Types Of Services Research Articles

Vision rehabilitation workforce in Italy: a country-level analysis

BackgroundResearch and monitoring of human resources available for vision rehabilitation services has been a neglected area of work in the past. This study aims to offer an overview of the vision rehabilitation workforce available in Italy, in order to profile the distribution and number of human resources for vision rehabilitation.MethodsData on the available vision rehabilitation professionals were collected from the yearly report on the state of implementation of policies relating to the prevention of blindness, education and vision rehabilitation, according to a law which was passed by the Italian Ministry of Health, Department of Health Prevention. The report presents a review of all professional workers dealing with low vision rehabilitation centers in Italy between January 2005 and December 2019. Data on the distribution and type of services of government-supported low vision centers across the country were also obtained and examined.ResultsOf the 289 low vision rehabilitation workers in 2019, 28% were ophthalmologists, 31% orthoptists, 19% psychologists, 17% nurses and 5% social workers.The health workforce densities across the Italian regions ranged from 1.62 to 0.12 per 100.000. The density of vision rehabilitation workers showed a no growing trend from 2006 to 2015. During the study period, it was found a weak but statistically significant association of workforce density with the number of government-supported low vision centers across the Italian territory (r2 = 0.3, p < 0.05). The vision rehabilitation workforce was not associated with the number of low vision patients who accessed to a vision rehabilitation center (r2 = 0.05, p < 0.0001).DiscussionA critical review has identified the following national situation: need-based shortages of workers in the vision rehabilitation service sector, as well as deficiencies in data sources. Based on our results, we would recommend increasing the development of human resources trained and dedicated to vision rehabilitation and improve data collection and analysis; provide structural enhancements, across all service levels. These considerations may contribute to the enhancement of policy decisions in order to guarantee an adequate vision rehabilitation workforce and meet national rehabilitation needs. Furthermore, this analysis should be used as a lesson learned by other countries, as low-income ones, in order to develop vision rehabilitation services.

Service center in electricity distribution sector with variable peak electricity time: A two-stage queuing model approach with nested simulation

Customer service is essential for any business, significantly impacting customer satisfaction, brand reputation, and reducing associated costs. In the electricity industry, this importance is heightened due to the critical nature of electricity in daily life and growing usage rate of new technologies. Effective customer service in electric distribution companies involves handling a wide range of inquiries, from billing issues to technical support, requiring both remote and on-site assistance. The variability in customer calls, influenced by factors such as peak electricity hours, and different service and customer types, presents unique challenges in designing efficient service centers. This research develops a tailored model for the service center operations of a power distribution company, focusing on optimal staffing levels within budget constraints. A two-stage queuing model is proposed to address the needs of residential and non-residential customers. The study employs nested simulation techniques to account for variability in customer arrival times and peak hours. Key performance indicators (KPIs) are used to evaluate the effectiveness of staffing policies, considering both quantitative and qualitative costs. The study integrates stochastic optimization and ranking and selection methods to identify the best staffing configurations. The findings offer actionable insights for improving customer service efficiency and operational effectiveness in electricity customer service centers.

MOTIVASI LANSIA DALAM MENGIKUTI SEKOLAH LANSIA DI KOTA PEKANBARU

Introduction: An elderly individual has different motivation from each other in attending elderly education program. Good/high motivation encourages elderly individuals to participate in or engage with elderly education program. Elderly education programs are one of the efforts to provide education for older adults. Elderly education programs are an informal education concept designed specifically for older adults. Objective: The purpose of this research is to understand the motivation of elderly individuals in participating in the Al-Ikhwaniyah Elderly Education Program in Delima Village, Bina Widya District, Pekanbaru City. Method : The type of service used is in the form of socialization. Data was collected through questionnaire results with a total of 32 elderly respondents. Results: Evaluation of success was assessed using questionnaires, observation sheets and interviews. The results of the service showed an increase in the average motivation score for elderly people in attending elderly schools, namely from 68.8% to 75%. Conclusion: There was an increase in elderly motivation for attending elderly schools after socialization regarding elderly schools was carried out.

Identification of key areas for Territorial Ecological Restoration: focusing on ecological security and restoration potential

Implementing Territorial Ecological Restoration is a crucial approach to achieving ecological stability and regional sustainable development, and it also serves as an important measure for promoting the coordinated development of socioeconomic and ecological environments in the Yellow River Basin. However, effective identification of key areas for Territorial Ecological Restoration remains challenging in planning ecological restoration projects. This study focuses on ecological security and restoration potential, taking Linxia Prefecture in the ecologically fragile area of the upper Yellow River as an example. By evaluating six types of ecosystem services in this area, utilizing morphological spatial pattern analysis models and circuit theory, we identified the structural elements of ecological security patterns and assessed the potential for ecological restoration, identifying key areas for regional ecological restoration.The findings indicated that (1) 13 ecological patches were identified in total, predominantly distributed in the southwest and central regions of Linxia Prefecture. 25 ecological corridors were identified, demonstrating a high level of spatial coherence in terms of significance and connectivity, establishing a closely integrated ecological security network primarily in the southwest of Linxia Prefecture. (2) Thirteen ecological pinch points and seventeen ecological barrier points have been identified, concentrated in the central and southwestern regions of Linxia Prefecture. (3) Based on the characteristics and urgency of key areas for Territorial Ecological Restoration, they are classified and graded as “point-line-surface” and “primary-very important-important.” The primary restoration areas of the point type are mainly located in the central part of Linxia Prefecture, while the primary restoration areas of the line and plane types are mainly in the southwestern part of Linxia Prefecture. This paper emphasizing a holistic approach that prioritizes ecosystem integrity and social support to guide targeted restoration strategies across various ecological features, ultimately aiming for sustainable regional development and maximizing restoration benefits in ecologically fragile areas.

