Recording Sessions Research Articles

Reducing training requirements through evolutionary based dimension reduction and subject transfer

Training Brain Computer Interface (BCI) systems to understand the intention of a subject through Electroencephalogram (EEG) data currently requires multiple training sessions with a subject in order to develop the necessary expertise to distinguish signals for different tasks. Conventionally the task of training the subject is done by introducing a training and calibration stage during which some feedback is presented to the subject. This training session can take several hours which is not appropriate for on-line EEG-based BCI systems. An alternative approach is to use previous recording sessions of the same person or some other subjects that performed the same tasks (subject transfer) for training the classifiers. The main aim of this study is to generate a methodology that allows the use of data from other subjects while reducing the dimensions of the data. The study investigates several possibilities for reducing the necessary training and calibration period in subjects and the classifiers and addresses the impact of i) evolutionary subject transfer and ii) adapting previously trained methods (retraining) using other subjects data. Our results suggest reduction to 40% of target subject data is sufficient for training the classifier. Our results also indicate the superiority of the approaches that incorporated evolutionary subject transfer and highlights the feasibility of adapting a system trained on other subjects.

Frontal Lobe Hemodynamic Responses to Painful Stimulation: A Potential Brain Marker of Nociception.

The purpose of this study was to use functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to examine patterns of both activation and deactivation that occur in the frontal lobe in response to noxious stimuli. The frontal lobe was selected because it has been shown to be activated by noxious stimuli in functional magnetic resonance imaging studies. The brain region is located behind the forehead which is devoid of hair, providing a relative ease of placement for fNIRS probes on this area of the head. Based on functional magnetic resonance imaging studies showing blood-oxygenation-level dependent changes in the frontal lobes, we evaluated functional near-infrared spectroscopy measures in response to two levels of electrical pain in awake, healthy human subjects (n = 10; male = 10). Each subject underwent two recording sessions separated by a 30-minute resting period. Data collected from 7 subjects were analyzed, containing a total of 38/36 low/high intensity pain stimuli for the first recording session and 27/31 pain stimuli for the second session. Our results show that there is a robust and significant deactivation in sections of the frontal cortices. Further development and definition of the specificity and sensitivity of the approach may provide an objective measure of nociceptive activity in the brain that can be easily applied in the surgical setting.

Underwater noise in an impacted environment can affect Guiana dolphin communication

This study focused on whistles produced by Guiana dolphin under different noise conditions in Guanabara Bay, southeastern Brazil. Recording sessions were performed with a fully calibrated recording system. Whistles and underwater noise levels registered during two behavioral states were compared separately between two areas. Noise levels differed between the two areas across all frequencies. Whistle duration differed between areas and was negatively correlated with noise levels. Whistling rate was positively correlated with noise levels, showing that whistling rate was higher in noisier conditions. Results demonstrated that underwater noise influenced Guiana dolphin acoustic behavior.

I-vector analysis for Gait-based Person Identification using smartphone inertial signals

This paper describes and evaluates an i-vector based approach for Gait-based Person Identification (GPI) using inertial signals from a smartphone. This approach includes two variability compensation strategies (Linear Discrimination Analysis (LDA) and Probabilistic LDA) for dealing with the gait variability due to different recording sessions or different activities carried out by the user. This study uses a public available dataset that includes recordings from 30 users performing three different activities: walking, walking-upstairs and walking-downstairs.The i-vector approach is compared to a Gaussian Mixture Model-Universal Background Model (GMM-UBM) system, providing significant performance improvements when incorporating the PLDA compensation strategy: the best result reports a User Recognition Error Rate (URER) of 17.7%, an Equal Error Rate (EER) of 6.1% and an F1-score of 82.7% with 30 enrolled users. For less than six enrolled users, the URER error decreases to 5%.

Alfaxalone Anaesthesia Facilitates Electrophysiological Recordings of Nociceptive Withdrawal Reflexes in Dogs (Canis familiaris).

