with other people. Therefore, future AR applications could endorse social skills in a general population in more complex group settings.

Exploring the ability of machine learning-based virtual screening models to identify the functional groups responsible for binding

Many recently proposed structure-based virtual screening models appear to be able to accurately distinguish high affinity binders from non-binders. However, several recent studies have shown that they often do so by exploiting ligand-specific biases in the dataset, rather than identifying favourable intermolecular interactions in the input protein-ligand complex. In this work we propose a novel approach for assessing the extent to which machine learning-based virtual screening models are able to identify the functional groups responsible for binding. To sidestep the difficulty in establishing the ground truth importance of each atom of a large scale set of protein-ligand complexes, we propose a protocol for generating synthetic data. Each ligand in the dataset is surrounded by a randomly sampled point cloud of pharmacophores, and the label assigned to the synthetic protein-ligand complex is determined by a 3-dimensional deterministic binding rule. This allows us to precisely quantify the ground truth importance of each atom and compare it to the model generated attributions. Using our generated datasets, we demonstrate that a recently proposed deep learning-based virtual screening model, PointVS, identified the most important functional groups with 39% more efficiency than a fingerprint-based random forest, suggesting that it would generalise more effectively to new examples. In addition, we found that ligand-specific biases, such as those present in widely used virtual screening datasets, substantially impaired the ability of all ML models to identify the most important functional groups. We have made our synthetic data generation framework available to facilitate the benchmarking of new virtual screening models. Code is available at https://github.com/tomhadfield95/synthVS.

Grey matter heterotopia subtypes show specific morpho-electric signatures and network dynamics.

Grey matter heterotopia (GMH) are neurodevelopmental disorders associated with abnormal cortical function and epilepsy. Subcortical band heterotopia (SBH) and periventricular nodular heterotopia (PVNH) are two well-recognized GMH subtypes in which neurons are misplaced, either forming nodules lining the ventricles in PVNH, or forming bands in the white matter in SBH. Although both PVNH and SBH are commonly associated with epilepsy, it is unclear whether these two GMH subtypes differ in terms of pathological consequences or, on the contrary, share common altered mechanisms. Here, we studied two robust preclinical models of SBH and PVNH, and performed a systematic comparative assessment of the physiological and morphological diversity of heterotopia neurons, as well as the dynamics of epileptiform activity and input connectivity. We uncovered a complex set of altered properties, including both common and distinct physiological and morphological features across heterotopia subtypes, and associated with specific dynamics of epileptiform activity. Taken together, these results suggest that pro-epileptic circuits in GMH are, at least in part, composed of neurons with distinct, subtype-specific, physiological and morphological properties depending on the heterotopia subtype. Our work supports the notion that GMH represent a complex set of disorders, associating both shared and diverging pathological consequences, and contributing to forming epileptogenic networks with specific properties. A deeper understanding of these properties may help to refine current GMH classification schemes by identifying morpho-electric signatures of GMH subtypes, to potentially inform new treatment strategies.

Using Systems Thinking and Complexity Theory to understand and improve Emergency Medicine: Lessons from COVID-19 in a safety net health system.

COVID-19 has fundamentally changed the practice of Emergency Medicine (EM). Care delivery on the front lines has historically depended upon ostensibly reliable input-output models for staffing, supplies, policies, and therapies. Challenged by the complexity of healthcare during the pandemic, the fallibility of these reductionist models was quickly revealed. Providers and systems quickly had to reconceptualize their dependence on the wider, complex system in which healthcare operates and find adaptive solutions to rapid changes. This papers seeks to review and describe how Systems Thinking and Complexity Theory (ST/CT)-concepts, principles, and tools that can be used to understand and impact our constantly evolving health system-can be applied to better understand and enact change in complex settings such as during COVID-19. Some of these ST/CT are described through the real world example of the Alameda Health System Vaccine Taskforce. ST/CT concepts such as Unintended Consequences, Interrelationships, Emergent Behavior, Feedback Loops, and Path Dependence can help EM providers and planners understand the context in which their system operates. Key principles such as Collaboration, Iterative Learning, and Transformational Leadership can help these actors respond to current and future challenges. The integration of these concepts and principles into the Learning Health System offers a model for tying these key concepts and principles together into an adaptive, cross-sectoral organizational approach. By integrating ST/CT into the practice of EM, we can not only improve our ability to care for patients but also our capacity to understand and strengthen our wider systems of care.

