Sesamum Indicum Seeds Research Articles

A novel method for producing a foodstuff from defatted black sesame seed that inhibits allergen absorption.

A method is proposed to produce a foodstuff that inhibits allergen absorption through the intestinal tract. Defatted black sesame (Sesamum indicum) seeds as a starting material were hydrolyzed with a crude preparation of trypsin at 40 degrees C and pH 8 for 3 hrs while gently stirring to generate an active peptide. The resulting hydrolysate was heated to inactivate the trypsin and make the active components soluble. An extract was obtained by centrifugation and then freeze-dried. Ser-Asn-Ala-Leu-Val-Ser-Pro-Asp-Trp-Ser-Met-Thr-Gly-His (compound 1) as an active peptide, and sesamino1 2'-O-beta-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-O-[beta-glucopyranosyl(1-->6)]-O-beta-glucopyranoside (compound 2) and sesamino1 2'-O-beta-glucopyranosyl (1-->2)-O-beta-glucopyranoside (compound 3) were identified as active lignan glycosides in an in vitro model by using Caco-2 cells. Compound 1 was active at 10(-7) M and compounds 2 and 3 at 10(-5) M.

Phoma nebulosa . [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria

Abstract A description is provided for Phoma nebulosa . Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Generally considered a common soil-borne saprobe. It is often isolated from roots and rhizosphere soil such as reported in a study on soil sickness from a Citrus orchard (65, 4936). Also reported from seeds of Sesamum indicum (62, 1147; 68, 4885), as a post-harvest pathogen of Ziziphus mauritiana (73, 7307) and as causing disease of Spinacea oleracea (74, 5004). HOSTS: Plurivorous. On and from Abelmoschus, Acalypha, Acer negundo, Allium cepa, Althaea rosea, Amaranthus, Anarcardium, Arabis, Arachis, Arceuthobium, Artemisia, Bambusa, Begonia, Beta, Borassus, Brassica, Camellia, Cannabis sativa, Capsicum, Carica, Chamaecyparis, Chrysanthemum, Cicer, Citrullus, Citrus, Clematis, Cordyline, Conium, Cotoneaster, Daucus, Dianthus, Dracaena, Durio, Eschscholzia, Eucalyptus, Eugenia, Eutrema, Fragaria, Galium, Glichenia, Glycine, Gmelina, Gossypium, Helianthus, Hibiscus, Humulus, Impatiens, Lagenaria, Lamium sp., Limonium, Magnolia, Mercurialis perennis, Momordica, Murraya, Onobrychis viciifolia, Opuntia, Paeonia sp. (BOEREMA et al. , 1996), Pastinaca, Persea, Petroselinum sativa, Philodendron, Phoenix, Phlox, Pinus, Populus, Rubus, Sarcolobus, Scrophularia, Sesamum indicum, Solanum, Spinacea oleracea, Tectona, Thalictrum, Theobroma, Thymus, Trichosanthes, Triticum, Urena, Urtica dioica (on which it is very common, fide BOEREMA, 1976), Wasabia and Ziziphus mauritiana . Also from soil, plant litter, rotten fruit and vegetables, water, air, dog hair, sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and human sources. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread. AFRICA: Egypt, Nigeria, Senegal. NORTH AMERICA: Canada, USA. CENTRAL AMERICA: Honduras, Jamaica, Trinidad & Tobago, West Indies. SOUTH AMERICA: Brazil. ANTARCTICA. ASIA: Burma, India, Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Thailand. AUSTRALASIA: Australia, New Zealand. EUROPE: Austria, Belgium, Germany, Great Britain, Netherlands. TRANSMISSION: Soil-borne, but little else is known of other possible vectors.

Temperature-dependent germination and endo-beta -mannanase activity in sesame seeds

The effects of temperature on germination and endo-beta-mannanase activity in seeds of Sesamum indicum was investigated. The minimum germination temperature (Tmin) lies between 12.8°C and 13.2°C while the maximum temperature (Tmax) is located between 45.5°C and 46°C. Germinabilities are statistically not different from estimated viability (88%) between 18.8°C and 43.2°C. The Mann-Whitney test indicated the interval 31.9°C to 35.1°C as the optimum temperature (Topt) range for germination rate. When seeds incubated at temperatures at or below the Tmin and close to or above the Tmax were transferred to 30°C, those incubated at lower temperatures achieved high germinability. On the other hand, the higher the pre-incubation temperature above Tmax, the lower the germinability achieved near Topt. Seed endosperm cell wall was found to contain mannose as the main monosaccharide. An increase in endo-beta-mannanase activity in the micropylar endosperm prior to seed germination was observed only at supra-optimum temperature.

Furanofuran lignan metabolism as a function of seed maturation in sesamum indicum: methylenedioxy bridge formation

Sesamum indicum seeds accumulate the antioxidant lignans, (+)-sesamin and (+)-sesamolin. It was established that seeds of 8-week old S. indicum plants catalyzed distinct lignan transformations (methylenedioxy bridge formation in piperitol and sesamin, as well as oxygen insertion in sesamolin) depending upon the stage of seed maturity, i.e. lignan formation was developmentally regulated. The most mature seeds at the eight week developmental stage efficiently converted (+)-[3,3′-O14CH3] pinoresinol into (+)-piperitol and (+)-sesamin, whereas younger seeds had a higher conversion into (+)-sesamolin; the corresponding (−)-[3,3′-O14CH3] pinoresinol antipode was not metabolized. Microsomal preparations obtained from S. indicum seeds catalyzed methylenedioxy bridge formation via an O2\\NADPH\\cytochrome P-450 dependent transformation of (+)-pinoresinol into (+)-piperitol. Preliminary characterization of the enzyme established its cytochrome P-450 dependence.