Naturally occurring canine osteoarthritis represents a welfare issue for affected dogs (Canis familiaris), but is also considered very similar to human osteoarthritis and has therefore been proposed as a model of disease in humans. Central sensitisation is recognized in human osteoarthritis sufferers but identification in dogs is challenging. Electromyographic measurement of responses to nociceptive stimulation represents a potential means of investigating alterations in central nociceptive processing, and has been evaluated in conscious experimental dogs, but is likely to be aversive. Development of a suitable anaesthetic protocol in experimental dogs, which facilitated electrophysiological nociceptive withdrawal reflex assessment, may increase the acceptability of using the technique in owned dogs with naturally occurring osteoarthritis. Seven purpose bred male hound dogs underwent electromyographic recording sessions in each of three states: acepromazine sedation, alfaxalone sedation, and alfaxalone anaesthesia. Electromyographic responses to escalating mechanical and electrical, and repeated electrical, stimuli were recorded. Subsequently the integral of both early and late rectified responses was calculated. Natural logarithms of the integral values were analysed within and between the three states using multi level modeling. Alfaxalone increased nociceptive thresholds and decreased the magnitude of recorded responses, but characteristics of increasing responses with increasing stimulus magnitude were preserved. Behavioural signs of anxiety were noted in two out of seven dogs during recordings in the acepromazine sedated state. There were few significant differences in response magnitude or nociceptive threshold between the two alfaxalone states. Following acepromazine premedication, induction of anaesthesia with 1–2 mg kg-1 alfaxalone, followed by a continuous rate infusion in the range 0.075–0.1 mg kg-1 min-1 produced suitable conditions to enable assessment of spinal nociceptive processing in dogs, without subjecting them to potentially aversive experiences. This methodology may be appropriate for obtaining electrophysiological nociceptive withdrawal reflex data in client-owned dogs with naturally occurring osteoarthritis.

Facilitating social work role plays in online courses: The use of video conferencing

Role plays have served an instrumental role in social work education by providing opportunities for students to acquire interaction skills. This project tested various online video conferencing tools to facilitate role plays for students who live in different locations and who are unable to be at the same place at the same time. Key features of the technology included the ability to facilitate real-time interaction, compatibility with laptops and Wi-Fi connections, and the ability to record sessions for later viewing and feedback. Method: Case study design. Results: Students were able to use the videoconferencing software with minimal support. Video quality was not always ideal with contributing factors being the time of day students used the software. There were no distinguishable time and effort demands associated with the online video conferencing compared to classroom role plays. Some students found use of the technology caused them to feel disconnected from their peers compared to face-to-face encounters, while other students found the encounter more intimate in that the pressure to perform in front of others was not felt. Implications: Video conferencing is a promising tool to facilitate social work role plays. Future research needs to assess the acquisition of specific skills compared to traditional classroom students.

Pharmacological inhibition of infralimbic prefrontal cortex abolishes sniffing behavior and respiratory response to stress

IntroductionRespiration is a highly sensitive index of autonomic activation during stress. We have recently investigated the roles of the amygdala, the hypothalamus and the periaqueductal gray in the production of respiratory responses to brief and prolonged stressors in rats. In the current study we extend this investigation to the infralimbic prefrontal cortex (ilPFC). Out of all tested regions in the prefrontal cortex, stimulation of ilPFC evokes the greatest respiratory response in anesthetized rats (Hassan et al., 2013, J Physiol, 6069).MethodsRats (n=8) were implanted with bilateral guide cannulas targeting the ilPFC. On separate days, in a counter‐balanced design they were subjected to respiratory recording (plethysmography) sessions consisting of acclimatization/novelty stress, presentation of acoustic stimuli, presentation of light stimulus and restraint. Each animal completed the session twice – once after saline and once after muscimol (2nmol/200nl/side) microinjection.ResultsSubmission to novelty and restraint stress elevated basal respiratory rate, which gradually declined as the stress progressed. Inhibition of the ilPFC almost completely abolished this response (p < .043 for novelty; p < .047 for restraint). Additionally, ilPFC blockade almost completely abolished incidence of high‐frequency respiratory rate during both novelty and restraint stresses. Presentation of acoustic stimuli evoked transient changes in respiratory rate in an intensity‐dependent manner; these responses were significantly inhibited by ilPFC inactivation (all p < .043). Lastly, presentation of the light stimulus evoked exploratory behavior and sniffing in animals; while light stimulus after ilPFC inactivation evoked exploratory behavior without any sniffing (p = .002 for the difference in respiratory rate between muscimol and saline trials).ConclusionsThe effects of inactivation of ilPFC were almost identical to inactivation of the dorsomedial hypothalamic/perifornical area in our previous study (Bondarenko et al, 2015, AJP: Regu, 308, R816), suggesting that it is one of the major structures of the forebrain respiratory stress axis. ilPFC has extensive connections with other regions to perform this role: It receives input from the orbital prefrontal cortex, which integrates sensory information of different modalities. The efferent connections of the ilPFC include the hypothalamus, the amygdala, the periaqueductal gray and the nucleus of the solitary tract. Additionally, the ilPFC and the dorsally located prelimbic prefrontal cortex have been implicated in central cardiovascular control during stress (Resstel and Correa, 2006, Auton Neurosci, 126, 130). Our study therefore suggests that the ilPFC is one of the major components of the respiratory stress network. Its integrity is essential for stress‐induced increase in basal respiratory rate as well as for any transient respiratory arousal/sniffing.Support or Funding InformationThis study was supported by the National Heart Foundation of Australia

