Sesame Oil Research Articles

Cardiometabolic risk factors are affected by interaction between FADS1 rs174556 variant and dietary vegetable oils in patients with diabetes: a randomized controlled trial.

FADS1 rs174556 polymorphism influences on dietary fats metabolism and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). This study aimed to compare the effect of three oils of sesame, canola and sesame-canola on cardio metabolic factors across genotypes of rs174556 variant in patients with type 2 of diabetes. This study was a randomized triple-blind three-way cross-over clinical trial. 95 Subjects with T2DM replaced their regular dietary oil with sesame oil, canola oil, or sesame-canola oil for three 9-week phases and completed the study. There were three anthropometric measurements, blood sampling and biochemical assessments at the beginning, middle, and at the end of each phase for assessments. Genotyping was conducted using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. In the crude model, there was an interaction between consumed oils and rs174556 variant on serum concentration of Apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-1). During intake of sesame oil, lower levels of triglycerides (TG) were observed in individuals with TT genotype compared to C allele carriers' allele, which remained significant in adjusted models. Compared to C allele carrier's, the people with TT genotype experienced significant increase and decrease in serum levels of HDL and TG, respectively in adjusted models. Also, the subjects who consumed sesame-canola oil had lower serum concentrations of fasting blood glucose than those who received sesame and canola oils, regardless of used oils and genotypes. FADS1 Gene variant (rs174556) might modify cardiometabolic changes following dietary vegetable oils. Larger longitudinal studies especially randomized clinical trials are needed to clarify these associations.

Chemical and sensory quality of citrus-flavored vegetable oils

Citrus-flavored vegetable oils (CFVO) demand has grown rapidly in the food industry due to increasing consumer demand for salads as a healthy food choice. Salad dressing has a distinctive taste from sour-tasting citrus that when added to salads to increase acceptance. This study primarily aimed to characterize antioxidant activity, total flavonoid content, and sensory quality by hedonic and organoleptic test between all unflavored oil and CFVO from three different vegetable oils (coconut oil (Cocos nucifera L.), palm oil (Elaeis guineensis L.), sesame oil (Sesamum indicum L.)) and three citruses (key lime (Citrus aurantifolia), kaffir lime (Citrus hystrix), and nasnaran (Citrus ambylcarpa)). One-Way ANOVA with post hoc Tukey were conducted to assess antioxidant and flavonoid differences. ANOVA with Tukey HSD and HSD, PCA and HCA, and a Spearman correlation analysis were conducted to assess the sensory qualities of citrus-flavored vegetable oils. There were different hedonic responses towards citruses in addition to the vegetable oils for each hedonic attribute. There is also a different response to the antioxidant and total flavonoids content of each treatment. The best formula according the multi-attribute decision using a compensatory model and additive weighting technique (MADCAW) score describes key lime (140%) flavored coconut oil as the best formula as having 56.58% antioxidant, 37.00 mg QE/100 g flavonoid and color liking 1.84, aroma liking 3.56, and taste liking 1.88. In conclusion, citrus-flavored vegetable oil has the potential to be a high-antioxidant vegetable oil with good acceptance by consumers.

Hypoglycemic and intestinal microbiota-regulating effects of melanoidins in diabetic mice.

The aqueous extraction of sesame oil is a traditional process that generates a large amount of melanoidins. However, little is known about the characteristics and bioactive functions of these melanoidins. Electronic tongue, fluorescence emission spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses indicated that melanoidins from sesame residues (MELs) are brown macromolecular compounds with protein skeletons and heteroaromatic ring structures, a bitter taste, and instability in strong oxidative and reductive environments. The MELs demonstrated inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase, α-amylase and pancreatic lipase in vitro. These MELs mitigated weight loss in mice with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), reduced their fasting blood glucose to 54.73% (500 mg kg-1 day-1) of the initial value, increased the glycogen levels in the liver and skeletal muscles, lowered blood lipid levels, and protected the liver. Western blot analysis revealed that MELs inhibited the activities of enzymes such as PEPCK, FBPase, and G6Pase through the IRS-1/PI3K/Akt and AMPK pathways, increased the activity of the enzymes hexokinase (HK) and pyruvate kinase (PK), enhanced liver glycolytic ability, and promoted liver glycogen synthesis, thereby reducing blood glucose levels in T2DM mice. Moreover, MELs reduced the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroides (F/B) in the intestines of T2DM mice, increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus, Coprococcus, and Ruminococcus, and reduced the propionic acid content. Melanoidins can regulate T2DM by activating the IRS-1/PI3K/Akt and AMPK-signaling pathways and ameliorating gut microbiota imbalances in T2DM mice. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

