Types Of Services Research Articles

Exploring the Influence of Financial Literacy on Mobile Financial Service Usage: An Ordered Probit Analysis

Mobile financial service, an emerging form of financial services that has developed alongside the internet and mobile devices, are becoming increasingly significant in the global financial market. Financial literacy is crucial for safely and effectively using these services, as it equips individuals with the necessary knowledge and skills to navigate the digital financial landscape, make informed decisions, and manage their finances responsibly. This study explores the link between financial literacy and the use of mobile financial services, aiming to promote financial inclusion and help users benefit from mobile banking technologies. The results indicate that the impact of objective financial literacy varies significantly across different types of mobile financial services. It boosts the utilization of mobile banking services, with coefficient 0.025 (p<0.01), while simultaneously reducing the frequency of mobile payments and transfers, with coefficients -0.041 and -0.012 respectively (p<0.01). The results also show that subjective financial literacy always positively relate to the use of mobile banking, mobile payments and mobile transfers, with coefficients 0.038, 0.044 and 0.03 respectively (p<0.01). Further, this paper investigates how financial literacy miscalibration affects the use of mobile financial services. The results show that individuals who over-evaluated their financial literacy are more likely to use mobile financial services than individuals who under-evaluated or correct-evaluated their financial literacy. The results serve as decisive evidence for policymakers to enhance consumer financial literacy, thereby improving their use of mobile financial services. Future studies could delve deeper into the underlying reasons for the differential impact of objective financial literacy on various MFS types.

Kualitas Pelayanan Penerbitan Sertifikat Pengganti pada Badan Pertanahan Nasional Kota Blitar

A land certificate is legal and very important proof of land ownership. Therefore, people need to look after and maintain it well. However, there are still cases where the certificate is lost, so the land owner needs to make an application to obtain a replacement certificate at the local National Land Agency. In the certificate replacement process, there are several obstacles, such as the high costs for publication in the mass media, the length of bureaucracy that the applicant must go through, the long time required to complete the service, and the large number of documents that the applicant must submit. This research aims to evaluate the quality of service in the process of issuing replacement certificates at the Blitar City National Land Agency and identify the obstacles faced in this process. This research uses qualitative methods whose results will be processed into descriptive data. The data collected includes primary data obtained from interviews and observations, as well as secondary data obtained from literature reviews. The data collection process was carried out through interviews, direct observation and documentation. The results of this research are based on a series of analysis processes from interview data, observation and documentation, showing that the quality of replacement certificate issuance services at the Blitar City National Land Agency is good. Judging from the five indicators of service quality used, namely Tangibles, Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance and Empathy. There are obstacles faced, namely the occurrence of errors in the KKP system which is used to process all types of services, obstacles in making the oath agenda schedule which can hinder the completion of services

Predictors of patient satisfaction to nursing service in government hospitals in eastern Visayas Philippines

This study assessed the patients’ satisfaction level on the nursing service in government hospitals within Eastern Visayas, Philippines and determined the predictors of patient’s satisfaction using Stepwise Multiple Regression Analysis. The researcher primarily employed a de-scriptive correlational research design. Further, a standardized questionnaire named Risser -Patient Satisfaction Scale was employed to 203 patient respondents. This study revealed that Patients have greater satisfaction level on the competencies or capabilities of nurses in their respective field. However, respondents were less satisfied on nurses’ attitude toward patients, and on how they communicate with them. Moreover, this study also revealed that age, ward assignment, and service type was found to be the predictors of patients’ satis-faction.

The Acceptability, Engagement, and Feasibility of Mental Health Apps for Marginalized and Underserved Young People: Systematic Review and Qualitative Study.