Biosynthesis of antioxidant lignans in Sesamum indicum seeds

Sesame lignans, whose biosynthetic pathway is the subject of this study, have well-established antioxidant and health protecting properties. Using a combination of radio- and stable-isotopically labelled precursor administration experiments, it was demonstrated that E-coniferyl alcohol undergoes stereoselective coupling to afford (+)-pinoresinol in Sesamum indicum seeds. Only this enantiomer, and not its (−)-antipode, is metabolized further in maturing seeds to afford (+)-piperitol, (+)-sesamin, and (+)-sesamolin. Introduction of the methylene dioxy bridges occurs sequentially with piperitol first being formed, this being subsequently modified to afford sesamin.

NMR assignments of two furofuran lignans from sesame seeds

Two furofuran lignans, sesamolin and sesangolin were isolated from the seeds ofSesamum indicum andS. angolense, respectively. Detailed analysis of the1H- and13C-NMR spectra of these lignans was carried out by the application of two-dimensional1H-1H COSY and1H-13C multiple-bond, multiple-quantum spectroscopic correlation techniques.

Phytogrowth-inhibitory activities of 2-thiophenecarboxylic acid and its related compounds.

2-Thiophenecarboxylic acid (I) exhibited growth-inhibitory activity in five kinds of plants. In particular, I strongly inhibited the growth of the roots of Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolia LAM and Echinochloa utilis OHWI et YABUNO, even at the low concentration of 5.0 x 10(-3) M. Furthermore, all of the I-related compounds (II-V and VII-X) except for VI, showed more or less obvious inhibitory activity on the seeds of Sesamum indicum L. Compounds VII-X, in which the carboxyl group of I was replaced by acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and acrylic acid, and exhibited more potent phytogrowth-inhibitory activity than I. Among these compounds, 2-thiophenebutyric acid (IX) showed the strongest activity. Esterification of the carboxyl group in I increased the inhibitory activity relative to that of I, while amidation and reduction of this group markedly decreased its inhibitory activity. The radicles of the plants treated with each of the compounds except for VI showed negative geotropism, even though germination occurred.

Presence of acetylcholine-like substance(s) inSesamum indicum

Alcoholic extract of seeds ofSesamum indicum (SI, 1–30 mg/kg) caused hypotensive action in anesthetized rats. Heart rate was also decreased at slightly higher doses (10–30 mg/kg). Pretreatment with atropine (2 mg/kg) abolished these cardiovascular responses. In isolated spontaneously beating atria from guinea-pigs, SI caused decrease in force and rate of atrial contractions. In isolated guinea-pig ileum and rat uterus, SI (100–1000 ug/ml) produced contractile responses. All these actions of SI were abolished in the presence of atropine (1 μM). These results indicate that alcoholic extract of seeds ofSesamum indicum contains acetylcholine-like constituents(s) which explains some of the folkloric uses of plant.

Sesamum indicum and Papaver somniferum Oils

AbstractThe physico‐chemical properties of oils, extracted from seeds of Sesamum indicum and Papaver somniferum were determined. The fatty acid composition of these oils was obtained by gas chromatography.

Planteose Synthesis in Seeds of Sesamum indicum L.

An enzyme, UDP-galactose : sucrose 6fru-α-galactosyltransferase, which synthesizes planteose (6fru-α-galactosylsucrose), has been purified 55-fold from seeds of Sesamum indicum L. (Pedaliaceae) using ammonium sulfate and protamine sulfate precipitation. The partially purified enzyme fraction showed only very low α-galactosidase and β-fructosidase activity but significant UDP-glucose 4-epimerase, phosphodiesterase, phosphatase and sucrose synthase activity which interfere with planteose synthesis. UDP-glucose 4-epimerase activity could be inhibited by about 50% by the addition of 10 mmol/l Mn2+, whereas phosphodiesterase activity could not be reduced by the addition of ATP, NAD or UDP-glucose, potentially alternative substrates for UDP-galactose. The optimal activity of the planteose synthesizing enzyme was obtained at pH 6.2. The enzyme was stable for at least six months at -20°C. It did not need sulfhydryl reagents for full activity. The enzyme displayed a high specificity for UDP-galactose (Km 0.2–0.5 mmol/l), the galactosyl donor, and for sucrose (Km 3.6–6.0 mmol/l), the acceptor. 5′-UMP was inhibitory, while galactose 1-phosphate, glucose l-phosphate and UDP-glucose did not affect the enzyme activity.

Oligosaccharides in the seeds of Sesamum indicum L

Sesamum seed trisaccharide was isolated and identified as planteose. The tetrasaccharide fraction obtained from the same plant material was most likely a mixture of lychnose and a new isomer of it, for which the name “Sesamose” is proposed. Experimental results are discussed in relation to the nature of the higher oligosaccharides of the material.