Roasted sesame oil: A review on production technology, flavor chemistry, and other related issues

AbstractSesame oil (SO) produced through roasting technology offers pleasant flavor, often named roasted sesame oil (RSO) in the market. During the RSO production process, roasting is an essential technology in determining the flavor of RSO, which directly influences the consumer acceptance. Therefore, the present work systematically offers current knowledge on flavors and related issues of RSO, which will focus on production technologies (i.e., roasting technology, extraction technology, subsequent processing technology), flavor characteristics and flavor compounds, formation pathways of major flavor compounds (i.e., Maillard reaction pathway, oil oxidation pathway, thermal degradation pathway), and effects of roasting on the nutrition and safety. In addition, the present work provides an outlook for the future development of RSO industry, including the establishment of a grading system for the evaluation of RSO flavors, high‐value utilization of by‐products from RSO processing, and how to improve production efficiency of RSO. This work could provide a better understanding of RSO roasting process and promising information for better production of aromatic, nutritious and safe RSO by controlling/innovating the roasting process.

Revolutionizing agri-food technology: Development and validation of the Portable Intelligent Oil Recognition System (PIORS)

The increasing demand for high-quality vegetable oils has amplified the need for efficient, and accurate, oil recognition systems. This paper introduces the Portable Intelligent Oil Recognition System (PIORS), a pioneering advancement in the field. PIORS stands as the first-ever portable, AI-powered device tailored for rapid and accurate oil type identification, capable of delivering results within a mere five seconds. Using advanced machine learning, PIORS can distinguish between various oil types such as sesame, black seed, flaxseed, and almond oils, ensuring the quality and safety of the final product. The device's innovative design integrates an advanced sensor array with seamless Bluetooth connectivity, offering real-time data synchronization with mobile applications. Several Machine learning models, including Support Vector Machines (SVM), AdaBoost, Random Forest, K-Nearest Neighbors (K-NN), Gradient-Boosting Decision Tree (GBDT), and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) were implemented and thoroughly validated to obtain correct categorization. The results show that the XGBoost instantaneous classification algorithm continuously beat the competition, obtaining an astounding success rate of 97 percent in predicting and differentiating between the four oil classes. PIORS not only sets a new standard for speed and efficiency in oil quality assessment but also paves the way for groundbreaking applications in food safety, environmental monitoring, and quality control processes. This paper details the development, implementation, and validation of PIORS, showcasing its potential to revolutionize the agri-food industry with its cutting-edge, AI-driven approach to oil recognition.

Identify the Purity of Sesame Oil from Sesame Seeds (Sesamum indicum L.) and Analysis Using the ATR-FTIR Method

Sesame seeds (Sesamum indicum L.) are a plant that produces the most important and oldest oil known to man. Apart from being rich in nutrients, sesame consists of important functional components such as sesamin, sesamolin, sesamol, sesaminol, sesamolin phenol, and other lignan-like active ingredients and can trigger the motive to produce sesame oil by adulteration in order to achieve market desires. The aim of this research is to identify the purity of sesame oil and analyze it using the ATR-FTIR method to detect and prevent counterfeiting. Testing the characteristics of sesame oil can be adjusted to the quality requirements that have been set, one of which is the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) so that the quality of sesame oil circulating on the market is guaranteed. This research is non-experimental research. Sesame seed oil resulting from pressing is based on the test requirements of SNI 01-4468-1998 including the physico-chemical properties test. The results of the sesame seed oil profile are that the sesame seed oil extraction yield is 29.265%, the sesame oil is bright yellow in color, has a distinctive smell, specific gravity (20oC) 0.9237± 0.0057, refractive index 1.4702 ± 0.0005, peroxide value 2 ± 0.0577 meqO2/Kg, iodine value 107.1 ± 0.5773, and acid number 0.224 ± 0.0577. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the pressed sesame seed oil has met the requirements of the SNI 01-4468-1998 test, and from the functional groups that appear in the ATR-FTIR it can be concluded that the pressed sesame oil contains methyl ester group compounds.