Smartphone apps may provide an opportunity to deliver mental health resources and interventions in a scalable and cost-effective manner. However, young people from marginalized and underserved groups face numerous and unique challenges to accessing, engaging with, and benefiting from these apps. This study aims to better understand the acceptability (ie, perceived usefulness and satisfaction with an app) and feasibility (ie, the extent to which an app was successfully used) of mental health apps for underserved young people. A secondary aim was to establish whether adaptations can be made to increase the accessibility and inclusivity of apps for these groups. We conducted 2 sequential studies, consisting of a systematic literature review of mental health apps for underserved populations followed by a qualitative study with underserved young male participants (n=20; age: mean 19). Following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, an electronic search of 5 databases was conducted in 2021. The search yielded 18,687 results, of which 14 articles met the eligibility criteria. The included studies comprised a range of groups, including those affected by homelessness, having physical health conditions, living in low- and middle-income countries, and those with sexual and gender minority identities. Establishing and maintaining user engagement was a pervasive challenge across mental health apps and populations, and dropout was a reported problem among nearly all the included studies. Positive subjective reports of usability, satisfaction, and acceptability were insufficient to determine users' objective engagement. Despite the significant amount of funding directed to the development of mental health apps, juxtaposed with only limited empirical evidence to support their effectiveness, few apps have been deliberately developed or adapted to meet the heterogeneous needs of marginalized and underserved young people. Before mental health apps are scaled up, a greater understanding is needed of the types of services that more at-risk young people and those in limited-resource settings prefer (eg, standard vs digital) followed by more rigorous and consistent demonstrations of acceptability, effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness. Adopting an iterative participatory approach by involving young people in the development and evaluation process is an essential step in enhancing the adoption of any intervention, including apps, in "real-world" settings and will support future implementation and sustainability efforts to ensure that marginalized and underserved groups are reached. PROSPERO CRD42021254241; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=254241.

Internal Medicine Acting Internship Trends in Rotation Structure and Student Responsibilities: Results from a 2023 National Survey.

The acting internship (AI) in internal medicine plays a key role in the transition from medical school to residency. While there have been recent changes in medical education including a pass/fail USMLE Step 1 and increasing use of competency-based assessment, there has not been a large survey of the state of the AI in many years. To assess the current landscape of the internal medicine AI and identify areas in need of standardization. This was a voluntary online survey of medical schools in the United States (U.S.). Course directors of the AI rotation at U.S. medical schools. Number of AI rotations required for graduation, length of AI rotation, types of services allowed for AI, clinical responsibilities of students, curricular components. Response rate was 50.7% (71/140 LCME accredited schools). All responding institutions require at least one AI for graduation, with nearly all schools integrating students into resident teaching teams, and almost half also allowing AI students to work on hospitalist services. Students carry 3-4 patients per day on average with a maximum of 5-6 in most institutions. Students are responsible for most aspects of patient care including notes, orders, interprofessional communication, and transitions of care. Night call or night float responsibilities are infrequently required. The structured curriculum published by AAIM is used by only 41% of schools. The internal medicine AI continues to be a staple in the medical school experience, but there is variation in the structure, curriculum, and expectations on the rotation. Opportunities exist to improve standardization of the AI experience and expectations to better prepare medical students for the transition from medical school to residency.

Reaping Digital Dividends: The Impact of Supply Chain Finance on Corporate Technological Innovation in China

ABSTRACT As a new type of financial service, supply chain finance closely relates to the production and innovation behaviors of micro-size enterprises. This research thus explores whether and how supply chain finance affects corporate technological innovation. Using a sample of China’s A-share listed companies from 2013 to 2020, the results show that (1) supply chain finance significantly enhances the technological innovation of enterprises; (2) the beneficial effect of supply chain finance on enterprises’ cooperative innovation is more pronounced compared to that on independent innovation; (3) mechanism tests find that supply chain finance promotes enterprise innovation by alleviating financing constraints and adjusting supply chain relationships; and (4) this promotion effect is stronger for private enterprises, small-scale enterprises, in west regions, and for regions with a high level of digital financial development. Our empirical results thus enrich the literature, provide insights into the optimization of supply chain finance development, and can help improve the financial regulatory framework.

Community health services in European literature: A systematic review of their features, outcomes, and nursing contribution to care.

