INFLUENCE OF POPULATION EMPLOYMENT ON THE STABILIZATION OF THE SETTLEMENT SYSTEM OF TRANSCARPATIA IN THE POST-WAR PERIOD AND CURRENT PERSPECTIVES

Abstract

Displacement is the result of the influence of a complex set of factors, among which the leading place is occupied by the employment characteristics of the population region The purpose of the article is to reveal the features of resettlement in Transcarpathian region in the post- war period after the Second World War and its prospects at the present stage. The population is an object and subject of economic progress and its location depends significantly on the level of development and location of production. In general, Transcarpathia is a densely populated region. Density fluctuations are within 38.3 122.8 people/ km.. The settlement of people largely depends on the conditions of topographic zoning. A high population density is observed on the plain. The population density in mountainous areas is much lower. To a large extent, this is due to the special natural conditions of mountainous regions on the one hand and the development of industrial enterprises based on local resources in lowland settlements on the other. The mountain zone has the potential for resettlement, provided the economic base is strengthened and the remote employment of the population is organized. In Transcarpathia, after the Second World War, an increase in natural growth was observed in connection with an increase in the birth rate and a decrease in mortality. However, starting in the second half of the 20th century. The decline in the birth rate was due to the increased level of employment among women. The closeness of the borders and the strengthening of the migration processes of able-bodied people caused a decrease in the specific weight of the able-bodied population and a decrease in its absolute number. At the same time, the reproduction of the region's population was characterized by a gradual decrease in the specific weight of children and adolescents. The period of the 1970s– 1980s was characterized by the creation of a significant number of places of employment in cities. In that period, the growth of places of employment significantly outstripped the growth of labour resources. This led to the development of labour relations between settlements and the growth of pendulum migration, which contributed to the formation of urbanized zones and local settlement systems. Further improvement of the resettlement system in Transcarpathia will contribute to the development of the social, engineering and transport infrastructure of settlements; formation and expansion of labour application points, creation of conditions for development, promotion of increasing the level of urbanization in the settlement system. In the post-war period, stabilization of the resettlement system should be subject to the principle of improving existing settlements. Rational territorial organization of production facilities will make it possible to organize settlements overloaded by natural displacement of people.