Microwave-Assisted Enzymatic Green Solvent Technology for the Extraction and Characterization of Sesame Seed Oil

Traditional methods of extracting oil with organic solvents raise issues related to health, safety, and the environment. Microwave-assisted enzymatic green solvent extraction (MAEGSE) technology is environment friendly because it involves less hazardous chemical synthesis, utilizes renewable feedstock, and decreases the chemical load and emissions produced by organic solvents. The solvents methanol, ethanol, and various cell wall degrading enzymes such as hemicellulose, viscozyme L, pectinase, xylanase, and cellulase were used in this study. The MAEGSE process of sesame oil was conducted, and the results indicated that, unlike the controlled group, no enzymes were used during the process. Among all the combinations a higher oil extraction efficiency was obtained with combination of pectinase and ethanol (37.27%) followed by the xylanase with ethanol (36.75%) from sesame seed without compromising the quality of oil. Among the enzymes tested, pectinase resulted in the highest oil extraction efficiency, followed by xylanase. Use of pectinase improved the oil extraction efficiency in both ethanol and methanol mediums. The outcomes suggested that the application of pectinase enzymes plays a significant role in increasing the oil yield in comparison with the control without compromising quality of oil. Oil extracted without the use of enzyme (control) had a lower free fatty acid (FFA) concentration than the oils extracted with MAEGSE. Even though the specific gravity (SG) and refractive index (RI) of extracted oils were not significantly different in the solvents, the saponification value (SV), peroxide value (PV), iodine value (IV), and free fatty acid (FFA) were found to have minor differences among the extraction techniques.

Exploring the mechanism of sesamin for the treatment of PM2.5-induced cardiomyocyte damage based on transcriptomics, network pharmacology and experimental verification

IntroductionExposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is known to be associated with cardiovascular diseases. Sesamin (Ses) is a natural phenolic compound found in sesame seeds and sesame oil. Ferroptosis is a novel mode of cell death characterised by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. This study aims to explore whether PM2.5 can induce ferroptosis in H9C2 cells and to investigate the precise protective mechanism of Ses.MethodsBased on transcriptomic data, PM2.5 may induce ferroptosis in cardiomyocytes. The ferroptosis inducer erastin and ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) were used to illustrate the mechanisms involved in PM2.5-induced H9C2 cell injury. Using network pharmacology, the pharmacological mechanism and potential therapy targets of Ses were explored for the treatment of PM2.5-induced cardiomyocyte injury. H9C2 cells were cultured and pretreated with Fer-1 or different concentrations of Ses, and then cardiomyocyte injury model was established using erastin or PM2.5. Indicators of oxidative responses, including total superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase and malondialdehyde, were measured. The expression levels of ferroptosis-related proteins were determined through Western blot analysis.ResultsResults demonstrate that PM2.5 induces ferroptosis in H9C2 cells and Ses exerts a protective effect by suppressing ACSL4-mediated ferroptosis.DiscussionOverall, these findings elucidate a novel mechanism by which Ses ameliorates the detrimental effects of PM2.5 on cardiomyocytes.

Seed and foliar application of nano-selenium improves sesame triacylglycerols and oil yield via photosynthetic pigment and enzymatic and chemical antioxidant enhancement revealed by spectrophotometric, UHPLC-analysis and chemometric modeling