To meet the population's needs, community care should be customized and continuous, adequately equipped, and monitored. Considering their fragmented and heterogeneous nature, a summary of community healthcare services described in European literature is needed. The aim of this study was to summarize their organizational models, outcomes, nursing contribution to care, and nursing-related determinants of outcomes. A systematic review was performed by searching PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and Embase in October 2022 and October 2023 (for updated results). Quantitative studies investigating the effects of community care, including nursing contribution, on patient outcomes were included and summarized. Reporting followed the PRISMA checklist. The review protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022383856). Twenty-three studies describing six types of community care services were included, which are heterogeneous in terms of target population, country, interventions, organizational characteristics, and investigated outcomes. Heterogeneous services' effects were observed for access to emergency services, satisfaction, and compliance with treatment. Services revealed a potential to reduce rehospitalizations of people with long-term conditions, frail or older persons, children, and heart failure patients. Models are mainly multidisciplinary and, although staffing and workload may also have an impact on provided care, this was not enough investigated. Community health services described in European literature in the last decade are in line with population needs and suggest different suitable models and settings according to different care needs. Community care should be strengthened in health systems, although the influence of staffing, workload, and work environment on nursing care should be investigated by developing new management models. Community care models are heterogeneous across Europe, and the optimum organizational structure is not clear yet. Future policies should consider the impact of community care on both health and economic outcomes and enhance nursing contributions to care.

Conflicts of interest in the hiring of non-audit services provided by audit firms: are the anti-conflict corporate policies adopted in Brazil adequate?

The present study analyzed the policies and procedures adopted to prevent conflicts of interest situations in Brazilian publicly traded companies that hired the same audit firm to perform both the financial statement audit and other types of non-audit services in the fiscal year 2020. Using content analysis technique, the study examined information available in the Management Reports for the year ended December 2020. which are mandatory disclosures to the market, and in the Policies for Hiring Non-Audit Services of their Independent Auditors valid in the year 2020. optionally submitted to the Securities and Exchange Commission. The observed results suggest a low level of detail in the information provided by companies, as most use standardized and concise texts in their respective Management Reports. Through best practices, it is noted that the Policies for Hiring Non-Audit Services of their Independent Auditors in the majority of analyzed companies identify the Audit Committee as responsible for service contracts. Some companies include a list of prohibited services and establish percentage limits for non-audit services to be provided. As a contribution, the study aimed to outline the policies adopted by companies in response to regulatory requirements and highlight some existing evidence in the disclosed information.

A perspective on the Center for Open Science (COS) preprint servers

Preprints, which are non-peer-reviewed documents that are typically precursors of peer-reviewed papers, or as open access archival forms of published papers (post-prints), are increasingly becoming part of the publishing open access culture. Preprints have been lauded as a rapid form of publication, but for them to be useful and reliable sources of information, they and information pertaining to them (e.g., bibliometric indicators) need to be effectively managed by the servers where they are hosted. In recent years, a number of new preprint servers have emerged. One type of preprint server is owned by publishers, while another is ownership or financial support by philanthropic organizations This paper focuses on one case of the latter type. In 2016, the Virginia, US-based, philanthropically-funded Center for Open Science (COS) launched three preprint services (engrXiv, PsyArXiv, SocArXiv) and started Open Science Framework (OSF) Preprints in 2017. The latter was used as a “template” service to attract thematically-linked communities of academics that also wished to have their own preprint servers. In June 2024, COS listed 29 preprint servers, although 14 of them have ceased publication or hosting of preprints by COS / OSF. One reason may be due to the commercialization of the COS / OSF “template” service, which charges preprint managers an annual fee based on the volume of preprints published annually. In the light of the 14 preprint servers that are no longer hosted at or by COS / OSF, this paper briefly discusses the financial sustainability and information stability of preprint servers, which mostly allow authors to publish preprints for free. Authors’ preprints are usually screened by fairly superficial screening and moderation processes, and it is not unusual to find opaquely or “silently” deleted preprints from preprint servers, including those of COS/OSF. Given that this organization is a well-funded leader of the open science movement, greater transparency is required regarding its own funding, operations, and management, as well as a more frank and an open debate regarding the ethical limitations associated with preprints.