Comparison of the effect of Physical stressor and Mental stressor in evaluation of the effect of progressive muscle relaxation on the cardiovascular autonomic functions in offsprings of hypertensives

Background and Objective: Progressive muscle relaxation is one of the techniques found to be effective in reducing the hyperacivity of the sympathetic nervous system in susceptible individuals. Many studies have used physical and mental stressors to evaluate the effect of relaxation techniques leading to different results. Hence the present study compared the effect of two laboratory stressors in the evaluation of effect of relaxation techniques. Materials and Methods: The study involved normotensive offspring of hypertensives who were participants of relaxation training programme at Bengaluru. They were divided into group A and group B with 20 subjects in each group by randomization. There were two recording sessions for each subject in each group. During the first recording session HR, HRV and BP responses to mental stress (serial subtraction math) were measured in all the subjects in group A, whereas in group B, HR, HRV and BP responses to physical stress (isometric handgrip test) were measured. Then both the groups underwent twelve weeks of relaxation training under the guidance of experts. At the end of twelve weeks, second recording session was held and the same parameters were reassessed in all the subjects with respective stressors. Results: In group A, relaxation training has caused significant decline in heart rate reactivity, reactivity values of total power, LF power, reactivity as well as recovery of diastolic pressure. No significant change was seen in LFnu, HF, HFnu, LF/HF and systolic blood pressure. In group B, no significant change was observed in any of the measured parameters. Conclusion: Hence the study concludes that mental stressor is the suitable tool for assessing the effect of relaxation techniques on the cardiovascular autonomic activity. Keywords: Mental stressor, Physical stressor, Progressive muscle relaxation, Heart rate, Heart rate variability, Blood pressure, Reactivity, Recovery

The system precision measurement of the video eye tracker and the impact of different infrared intensities on it

Background EyeLink 2000 high speed video eye tracker has been used in ophthalmology to evaluate the ocular movement ability.Its systemic precision depends on the performance of the eye tracker, and it is also an essential parameter for the evaluation of the data quality.Therefore, the impact of infrared intensity should be illustrated. Objective This study was to assess the systemic precision of the video eye tracker and evaluate the impact of infrared intensity on the result. Methods The EyeLink 2000 high speed video eye tracker and a pair of artificial eyes were used in this study.Firstly the artificial eyes were fixed to the corresponding position as the real human eyes.Each session of recording was undertaken under the different infrared intensities (100%, 75% and 50%). The sampling frequency of binocular recording was set as 1 000 Hz.Each session was sequentially recorded for 60 seconds.The systemic precision was calculated as the root mean square (RMS) of angular distances between successive data points.The RMS values under the different infrared intensities were compared. Results The highest RMS values were (0.005 01±0.000 20)° under the 100% infrared intensity.As the decline of infrared intensities, RMS values were gradually raised, showing a significant difference among different infrared intensity groups (F=3 791.447, P<0.01). The differences were also significant between different groups (all at P<0.05). Conclusions EyeLink 2 000 video eye tracker has good system precision.The infrared intensity influence the system precision of the video eye tracker. Key words: Eye movements/diagnosis; Infrared rays; Visual perception/physiology; Artificial eyes; Video eye tracker/method

Can sliding-window correlations reveal dynamic functional connectivity in resting-state fMRI?