The current study aimed to investigate the effects of plant-mediated selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) on plant growth, photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant activity, and the triacylglycerol profile of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). The green synthesis of SeNPs was achieved using garlic extract, resulting in spherical nanoparticles with an average size range of 70–75 nm. Three SeNP treatments (T3, 30 ppm; T4, 40 ppm; and T5, 50 ppm) were applied through seed and foliar spray on six sesame varieties (V1, TS-5; V2, TH-6; V3, Til-18; V4, Niab Millennium; V5, Niab Pearl; and V6, NS-16). All enzymatic antioxidant parameters showed an increase in the treated groups, such as SOD (74.4% in V1 at T4), POD (43% in V5 at T5), APX (62% in V1 at T3), and GPX (31.56% in V3 at T4). CAT showed the highest percentage improvement in T5 for V1, V2, V4, and V5, while V3 and V4 exhibited the highest values at T4. Likewise, seed antioxidant parameters also showed increase in antioxidant activity, highest total phenolic content (6.06 mg GAE/g) was found at T5 treatment with percent increase of 27.41%, but the highest percent increase was found to be at T4 treatments in V1 with increase of 46.83%. Percent oil yield was also noted to be higher as highest percent (60%) oil yield was obtained at T4 treatment in V3. Ultra High Performance Mass-Spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) analysis and chemometric modeling suggested a total of 10 triacylglycerol (TG) biomarkers separating untreated groups, with higher relative abundance values at T4 and T5 treatments compared to control. PCA and correlation analysis showed clustering of untreated groups from T4 and T5, which suggests that these two treatments result in higher accumulation of oil. A generalized linear model with ANOVA showed a highly significant impact of treatments on all the growth and oil parameters, with significance involvement of varieties. The interaction between variety and treatment showed no significant effect on the growth and oil biomarkers of sesame. However, it can be concluded that the T4 and T5 treatments (40 ppm and 50 ppm) of SeNPs, applied through seed and foliar methods, have a strong influence on the overall growth and oil yield of sesame. This warrants further transcriptomic and molecular analysis to gain deeper insight into the mechanisms of action of SeNPs.

Testosterone replacement has a beneficial effect on the hemostatic system by altered gene expression of coagulation factors

This study aimed to investigate the effects of testosterone replacement therapy on hemostasis and some procoagulant gene expression in mice. 42 mice were randomly divided into two groups of non-orchiectomized (non-ORX) and orchiectomized (ORX) with three subgroups (n = 7) each, were subcutaneously administered with sesame oil (control), 2 and 20 mg/kg/week testosterone enanthate. Orchiectomized mice were allowed to recover for one week before treatment. On the 7th week of treatment, blood samples were collected for coagulation parameters analysis and measurement of plasma testosterone levels. Moreover, quantitative real-time PCR analysis was performed on liver samples to assess the expression of factor IX, factor X, and prothrombin genes. The results showed that supraphysiological doses (20 mg/kg) of testosterone significantly increased plasma testosterone levels in all groups, while physiological doses (2 mg/kg) only increased testosterone levels in non-ORX animals. Although testosterone administration had no effect on prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), supraphysiological doses reduced bleeding time and clotting time. Furthermore, platelet count increased in a dose-dependent manner with testosterone enanthate treatment. The expression of coagulation factors was also decreased with supraphysiological doses of testosterone. In conclusion, testosterone had significant effects on primary hemostasis and common coagulation pathway, including increased platelet number and aggregation, decreased clotting time, and altered gene expression of coagulation factors.

Enhanced lipase production and characterization from Aeromonas media VBC8: Applications in biodegradation of lubricating oil waste

This study aimed to explore the potential of a novel indigenous strain for the improved production of lipase from castor oil-contaminated soil. Among the various isolates, Aeromonas media VBC8 was found to be the most effective for lipase production. The effect of different inducer oils (olive, peanut, soybean, rice bran, sunflower, coconut, sesame, and fish liver oil) on the biomass of A. media VBC8 and its lipase activity was determined. Among the various oils assessed, fish liver oil exhibited highest lipase activity, with 89 U/mL with 9.1 g/L of biomass. Furthermore, Box-Behnken Design was used to optimize the cultural conditions resulting in an enhanced lipase activity of 1156 U/mL. The lipase was purified through ammonium salt (60 w/v %) precipitation, desalting and ion exchange column, achieving a yield of 16 % and specific activity of 98.4 U/mL. The purified lipase remained active over a wide range of pH 4.0–11.0 and temperature of 10–80 °C with maximum activity at pH 8.0 and 40 °C. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed the lipase's molecular weight to be 94 kDa. The study also evaluated the role of crude and purified lipase in the biodegradability of lubricating oil waste, achieving a maximum fatty acid conversion of 39 and 76 %, respectively, after 7 h incubation at room temperature.