Public Services: A Satisfaction Survey of Dumai City Hospital Services

Public service is a frequently discussed issue in Indonesia. However, when it comes to execution, local governments as service providers must consider a variety of factors. Regarding the government-owned regional hospital services that have been operating. One of them is monitoring the public satisfaction index for the services provided by Dumai city hospital. With the expectation that the findings may help policymakers at the regional hospital enhance future services. This article is intended to assess public satisfaction with the services offered by Dumai city hospital. The study used a quantitative technique measuring the Community Satisfaction Index established by the Regulation of the minister of state apparatus empowerment and bureaucratic reform of the republic of Indonesia number 14 of 2017 concerning guidelines for compiling public satisfaction surveys of public service provider units. There are nine items that are measured: requirement, systems mechanisms and procedures, time to completion, fees/rates, product specification type of service, officer behavior, competence of service officers, handling, complaints, suggestions and input, facilities and infrastructure. The study's population represents the entire community that has received services. The sample size was determined using the accidental sampling technique with 100 respondents. A questionnaire has been used for collecting the data required. The research study found that the community satisfaction index was 80.75, and the assessment category service satisfaction was good.

An exploration of factors affecting hotel consumers' health from an ecological systems theory perspective: A meta-analytical study

Consumers are placing increasing importance on their health experiences during their hotel stays. Previous studies have explored the various factors influencing consumer health experiences from multiple independent micro-perspectives, such as hotel environment and service type. In addition to the lack of generalization of influencing factors and outcomes from an overall perspective, existing research also ignores the impact of some important macro variables, such as culture and time. To fill these gaps, this study adopted a meta-analytic approach, guided by the Ecological Systems Theory, and explored based on 44 independent studies obtained from 41 empirical papers with 19,625 participants. The findings of the study indicate that individual factors (e.g. consumer personal assessment, motivation, and personality), microsystem factors (e.g. hotel environment and hotel service), macrosystem factors (e.g. culture), and chronosystem factors (e.g. critical events) all have an impact on hotel consumer health. In addition, this study builds on the findings of existing research to summarise the gaps and shortcomings of this research topic. These findings can help hotels enhance consumer health experiences and promote related research.

Trends in the availability of comprehensive services within outpatient substance use treatment facilities from 2018 to 2022

ABSTRACT Background: Little is known regarding the extent to which substance use disorder (SUD) treatment facilities adopt comprehensive services to meet patients’ medical and social needs. Objective: To examine trends in the availability of comprehensive services within outpatient SUD treatment facilities from 2018 to 2022. Methods: We used data from the Mental Health and Addiction Treatment Tracking Repository, a national database of SUD treatment facilities (n = 13,793). We examined the availability of four domains of comprehensive services and four types of SUD treatment services from 2018 to 2022. We conducted bivariate and multivariate logistic regression predicting the availability of a comprehensive service model (defined as having at least one service from each service domain), controlling for organizational and community characteristics. Results: Comprehensive services were increasingly offered from 2018 to 2022. In unadjusted and adjusted models, facilities which were externally accredited (OR: 1.50; 95%CI: 1.30–1.74), accepted Medicaid (OR: 1.51; 95%CI: 1.30–1.74), performed community outreach (OR: 2.05; 95%CI: 1.80–2.33), provided naloxone and overdose education (OR: 3.50; 95%CI: 3.06–3.99), had a robust SUD treatment infrastructure (OR: 2.33; 95%CI; 2.08–2.62), and were located in a county with a lower percentage of White residents (OR: 0.99; 95%CI: 0.99–0.99), a higher percentage of residents in poverty (OR: 1.02; 95%CI: 1.00–1.03), and the Northeast compared with the South (OR: 1.21; 95%CI: 1.01–1.45), had significantly higher odds of adopting a comprehensive service model. Conclusion: Findings highlight the importance of factors reflecting experience with organizational change efforts and enhanced external support. Policymakers working to enhance the uptake of comprehensive services should focus on obtaining the financial and technical support necessary to develop these models.