During the last several years, the focus of research on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has shifted from the analysis of functional connectivity averaged over the duration of scanning sessions to the analysis of changes of functional connectivity within sessions. Although several studies have reported the presence of dynamic functional connectivity (dFC), statistical assessment of the results is not always carried out in a sound way and, in some studies, is even omitted. In this study, we explain why appropriate statistical tests are needed to detect dFC, we describe how they can be carried out and how to assess the performance of dFC measures, and we illustrate the methodology using spontaneous blood-oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) fMRI recordings of macaque monkeys under general anesthesia and in human subjects under resting-state conditions. We mainly focus on sliding-window correlations since these are most widely used in assessing dFC, but also consider a recently proposed non-linear measure. The simulations and methodology, however, are general and can be applied to any measure. The results are twofold. First, through simulations, we show that in typical resting-state sessions of 10min, it is almost impossible to detect dFC using sliding-window correlations. This prediction is validated by both the macaque and the human data: in none of the individual recording sessions was evidence for dFC found. Second, detection power can be considerably increased by session- or subject-averaging of the measures. In doing so, we found that most of the functional connections are in fact dynamic. With this study, we hope to raise awareness of the statistical pitfalls in the assessment of dFC and how they can be avoided by using appropriate statistical methods.

Simulation on neonatal stabilization and transport

Legal problems are more numbered even in Neonatology. Hospital policy should establish strategies to limit systematic, environmental and human errors, including solutions to optimize organization and increase knowledge [1].Staff retraining by means of simulation could be a precious instrument. Simulation works through mechanisms that are proper of our brain for decision-making (i.e. simulated mind) [2]. The capacity of evaluating a situation earlier than it happens and so planning possible actions is the so called anticipatory simulation [3]. Physiological basis of simulation effectiveness are deeply related to mirror neurons [4]. Simulation emphasizes the so called “deutero-learning”, i.e. the context in which (proto-)learning processes occur: at the same time people are learning simple concepts, and also learning something about the world and about how things occur [5]. In sum, simulation maximises learning through the extraction of implicit rules, and putting specific bits of basic experiences in context to generalise them. The aim of this lecture is to focus on methods of simulation on neonatal stabilization and transport (more than on medical procedures themselves). Simulation retraining for medical (or nurse) staff should be based on the andragogic approach: adults are conscious of their own educational needs and focus their own attention on specific interests (related to daily practice) [6]. This methodological approach needs that teachers behave as peers towards learners, with empathy and a collaborative attitude. A precious additive methodological element is fun: the serious medical game is the approach to optimize technical memories trough emotions [5]. In our experience, materials for simulation are daily clinical devices and innovative stuff developed by a multidisciplinary collaboration [7];we discuss published guidelines (e.g. STABLE Program) and participants’ experiences. As regards neonatal stabilization and transport, we perform: i) annual retraining sessions for all the operators in our Unit, ii) low and medium fidelity simulation sessions for nearby hospitals, iii) high fidelity sessions for colleagues working at geographically uncomfortable hospitals (i.e. island) and so needing for transport by helicopter, as a kind of “full scale CRM (Crisis Resources Management)”. In our opinion the traditional approach to teaching is inadequate for retraining of adult professionals. We propose simulation as the method to deepen knowledge, strengthen abilities and so optimize performances. Recording sessions and analysing them to discuss behaviours is a main instruments for debriefing. Every kind of support (e.g. e-learning platforms, papery stuff, pocket memory materials, etc) is admitted and should be creatively promoted.

A eficácia do Snoezelen na redução das estereotipias em adultos com deficiência intelectual: um estudo de caso da intervenção da terapia ocupacional em salas de estimulação multissensorial

&lt;p&gt;Existem escassas evidências sobre a eficácia da intervenção em salas de Snoezelen na redução de estereotipias em adultos com deficiência intelectual. Neste sentido, o presente estudo pretendeu avaliar a relação entre esta estimulação multissensorial e a redução de estereotipias em adultos com deficiência intelectual. Por meio da metodologia de estudo de caso, analisou-se o comportamento de um sujeito antes, durante e após estimulação multissensorial em salas de Snoezelen, durante dez sessões bissemanais, com a duração de 1h30. A recolha de dados foi concretizada por entrevista semiestruturada aos cuidadores formais do sujeito e da observação direta participante e não participante com registo audiovisual das sessões. Após a análise dos dados, com a utilização do software WebQDA, foi possível concluir que a estimulação multissensorial em sala de Snoezelen contribuiu para a redução das estereotipias no sujeito em estudo, durante a sua realização como imediatamente após, num contexto distinto. Outra evidência do presente estudo sugere que existe uma redução da frequência de estereotipias a médio prazo bem como o aumento da interação e comunicação do sujeito com o terapeuta.&lt;/p&gt;