Optimization of Microwave‐Assisted Extraction of Curcuma zedoaria Rhizome: A Comparative Study of Castor Oil and Sesame Oil

ABSTRACTCurcuma zedoaria (Christm.) Roscoe is a curcuminoid‐rich plant with potential applications in cosmetic products. This study aimed to optimize the microwave‐assisted extraction (MAE) conditions for C. zedoaria rhizomes using castor oil and sesame oil as solvents. A full factorial design was employed, investigating microwave power levels of 600 and 800 W, and microwave times of 30 and 90 s. The results showed that microwave time significantly affected extraction yield, and individual and total curcuminoid content while microwave power did not. The optimal conditions for maximizing extraction yield and total curcuminoid content were 600 W for 90 s with castor oil, and 600 W for 80 s with sesame oil. Stability testing revealed that curcuminoids were more stable in castor oil than in sesame oil when stored at 4°C, 30°C/75% relative humidity (RH), and 40°C/75% RH over 3 months. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that MAE is an effective method for extracting curcuminoids from C. zedoaria, with castor oil showing superior preservation of curcuminoid content. These findings suggest that castor oil could be a preferable solvent for the extraction and stabilization of curcuminoids in C. zedoaria for cosmetic applications.

Effect of Cooling Rate on Properties of Beeswax and Stearic Acid Oleogel Based on Rice Bran Oil and Sesame Oil

This study aimed to investigate how varying cooling rate impacts the characteristics of oleogels prepared using a sesame oil and rice bran oil blend (5:6, w/w) using a combination of beeswax and stearic acid (3:1, w/w at 12%, w/w) as the oleogelators. The study assessed three different cooling rates—0.5, 1.5, and 5 °C/min—with a focus on the attributes of the oleogels. The study revealed that the cooling rate had a substantial impact on the strength of the gel network. The cooling rate of 0.5 °C/min resulted in a higher oil-binding capacity and a stronger gel structure than fast cooling. The thermal properties and molecular interactions of the oleogels were not influenced by the cooling rate. The findings of this study indicated that the characteristics of beeswax and stearic acid oleogel prepared using sesame oil and rice bran oil blend could be tailored by manipulating the cooling rate.

Unveiling a novel exopolysaccharide produced by Pseudomonas alcaligenes Med1 isolated from a Chilean hot spring as biotechnological additive

Exopolysaccharides (EPSs), a constitutive part of bacterial biofilm, act as a protecting sheath to the extremophilic bacteria and are of high industrial value. In this study, we elucidate a new EPS produced by thermotolerant (growth from 34–44 °C) strain Pseudomonas alcaligenes Med1 from Medano hot spring (39.1 °C surface temperature, pH 7.1) located in the Central Andean Mountains of Chile. Bacterial growth was screened for temperature tolerance (10–60 °C) to confirm the thermotolerance behaviour. Physicochemical properties of the EPS were characterized by different techniques: Scanning Electron Microscopy- Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Gel permeation chromatography (GPC), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Whole genome of P. alcaligenes Med1 has also been studied in detail to correlate the structural and functional characteristics with genomic insight. The EPS demonstrated amorphous surface roughness composed of evenly distributed macromolecular lumps composed of mainly carbon and oxygen. The monosaccharide analysis has shown the presence of glucose, galactose, and mannose sugars at different ratios. TGA revealed the high thermal stability (315.3 °C) of the polysaccharide. The GPC has shown that Med1 is a low molecular weight polysaccharide (34.8 kDa) with low PI. The 2D-NMR linkage analysis suggests a diverse array of glycosidic bonds within the exopolysaccharide structure. The functional properties of the EPS were evaluated for food industry applications, specifically for antioxidant (DPPH, FRAP an H2O2). Extracted Med1 EPS revealed significant emulsification activity against different food grade vegetative oils (Coconut oil, Corn oil, Canola oil, Avocado oil, Sunflower oil, Olive oil, and Sesame oil). The highest 33.9% flocculation activity was observed with 60 mg L−1 EPS concentration. It showed water-holding (WHC) of 107.6% and oil-holding (OHC) capacity of 110.8%. The functional EPS produced by Pseudomonas alcaligenes Med1 from Central Andean Chilean hot spring of central Chile can be a useful additive for the food-processing industry.