Availability and readiness of health facilities providing services for other infectious diseases to treat neglected tropical diseases in Ethiopia: implications for service integration in high burden areas

BackgroundThe burden of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria pose significant public health challenges in Ethiopia. This study aimed to the explore service availability and readiness for NTD care among Ethiopian health facilities treating tuberculosis (TB), HIV/AIDS, and/or malaria.MethodsThis study utilized secondary data from the Ethiopian Service Provision Assessment 2021–22 survey. The availability of services was calculated as the percentage of HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, or malaria facilities providing NTD services. Facilities were considered highly prepared to manage any type of NTD if they scored at least half (> 50%) of the tracer items listed in each of the three domains (staff training and guidelines, equipment, and essential medicines). Descriptive statistics and logistic regression models were employed to present the study findings and analyze factors influencing facility readiness, respectively.ResultsOut of 403 health facilities providing NTD care nationally, 179, 183, and 197 also offer TB, HIV/AIDS, and malaria services, respectively. The majority of TB (90.1%), HIV/AIDS (89.6%), and malaria (90.9%) facilities offer soil-transmitted helminth services, followed by trachoma (range 87–90%). The percentages of the aforementioned facilities with at least one trained staff member for any type of NTD were 87.2%, 88.4%, and 82.1%, respectively. The percentage of facilities with guidelines for any type of NTD was relatively low (range 3.7–4.1%). Mebendazole was the most widely available essential medicine, ranging from 69 to 70%. The overall readiness analysis indicated that none of the included facilities (TB = 11.9%; HIV/AIDS = 11.6%; and malaria = 10.6%) were ready to offer NTD care. Specifically, a higher level of readiness was observed only in the domain of medicines across these facilities. Hospitals had better readiness to offer NTD care than did health centers and clinics. Furthermore, a significant associations were observed between facility readiness and factors such as facility type, region, presence of routine management meetings, types of NTD services provided, and fixed costs for services.ConclusionsEthiopian health facilities treating TB, HIV/AIDS, and malaria had an unsatisfactory overall service availability and a lack of readiness to provide NTD care. Given the existing epidemiological risks and high burden of TB, HIV/AIDS, malaria, and NTDs in Ethiopia, there is an urgent need to consider preparing and implementing a collaborative infectious disease care plan to integrate NTD services in these facilities.

Additive manufacturing service bureau selection: A Bayesian network integrated framework

Additive manufacturing service bureaus (AMSBs) are crucial for enabling manufacturing organizations to leverage the benefits of additive manufacturing (AM) technology, such as on-demand manufacturing, production speed, etc., all while eliminating the expense of maintaining inventories. Consequently, many organizations favor AMSBs for expertise, cost efficiency, and access to diverse equipment, materials, and post-processing, reducing the necessity for substantial in-house investments. While researchers have explored evolving business models and the types of AM services offered by AMSBs to some extent, there is a noticeable research gap in selecting the most compatible AMSB for specific customer requirements, which this research would like to address. Initially, this research identifies various types of services offered by AMSBs, classifying them into eight groups: generative, evaluative, explorative, facilitative, constructive, decisive, selective, and assistive. Then, a knowledge-based expert system is introduced to select a suitable type of AM service. Further, 101 AMSB selection criteria are identified and grouped into criteria and sub-criteria by incorporating insights from literature and experts. Then, 26 pertinent criteria were shortlisted through Delphi. Neutrosophic best-worst method is then utilized to quantify criteria weights. Finally, a Bayesian network is used to calculate the selection probability of each AMSB, identifying the AMSB with the highest probability as the most compatible. The robustness of this framework is validated through sensitivity analysis. The practical effectiveness of the framework was demonstrated through a case study involving Ferro Oil-Tech India Private Limited. The analysis of the results provided valuable managerial insights and suggested ways to enhance the business competitiveness of the organization.

Epidemiology of cruciate ligament reconstruction in the Australian Defence Force and predictors of outcome

BackgroundThe ability to predict the risk of poor outcome following knee cruciate ligament reconstruction in the Australian Defence Force (ADF) population would help direct individual rehabilitation programmes and workforce planning....