Synergy in Technology How Generative AI Augments the Capabilities of Customer Data Platforms

In an era marked by data-driven decision-making, Customer Data Platforms (CDPs) have emerged as pivotal tools for aggregating and analyzing customer data. However, as these platforms grapple with increasingly complex data sets and realtime customer engagement demands, there is a pressing need for more advanced, scalable solutions. This study explores the synergy between Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) and CDPs, aiming to understand how the integration of generative algorithms can augment the capabilities of these platforms. Employing a multi-method research approach, including case studies, empirical analyses, and expert interviews, this paper investigates various applications of Generative AI within CDPs, such as data augmentation, real-time decision-making, and customer personalization. Moreover, the ethical implications of using generative algorithms, especially concerning data privacy and security, are critically examined. The study reveals that Generative AI can significantly enhance the functionality, performance, and efficiency of CDPs while also posing new questions around ethical considerations. Our findings offer invaluable insights for businesses, marketers, and technologists seeking to leverage the synergistic potential of these two advanced technological paradigms.

The Influence of African Tradtional Spirituality on Christian Practices in Africa

Human beings are religious by nature. In the discussion on African traditional spirituality, it provides the proofs on how Africans were and are notoriously religious even before the advent of Christianity. This article provides an overview of the influence of African traditional spirituality on Christian Practices in Africa. It is noted in this article that African traditional spirituality is a diverse and complex set of beliefs and practices that reflect the cultural and spiritual beliefs of the people of Africa. It encompasses a wide range of practices, including ancestor veneration, divination, healing practices, music and dance, and community building. Christianity was introduced to Africa in the 1st century AD, but it was not until the arrival of European colonizers in the 16th century that Christianity began to spread more widely throughout Africa. Today, Christianity is one of the most widespread religions in Africa, with over 541 million adherents on the continent. Christianity in Africa is diverse and complex, encompassing a range of denominations, including Catholicism, Protestantism, and various indigenous African churches. This article explores the ways in which African spirituality has influenced Christianity in Africa, and how this has shaped the religious and cultural landscape of the continent.

What slows the women manager\'s advancement to leadership roles in corporate India – A review of organisational barriers

Successful organisations have identified the need for a gender-diverse and inclusive work culture which will enable them to deliver the desired results effectively. There are fewer women seen at the leadership level in organisations across almost all industry sectors. Gender-diverse boards and top management are the need of the hour. There are a complex set of factors identified to be impacting the progress of women managers to leadership positions. This paper proposes to examine the various organisational barriers which impact women workers at their workplace and is slowing their career advancement based on previous studies and literature available on the subject.This study finds that gender stereotypes and gender inequality are crucial aspects impacting women in the workplace. This manifests in several aspects of the organisation such as in its structure, culture, and policies, as male dominant hierarchy, training and mentoring challenges, and networking aspects. The methodology adopted was to review articles from journals, newspapers, and company reports and map them to these factors.

Multi-class/residue method for determination of veterinary drug residues, mycotoxins and pesticide in urine using LC-MS/MS technique