Outlook on nutritional importance and breeding strategies for oil and quality improvement in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), is a pivotal crop in global agriculture due to its high oil content (50-60 %), rich in quality unsaturated fatty acids and an array of bioactive compounds like sesamin and sesamol. This review is a compilation of information on sesame nutrition, mechanism of action of bioactive principles, health benefits in terms of unsaturated fats, antioxidants and essential nutrients to combat health disorders. The genetic resources are the base for any crop improvement programs. The genetic wealth of this crop as ex-situ conservation world-wide, traits of importance from its wild relatives, studies on genetic diversity through agronomic and molecular techniques for quality traits are focused. Both conventional and molecular breeding methods are examined. Conventional breeding efforts covers trait variability, correlations, gene action, combining ability studies, breeding methods and varieties released. The insights into molecular biology probes the novel QTLs, discovery of candidate genes, molecular markers for quality traits, genome sequencing, advancements in gene expression studies, genetic maps and pangemone. Despite the significant progress, the lacuna and future prospects in these areas are highlighted. Integrating the information from modern genomic technologies with conventional methods is the key to maximize the crop's potential for oil and nutritional security.

Integrated uses of organic and inorganic fertilisers to increase sesame productivity on coastal sand fields

Sesame is recognised as a valuable oil plant with potential health benefits due to its disease mitigating properties. It shows exceptional growth rates in light soil types, such as sandy beach soils which are often deemed infertile. To address the issue, it is necessary to apply eco-friendly fertilisers derived from animal manure. Consequently, research has focused on performance evaluation over two growing seasons, namely the dry and rainy seasons, on coastal sandy soils. Employing a split-plot design across three replicates, the study investigated the influence of planting time and cultivar on the growth and yield of sesame. The study aimed to assess the impact of mixed fertiliser application timing on sesame growth and yield, focusing on both quantitative and qualitative parameters across the rainy and dry seasons. Results indicated that applying a mixture comprising chicken manure and inorganic fertiliser at the planting time significantly affected several growth parameters. These included plant height, chlorophyll content, flowering time, number of branches, net assimilation rate, root volume, and total sesame oil content, particularly in the dry season. Specifically, employing a dosage of 24.75 g of inorganic NPK fertiliser, comprising 1.45 g of nitrogen, 0.74 g of phosphorus, and 1.25 g of potassium per plant at planting time during the dry season, demonstrated the most favourable outcomes in terms of growth, yield components, and soil fertility. This approach also yielded a remarkable 54.51% oil content in the cultivar ‘Sbr-1’.

Isolation, Identification and Evaluation of the Effective Phyto-Compounds for The Management of Groundnut Beetles Infesting Stored Groundnut (Arachis Hypogaea L.)

The effectiveness of various botanicals was tested against the Major Pest of shelled groundnuts, the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenbebrionidae), under artificial infestation, in Laboratory conditions for one year. Essential Oils isolated by Clevengers Apparatus , @1%v/w of Pongamia glabra (Karanja Oil), Azadirachta indica (Neem Oil), Brassica campestris (Mustard Oil) , Crown oil (Resin of Shorea robusta) , Dalbergia sisso (Sisso Oil), Oryza sativa (Rice bran oil), Helianthus annus (Sunflower Oil) , Ricinus communis (Castor Oil), Aegle marmelos (Bael Oil), Sesamum indicum (Til Oil), etc were tested for their bioefficacy against the Major Pest, of shelled groundnuts, red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum, (Herbst) Tenebrionidae, Coleoptera, under artificial infestation, in Laboratory conditions for one year. Out of all these plant products only, Crown oil (Resin of Shorea robusta) gave 100 % pod/Kernel protection for one year. The LD 50 values were found out to be - 0.5% v/w. Spectroscopic GC MS analysis of, Crown oil (Resin of Shorea robusta) are identified as 2-Ethyl-oxetane (RT 2.223), as the major product It may be due to the strong aromatic nature of these phyto-product. Hence these phyto-product may be used as fumigants or insect repellants against Tribolium castaneum and can be included in the package of practices to save stored groundnut in storage.

Research Progress on the Quality, Extraction Technology, Food Application, and Physiological Function of Rice Bran Oil.