Gender-Based Variations in Medicare Reimbursements Among Different Surgical Subspecialties

Gender inequities and limited representation are an obstacle to surgical workforce diversification. There has been limited examination of gender-based disparities in billing practices among surgeons. To evaluate variations in practice metrics and billing practices among female and male surgeons and identify factors associated with gender disparities in Medicare reimbursements. This retrospective cross-sectional study used publicly available Medicare Fee-for-Service Provider Utilization and Payment data from January to December 31, 2021, to identify demographics, annual services provided, and financial payments and charges for general surgeons, surgical oncologists, and colorectal surgeons. Data were analyzed from November 2023 to February 2024. The primary exposure of interest was surgeon gender (ie, female or male). The annual total submitted charges and payments submitted in 2021 by female and male surgeons were assessed. Additionally, the total number and types of services provided each year and the number of beneficiaries treated were examined. Multivariable linear regression models were used to evaluate the association of surgeon gender with payments, number of services, and beneficiaries. A total of 20 549 general surgeons (5036 [24.5%] female; 15 513 [75.5%] male), 1065 surgical oncologists (450 [42.3%] female; 615 [57.7%] male), and 1601 colorectal surgeons (432 [27.0%] female; 1169 [73.0%] male) were included. Across all surgical subspecialties, female surgeons billed fewer mean (SE) Medicare charges (general surgeons: 30.1% difference; $224 934.80 [$3846.97] vs $321 868.50 [$3933.57]; surgical oncologists: 27.5% difference; $277 901.70 [$22 857.37] vs $382 882.90 [$19 566.06]; colorectal surgeons: 21.7% difference; $274 091.70 [$10 468.48] vs $350 146.10 [$8741.66]; all P < .001) and received significantly lower mean (SE) reimbursements (general surgeons: 29.0% difference; $51 787.61 [$917.91] vs $72 903.12 [$890.35]; surgical oncologists: 23.6% difference; $57 945.18 [$3853.28] vs $75 778.22 [$2622.75]; colorectal surgeons: 24.5% difference; $63 117.01 [$2248.10] vs $83 598.53 [$1934.77]; all P < .001). On multivariable analysis, a reimbursement gap remained across all 3 surgical subspecialties (general surgeons: -$14 963.46 [95% CI, -$18 822.27 to -$11 104.64] [P < .001]; surgical oncologists: -$8354.69 [95% CI, -$15 018.12 to -$1691.25] [P = .01]; colorectal surgeons: -$4346.73 [95% CI, -$7660.15 to -$1033.32] [P = .01]). In this cross-sectional study, there was considerable gender-based variation in practice patterns and reimbursement among different surgical subspecialties serving the Medicare population. Differences in mean payment per service were associated with variations in billing and coding strategies among female and male surgeons.

Cross-Sectional Study of Nutritional Service Capacity for Infants and Toddlers in Urban and Rural Medical Facilities in Sichuan Province

To investigate and analyze the current status and challenges of infant and toddler nutritional services in urban and rural medical facilities in Sichuan Province. In 2022, a questionnaire survey was conducted to collect data on infant and toddler nutritional services, including feeding guidance, physical growth assessment, and micronutrient deficiency screening, as well as information on personnel and tools in medical facilities throughout Sichuan Province. The provision of nutritional services was analyzed and the urban-rural disparities were assessed. A total of 2206 medical facilities (29.1% from urban areas and 70.9% from rural areas) were investigated. Only 35.8% of medical facilities provided all three types of nutritional services. Specifically, the overall service provision rates were high for feeding guidance (94.6%) and physical growth assessment (85.0%), but lower for micronutrient deficiency screening (37.4%). Rural facilities exhibited significantly lower rates than their urban counterparts for both physical growth assessment and micronutrient deficiency screening (P<0.05). The provision rates of feeding guidance ranged from 70.6% to 93.2%, with responsive feeding guidance being the least implemented (70.6%), particularly in rural areas compared to urban areas (P<0.05). Rates for physical growth assessment and micronutrient deficiency screening ranged from 75.3% to 81.8% and 23.6% to 30.8%, respectively, both showing lower rates in rural settings compared to urban ones (P<0.05). Nutrition service providers were predominantly nurses (52.3%) and clinical practitioners (43.4%). The availability of dietary assessment tools ranged from 7.7% to 15.9%, significantly lower in rural areas compared to urban areas (P<0.001), while physical measurement tools were widely available at rates of 94.6% to 98.5%. At present, the infant and toddler nutritional service provisions of medical facilities in Sichuan Province are incomplete, particularly so in the implementation of feeding guidance, physical growth assessment, and micronutrient deficiency screening. There is a notable shortage of personnel and necessary tools, with rural areas facing more significant challenges. Enhancing the overall capacity of infant and toddler nutritional services in Sichuan Province is essential, with specific attention needed for rural healthcare settings.

