Abstract
Abstract A description is provided for Phoma nebulosa . Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Generally considered a common soil-borne saprobe. It is often isolated from roots and rhizosphere soil such as reported in a study on soil sickness from a Citrus orchard (65, 4936). Also reported from seeds of Sesamum indicum (62, 1147; 68, 4885), as a post-harvest pathogen of Ziziphus mauritiana (73, 7307) and as causing disease of Spinacea oleracea (74, 5004). HOSTS: Plurivorous. On and from Abelmoschus, Acalypha, Acer negundo, Allium cepa, Althaea rosea, Amaranthus, Anarcardium, Arabis, Arachis, Arceuthobium, Artemisia, Bambusa, Begonia, Beta, Borassus, Brassica, Camellia, Cannabis sativa, Capsicum, Carica, Chamaecyparis, Chrysanthemum, Cicer, Citrullus, Citrus, Clematis, Cordyline, Conium, Cotoneaster, Daucus, Dianthus, Dracaena, Durio, Eschscholzia, Eucalyptus, Eugenia, Eutrema, Fragaria, Galium, Glichenia, Glycine, Gmelina, Gossypium, Helianthus, Hibiscus, Humulus, Impatiens, Lagenaria, Lamium sp., Limonium, Magnolia, Mercurialis perennis, Momordica, Murraya, Onobrychis viciifolia, Opuntia, Paeonia sp. (BOEREMA et al. , 1996), Pastinaca, Persea, Petroselinum sativa, Philodendron, Phoenix, Phlox, Pinus, Populus, Rubus, Sarcolobus, Scrophularia, Sesamum indicum, Solanum, Spinacea oleracea, Tectona, Thalictrum, Theobroma, Thymus, Trichosanthes, Triticum, Urena, Urtica dioica (on which it is very common, fide BOEREMA, 1976), Wasabia and Ziziphus mauritiana . Also from soil, plant litter, rotten fruit and vegetables, water, air, dog hair, sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and human sources. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread. AFRICA: Egypt, Nigeria, Senegal. NORTH AMERICA: Canada, USA. CENTRAL AMERICA: Honduras, Jamaica, Trinidad & Tobago, West Indies. SOUTH AMERICA: Brazil. ANTARCTICA. ASIA: Burma, India, Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Thailand. AUSTRALASIA: Australia, New Zealand. EUROPE: Austria, Belgium, Germany, Great Britain, Netherlands. TRANSMISSION: Soil-borne, but little else is known of other possible vectors.
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