Rice bran oil is recommended by the World Health Organization as one of the three major healthy edible oils (along with corn and sesame oils), owing to its unique fatty acid composition and functional components. This study screened, organized, and analyzed a large number of studies retrieved through keyword searches, and investigated the nutritional value and safety of rice bran oil. It reviews the stability of raw rice bran materials and the extraction and refining process of rice bran oil and discusses food applications and sub-health regulations. Research has found that a delayed stabilization treatment of rice bran seriously affects the overall quality of rice bran oil. Compared with traditional solvent extraction, the new extraction technologies have improved the yield and nutritional value of rice bran oil, but most of them are still in the research stage. Owing to the lack of economical and applicable supporting production equipment, extraction is difficult to industrialize, which is a challenging research area for the future. Rice bran oil has stronger antioxidant stability than other edible oils and is more beneficial to human health; however, its application scope and consumption are limited owing to the product price and lack of understanding. Rice bran oil has significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, hypoglycemic, lipid-lowering, and neuroprotective effects. Further exploratory research on other unknown functions is required to lay a scientific basis for the application and development of rice bran oil.

Classification of Sesame Oil Based on Processing-Originated Differences in the Volatile Organic Compound Profile by a Colorimetric Sensor.

Fragrant edible sesame oil is popular for its unique aroma. The aroma of sesame oil is determined by its volatile organic compound (VOC) profile. Sesame oils produced by different techniques could have different VOC profiles. In addition, blending fragrant sesame oil with refined oil could also alter the VOC profile of the final product. Current practices in aroma analysis, such as sensory evaluation and gas chromatography (GC), still face many restraints. Hence, there is a need for alternatives. We present a novel 14-unit multiplexed paper-based colorimetric sensor for fragrant sesame oil VOC analysis. The sensor was designed to visualize the VOC profile as a color "fingerprint". The sensor was validated with 55 branded sesame oil samples produced by two different techniques, i.e., hot pressing and small milling; the experimental results suggested a processing dependency in color VOC fingerprints. The sensor also demonstrated the potential to detect the change in sesame oil VOC profile due to blending with refined oil, with an estimated limit of detection down to 20% v/v of the refined oil. The colorimetric sensor might be used as a simple, rapid, and cost-effective analytical tool in the production and quality control of fragrant sesame oil.

The impact of vitamin D3 administration and of high fat diet on oxidative stress and inflammation in experimentally induced polycystic ovary syndrome.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is commonly associated with obesity and may be exacerbated by the lack of vitamin D3. The study aimed to investigate the effects of vitamin D3 administration in female rats with PCOS and prolonged high fat diet (HFD). Forty-four female Wistar rats, 180-200 g, 10 weeks old, were randomly allocated into 2 groups (n=22) that received a single dose intramuscular injection of: sesame oil (group I), or estradiol valerate (5 mg) in sesame oil (group II). After 4 weeks, intraovarian cysts developed in group II, as evidenced by ultrasonography. In the next step, half of rats from each group received standard diet (SD) and the other half high fat diet, through oral gavage, for 17 weeks, the following groups being obtained: Control (SD), HFD, PCOS (PCOS+SD) and PCOS+HFD. Next, all the rats received, for 5 weeks, 500 UI/kg/day vitamin D3, through oral gavage. Lipid peroxidation was assessed through malondialdehyde level in the ovary and periovarian tissue and the inflammation was quantified in ovary by NFkB, pNFkB, NRF2 and SOD1 expressions. Ovaries from all groups were collected for histopathological analysis. Blood samples were taken to evaluate the basal insulin, triglycerides and total cholesterol levels throughout the experiment. Both groups with PCOS recorded significant increases of malondialdehyde in ovaries (p<0.001) and in periovarian tissue, especially in PCOS+HFD (p<0.05), even after vitamin D3 administration. PCOS+HFD group treated with vitamin D3 showed a high degree of inflammation in ovarian histopathology but with decreased pNFkB expression (p<0.01) while PCOS group recorded an increased SOD1 expression (p<0.05). Additionally, vitamin D3 treatment attenuated the insulin level (p<0.001) in PCOS and in HFD groups and the total cholesterol level in PCOS+HFD group, but triglycerides recordings were without statistical significance (p>0.05). HFD induced inflammation in ovaries, evidenced histologically and through increases of COX2 expressions (p<0.05) without significant influences on oxidative stress and on cholesterol levels. Polycystic ovary syndrome is associated with oxidative stress and inflammation in the ovary tissue and in blood with increased levels of insulin, total cholesterol and triglycerides that might be partially mitigated by vitamin D3 oral administration.