Biometric verification with eye movements: results from a long‐term recording series

The authors present the author's results of using saccadic eye movements for biometric user verification. The method can be applied to computers or other devices, in which it is possible to include an eye movement camera system. Thus far, this idea has been little researched. As they have extensively studied eye movement signals for medical applications, they saw an opportunity for the biometric use of saccades. Saccades are the fastest of all eye movements, and are easy to stimulate and detect from signals. As signals measured from a physiological origin, the properties of eye movements (e.g. latency and maximum angular velocity) may contain considerable variability between different times of day, between days or weeks and so on. Since such variability might impair biometric verification based on saccades, they attempted to tackle this issue. In contrast to their earlier results, where they did not include such long intervals between sessions of eye movement recordings as in the present research, their results showed that – notwithstanding some variability present in saccadic variables – this variability was not considerable enough to essentially disturb or impair verification results. The only exception was a test series of very long intervals ∼16 or 32 months in length. For the best results obtained with various classification methods, false rejection and false acceptance rates were <5%. Thus, they conclude that saccadic eye movements can provide a realistic basis for biometric user verification.

Improving Steady State Visual Evoked Potentials Responses from LED Stimuli Through Orientation Analysis

This article focuses on different orientations of LED visual stimulus configurations which could be used to elicit Steady State Visual Evoked Potentials (SSVEP). SSVEP is extensively used in the research for various biomedical applications and require a configurable light source flickering at a constant frequency that would induce responses in corresponding frequencies in the EEG recorded over the visual cortex area of the scalp. The present study investigated the SSVEP amplitude dependence of horizontal and vertical LED visual stimulus orientations. SSVEP amplitudes were compared for five healthy subjects from five sessions of 30 seconds each and the recorded EEG signals were analysed. Individual recording sessions were carried out with horizontal and vertical orientation with 10 Hz visual stimulus for analysing the SSVEP responses and also to evaluate the viewing comfort in each orientation. The signals were processed with band-pass filtering and analysed with Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and autoregressive spectral analysis. The sign rank statistical results showed horizontal visual stimulus gave the higher response and viewing comfort in all subjects in comparison to vertical orientation.

Temporal dynamics of host-landing rate in mosquitoes attacking the imitation of a host

The rates of mosquito landing on a host-imitating device were measured. The device contained an electric heater to imitate the presence of a warm-blooded animal, a gauze screen impregnated with meat juice, a microphone with an amplifier to record the sounds of mosquito landings and take-offs, and a light meter to record the ambient illumination. In addition, the behavior of mosquitoes near the device was studied by video recording. All the experiments were conducted in the first half of June in evening and morning hours in mixed spruce-birch forests of Moscow region. Audio recordings were digitally analyzed to estimate the landing rates. Significant (more than 50% of the average) quasi-periodic fluctuations of the mosquito landing rate were revealed. The peaks of mosquito activity alternated with drops with an average period of 30 min (20–50 min in different recording sessions). These fluctuations were recorded in calm weather during a gradual change in illumination. Experiments with two similar devices positioned 20 m apart showed that fluctuations of mosquito activity developed independently at each site. The fluctuations in the mosquito landing rate seem to be largely determined by endogenous factors: mosquito females, failing to obtain blood from the host-imitating device, lost interest in it and landed to rest on the nearby vegetation. After 20–50 min, the memory trace of the previous experience gradually faded, and mosquitoes returned to the attracting device thus starting the next peak of activity.

Psychophysiological classification and experiment study for spontaneous EEG based on two novel mental tasks.

Study of imagination offers a perfect setting for study of a large variety of states of consciousness. Here, we studied the characteristics of two electroencephalographic (EEG) patterns evoked by two different imaginary tasks and evaluated the binary classification performance. Fifteen individuals (11 male and 4 female, age range of 22 to 33) participated in five sessions of 32-channel EEG recordings. Only by analyzing the subjects' output EEG signals from the central parieto-occipital region of PZ electrode, under the circumstances of consciousness of relaxation-meditation or tension-imagination, we carried out the experiment of feature extraction for spontaneous EEG, as the subjects were blindfolded but asked to open their eyes all the same. The Hilbert-Huang Transform (HHT) was utilized to obtain the Hilbert time-frequency amplitude spectrum, and then with the feature vector set extracted, a two-class Fisher linear discriminant analysis classifier was trained for classification of data epochs of those two tasks. The overall result was that about 90% (± 5%) of the epochs could be correctly classified to their originating task. This study not only brings new opportunities for consciousness studies, but also provides a new classification paradigm for achieving control of robots based on the brain-computer interface (BCI).