Exploring Mental Health Services for Youth Experiencing Homelessness in East Asian Pacific Regions: A Systematic Scoping Review.

Youth experiencing homelessness (YEH) in East Asian Pacific (EAP) regions represent one of the most at-risk populations due to cultural and geographical factors. Effective mental health interventions, primarily researched in Western contexts, may not fully apply to YEH in EAP. Their lack of stable shelter, disrupted social networks, and limited access to mental health services elevate their susceptibility to adverse mental health, making urgent interventions essential to address their needs. The objective of this study is to explore and systematically search the types of mental health services and interventions available for YEH in EAP and their impact on overall quality of life and wellbeing. Electronic databases (e.g., Medline, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus) were systematically searched (publication dates between 1 January 1990 and 13 May 2023), as well as additional online resources specific to homelessness. Articles were screened, and a critical appraisal assessed the quality of the included studies. Eight studies with different interventions were identified in Indonesia (n = 2), Malaysia (n = 1), South Korea (n = 3), and the Philippines (n = 1). These were thematically clustered into six categories: art, cognitive behavioural therapy, life skills education, resilience enhancement, family strengthening, and government interventions/services. This review highlights effective mental health interventions' positive impact on YEH mental health outcomes and quality of life in EAP, stressing the urgent need to implement socio-culturally sensitive services. Future research should address knowledge gaps through comprehensive studies covering diverse EAP regions and populations, prioritising socio-culturally specific psychological measures.

Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Typical Ecosystem Services and Their Spatial Responses to Driving Factors in Ecologically Fragile Areas in Upper Yellow River, China

Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Typical Ecosystem Services and Their Spatial Responses to Driving Factors in Ecologically Fragile Areas in Upper Yellow River, China

Social vulnerability and surgery outcomes: a cross-sectional analysis

BackgroundPost-operative complications present a challenge to the healthcare system due to the high unpredictability of their incidence. Socioeconomic conditions have been established as social determinants of health. However, their contribution relating to postoperative complications is still unclear as it can be heterogeneous based on community, type of surgical services, and sex and gender. Uncovering these relations can enable improved public health policy to reduce such complications.MethodsIn this study, we conducted a large population cross-sectional analysis of social vulnerability and the odds of various post-surgical complications. We collected electronic health records data from over 50,000 surgeries that happened between 2012 and 2018 at a quaternary health center in St. Louis, Missouri, United States and the corresponding zip code of the patients. We built statistical logistic regression models of postsurgical complications with the social vulnerability index of the tract consisting of the zip codes of the patient as the independent variable along with sex and race interaction.ResultsOur sample from the St. Louis area exhibited high variance in social vulnerability with notable rapid increase in vulnerability from the south west to the north of the Mississippi river indicating high levels of inequality. Our sample had more females than males, and females had slightly higher social vulnerability index. Postoperative complication incidence ranged from 0.75% to 41% with lower incidence rate among females. We found that social vulnerability was associated with abnormal heart rhythm with socioeconomic status and housing status being the main association factors. We also found associations of the interaction of social vulnerability and female sex with an increase in odds of heart attack and surgical wound infection. Those associations disappeared when controlling for general health and comorbidities.ConclusionsOur results indicate that social vulnerability measures such as socioeconomic status and housing conditions could affect postsurgical outcomes through preoperative health. This suggests that the domains of preventive medicine and public health should place social vulnerability as a priority to achieve better health outcomes of surgical interventions.