BackgroundVeterinary drugs are widely used in animals to prevent diseases and are a complex set of drugs with very different chemical properties. Multiclass and multi-residue methods for simultaneous detection of residues from veterinary drugs and contaminants in urine are very rare or non-existent. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop and validate a sensitive and reliable quantitative LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of a wide range of veterinary drug and pesticide residues and mycotoxins in bovine urine. This involved 42 veterinary drug residues (4 thyreostats, 6 anabolic hormones, 2 lactones, 10 beta agonists, 15 antibiotics, 5 sulphonamides), 28 pesticides and 2 mycotoxins. Stable isotopically labelled internal standards were used to facilitate effective quantification of the analytes. Analysis was performed in both positive and negative ionization modes with multiple reaction monitoring transitions over a period of 12 min.ResultsThe parameters validated included linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), detection capability (CCβ), decision limit (CCα), stability, accuracy and precision. The process followed guidelines of the regulation 2021/808/EC. The calibration curves were linear with coefficient of correlation (R2) from 0.991 to 0.999. The LODs were from 0.01 to 2.71 µg/L, while the LOQs were from 0.05 to 7.52 µg/L. The CCα and CCβ were in range 0.05–12.11 µg/L and 0.08–15.16 µg/L. In addition, the average recoveries of the spiked urine samples were from 71.0 to 117.0% and coefficient of variation (CV) < 21.38% (intraday and interday).ConclusionA new isotopic LC-MS/MS method has been developed, validated and applied for identification and quantification of 72 residues of veterinary drugs and pesticides and other contaminants such as mycotoxins in bovine urine. The most appropriated sample preparation procedures involved sodium acetate buffer, enzymatic hydrolysis using β-glucuronidase and cleanup solid phase extraction with OASIS SPE cartridges. The parameters were satisfactorily validated fulfilling requirements under Regulation 2021/808/EC. Consequently, the method could be used in routine analysis of bovine urine samples for simultaneous detection of veterinary drug and pesticide residues as well as contaminants such as mycotoxins.

Extended trajectory of spatial memory errors in typical and atypical development: The role of binding and precision.

Spatial reconstruction, a method for evaluating how individuals remember the placement of objects, has traditionally been evaluated through the aggregate estimation of placement errors. However, this approach may obscure the nature of task errors. Specifically, recent data has suggested the importance of examining the precision of responses, as well as absolute performance on item-context bindings. In contrast to traditional analysis approaches based on the distance between the target and the reconstructed item, in this study we further explored three types of errors (swap error, global error, and local distance) that may all contribute to the distance, with particular emphasis on swap errors and local distance due to their associations with item-context bindings and memory precision, respectively. We examined these errors in children aged 3-18 years, making comparisons between children with typical development (TD) and children with Down syndrome (DS), a population with known memory challenges. As expected, older children outperformed younger children in terms of overall memory accuracy. Of importance is that we measured uneven maturational trajectories of memory abilities across the various error types. Specifically, both remembered locations (irrespective of object identity) and swap errors (object-location binding errors) align with the overall memory accuracy. Memory precision, as measured by local distance in simpler set size 2 trials, mirrored overall memory accuracy. However, for more complex set size 3 trials, local distance remained stable before age 8 and showed age-related change thereafter. The group with DS showed reduced precision compared to a TD matched group, and measures of precision, and to a lesser extent binding errors, correlated with standard neuropsychological outcomes. Overall, our study contributed to a fine-grained understanding of developing spatial memory ability in a large sample of typical developing children and a memory impaired population. These findings contribute to a growing body of research examining precision as a key factor in memory performance.

Automatic Clustering of Excited-State Trajectories: Application to Photoexcited Dynamics.

We introduce automatic clustering as a computationally efficient tool for classifying and interpreting trajectories from simulations of photo-excited dynamics. Trajectories are treated as time-series data, with the features for clustering selected by variance mapping of normalized data. The L2-norm and dynamic time warping are proposed as suitable similarity measures for calculating the distance matrices, and these are clustered using the unsupervised density-based DBSCAN algorithm. The silhouette coefficient and the number of trajectories classified as noise are used as quality measures for the clustering. The ability of clustering to provide rapid overview of large and complex trajectory data sets, and its utility for extracting chemical and physical insight, is demonstrated on trajectories corresponding to the photochemical ring-opening reaction of 1,3-cyclohexadiene, noting that the clustering can be used to generate reduced dimensionality representations in an unbiased manner.

Identifying Membrane Protein-Lipid Interactions with Lipidomic Lipid Exchange-Mass Spectrometry.