The impact of trait worry and emotion regulation on heart rate variability

AbstractHigh anxiety and poor emotion regulation have been found to function as independent causes of stress to the autonomic nervous system. The aim of this study was to further explore how these factors may interact to control heart rate variability. Fifty college students took part in a three-part cardiac recording session followed by questionnaires on trait worry and emotion regulation. An interaction for trait worry and emotion reappraisal was found on two markers of heart rate variability. Low trait worriers with high emotion reappraisal had higher vagal tone than the other three groups. This finding was across all three phases with no specific reactivity or recovery difference. Emotion suppression was not found to significantly impact vagal tone. The negative impacts of trait worry and emotion regulation on heart rate variability were found in this sample of healthy college-aged individuals. Specifically, high trait worry could have a deleterious effect on parasympathetic control of the heart. Emot...

Towards Zero Retraining for Myoelectric Control Based on Common Model Component Analysis.

In spite of several decades of intense research and development, the existing algorithms of myoelectric pattern recognition (MPR) are yet to satisfy the criteria that a practical upper extremity prostheses should fulfill. This study focuses on the criterion of the short, or even zero subject training. Due to the inherent nonstationarity in surface electromyography (sEMG) signals, current myoelectric control algorithms usually need to be retrained daily during a multiple days' usage. This study was conducted based on the hypothesis that there exist some invariant characteristics in the sEMG signals when a subject performs the same motion in different days. Therefore, given a set of classifiers (models) trained on several days, it is possible to find common characteristics among them. To this end, we proposed to use common model component analysis (CMCA) framework, in which an optimized projection was found to minimize the dissimilarity among multiple models of linear discriminant analysis (LDA) trained using data from different days. Five intact-limbed subjects and two transradial amputee subjects participated in an experiment including six sessions of sEMG data recording, which were performed in six different days, to simulate the application of MPR over multiple days. The results demonstrate that CMCA has a significant better generalization ability with unseen data (not included in the training data), leading to classification accuracy improvement and increase of completion rate in a motion test simulation, when comparing with the baseline reference method. The results indicate that CMCA holds a great potential in the effort of developing zero retraining of MPR.

Data Mining applied to Forensic Speaker Identification

In this paper we analyze the advantages of using data mining techniques and tools for data fusion in forensic speaker recognition. Segmental and suprasegmental features were employed in 28 different classifiers, in order to compare their performances. The selected classifiers have different learning techniques: lazy or instance-based, eager and ensemble. Two approaches were employed on the classification task: the use of all features and the use of a feature subset, selected with a gain ratio methodology. The best performances, with all features, were obtained by three classifiers: Logistic Model Tree (eager), LogitBoost (ensemble) and Multilayer Perceptron (eager). Support Vector Machine (eager) proved to be a good classifier if a Pearson VII function-based universal kernel was used. When low dimensional features were selected, ensemble classifiers exceeded the performance of all others classifiers. Segmental and tone features demonstrated the best speaker discrimination capabilities, followed by duration and quality voice features. Evaluation was performed on Argentine-Spanish voice samples from the Speech_Dat database recorded on a fixed telephone environment. Different recording sessions and channels for the test segments were added and the Z-norm procedure was applied for channel compensation.

Effects of task repetition on event-related potentials in somatosensory Go/No-go paradigm

We investigated the effects of task repetition on the N140 and P300 components of event-related potentials (ERPs) in somatosensory Go/No-go paradigms. A Go or No-go stimulus was presented to the second or fifth digit of the left hand, respectively, at the same probability, and subjects had to respond by pushing a button with their right thumb as quickly as possible only after the presentation of a Go stimulus. The condition comprised seven sessions of recordings, and subjects were allowed to relax for five minutes after one session. The behavioral data for the reaction time (RT), standard deviation of RT, and error rates showed the absence of an effect by task repetition. In ERP waveforms, the amplitudes of N140 and P300 decreased with task repetition, and the latency of P300 was delayed by task repetition. There was no significant effect of task repetition on the peak latency of N140.Changes in amplitude and latency values in N140 and P300 during Go/No-go paradigms reflected changes in the neural activation of response execution and inhibition processing with task repetition.