Lipids can play important roles in modulating membrane protein structure and function. However, it is challenging to identify natural lipids bound to membrane proteins in complex bilayers. Here, we developed lipidomic lipid exchange-mass spectrometry (LX-MS) to study the lipid affinity for membrane proteins on a lipidomic scale. We first mix membrane protein nanodiscs with empty nanodiscs that have no embedded membrane proteins. After allowing lipids to passively exchange between the two populations, we separate the two types of nanodiscs and perform lipidomic analysis on each with liquid chromatography and MS. Enrichment of lipids in the membrane protein nanodiscs reveals the affinity of individual lipids for binding the target membrane protein. We apply this approach to study three membrane proteins. With the Escherichia coli ammonium transporter AmtB and aquaporin AqpZ in nanodiscs with E. coli polar lipid extracts, we detected binding of cardiolipin and phosphatidyl-glycerol lipids to the proteins. With the acetylcholine receptor in nanodiscs with brain polar lipid extracts, we discovered a complex set of lipid interactions that depended on the head group and tail composition. Overall, lipidomic LX-MS provides a detailed understanding of the lipid-binding affinity and thermodynamics for membrane proteins in complex bilayers and provides a unique perspective on the chemical environment surrounding membrane proteins.

ROLE OF CHESS ACHIEVEMENTS IN A PRIMARY SCHOOLCHILD’S LEARNING PROCESS

The aim of the article is to identify the role of chess achievement in the learning process and in enhancing learning motivation. The research was conducted using a complex set of quantitative and qualitative methods. The research was carried out by methods of a structured questionnaire survey (122) and an expert interview (15).Success in chess motivates a child to study mainly mathematics, native and foreign languages, while the other subjects are somewhat outside the scope of children's interests. Due to victories, learners strive to be the first in their studies, in sports and in all activities. The impact of chess is a positive shift in academic achievement and a change in aspirations for learning subjects.Comparing the results of the study conducted with parents and experts, it becomes clear that both parents and experts stress the role and impact of chess education on a child's academic performance, highlighting the role of sports victories as a tool to stimulate and enhance educational motivation. Frequent victories in sports tournaments are an encouraging factor for pupils to achieve educational success through participation in a number of subject, Olympiads increasing a child's desire to be involved in educational process.

Adam Smith's moral foundations of self‐interest and ethical social order

AbstractThis article draws on textual evidence from The Theory of Moral Sentiments and The Wealth of Nations to address mistaken interpretations of Adam Smith's fundamental concept of self‐interest as greed that has been said to have had a corrosive influence on markets, commercial behaviour, and widening inequality. To the contrary, Smith's complex set of human motivations, including self‐interest, his economic system that is based on free markets, and institutional frameworks governing productive property rights and the rule of law are argued to increase aggregate wealth, improve the position of those least well off, and maintain ethical social order.

Contrasting memories and imaginaries of Lonquimay volcano, Chile

Lonquimay is ranked as the 12th most dangerous volcano in Chile. Several settlements are located within 20 km with a diverse mix of residents and livelihoods. Conservation areas and a growing tourist economy sit alongside Indigenous groups and farming. These residents have varied ways of knowing volcanoes and volcanic landscapes; this knowledge is generated through lived experience, memories, and collectively held imaginaries.This paper presents data collected from semi-structured interviews with community members living near Lonquimay volcano, primarily from two settlements: Malalcahuello and Lonquimay. The data was collected in two periods: shortly before and immediately after Lonquimay volcano's technical alert level was raised to yellow in March 2022. This was the first time its status had been raised to yellow since monitoring began in 2010.The results demonstrate a diversity of beliefs about and knowledges of Lonquimay, particularly between the two settlements, but also shared imaginaries and relationships with the volcano that are integrated within other elements of daily life and livelihoods. This complex set of perspectives and memory of the previous eruption (the erupción del cono Navidad starting December 25th, 1988) will likely have an effect on responses to future volcanic activity, including expectations of hazards that may shape reactions to early warnings, and the likelihood of evacuation. Thus, this case-study shows the importance of investigating geographical imaginaries and their constituent memories and knowledges. Such imaginaries influence the ways people know risk and understanding these has the potential to aid effective disaster risk reduction in the future.