Managing Visitor Experience in Museums: Aiming Towards Satisfaction Through Edutainment and Perceived Authenticity in Arts and Culture

This paper demonstrates the value of edutainment and authenticity when managing the visitor experience and satisfaction with a service. The study concentrates on the specific type of services that are provided by museums. Drawing on the social cognitive theory, the paper explores the relationship between edutainment (defined as the combination of education and entertainment provided through interactive content) and the three components of the perceived authenticity of museum visitor experience, 1) the museum, 2) the visitor, 3) the materials. Including edutainment and hedonic expectations as antecedents, with satisfaction as an outcome, the paper proposes a new model of perceived authenticity of visitor experience. The model was tested on a sample of 313 museum visitors (in Croatia). The results revealed that edutainment (as a second-order construct) positively influences perceived authenticity. Also, hedonic expectations positively influence one out of three components of perceived authenticity of museum visitor experience, i.e. self-authenticity of the visitor, but there was no influence on the other two components – museum and materials. Finally, perceived authenticity positively influences visitor satisfaction. Our research provides useful insights to museum managers and service managers in general who should consider using edutainment as a strategic approach to managing the visitor experience and satisfaction.

Two-level integrated verification evaluation method based on comprehensive weighted assessment in multiple scenarios

The complexity and diversity brought by the distributed architecture of the new generation electric information collection system have deepened the difficulty of constructing evaluation verification index systems and quality evaluation models. Moreover, the presence of differentiated components has made fair and scientific verification challenging. Therefore, leveraging graph neural networks and siamese networks, a integrated construction quality evaluation system based on comprehensive weighted assessment in multiple scenarios was developed. Firstly, a graph neural network was constructed based on terminal data of the branches electricity usage information collection system and the link topology structure. Subsequently, this network was deployed on the headquarters side to directly acquire terminal data and generate mirror network input from the branches data, enabling real-time acquisition of various system operational indicators. Finally, the similarity between the headquarters and branches data was calculated using siamese networks to compute accuracy compensation weights for checking and evaluating various indicators, thereby obtaining comprehensive weighted quality evaluation indicators of the branches new generation electric information collection system. We use three types of services including electricity data collection, load forecasting, and task scheduling as experimental scenarios. The results showed that the multidimensional comprehensive weighted quality assessment combined with accuracy compensation obtained from the siamese network resulted in business construction quality assessment values of 97.92%, 95.95%, and 99.96% in branch. This value is approximately equal to the quality evaluation value of manual work, so the method can effectively verify the construction quality of new systems in the branch.

Adoption and Utilization of Telemedicine and Digital Health Services among Older Adults in Israel

Abstract Background As the population ages and the prevalence of long-term diseases rises, telecare is being used increasingly frequently to aid elderly people. Aims We aimed to explore the usage and adoption of 3 types of telehealth services among the senior population in Israel- prior, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic rise in Israel. Methods We explored the usage characteristics of older adults (age 65 and above) belonging to ‘Clalit’, in the use of three types of telehealth services: digital services for administrative tasks, synchronous ‘online visits’ with the patient’s personal physician during clinic business hours, and ‘afterhours’ consultations during evenings, nights, and weekends. The data was collected and analyzed throughout three distinct time periods in Israel: before the COVID-19 pandemic, during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and following the COVID-19 ‘peak’. Results Data of 618850 patients who met the inclusion criteria was extracted. Telehealth services utilized for administrative purposes were the most popular. The older population significantly increased their use of all types of telehealth services during the COVID-19 period, and in the majority of types, this usage decreased after the COVID-19 peak, but to a level that was higher than the baseline level prior to the COVID-19 period. Prior to the COVID-19 period, 23.1% of the study population used ‘online visits’, and 2.2% used ‘afterhours’ consultations, at least once. The percentage of usage for these services increased during the COVID-19 period to 59.2% and 5.0%, and then decreased during the third period to 39.5% and 2.4%, respectively (P &amp;lt; 0.001). Multiple patient variables have been found to be associated with the use of the different telehealth services, in each time-period. Conclusions The senior population uses telehealth services, and can increase their consumption, when they are needed. Suitable and straightforward telehealth solutions tailored for this population should be created. Key messages • The senior population uses telehealth services, and can increase their consumption, when they are needed. • Suitable and straightforward telehealth solutions tailored for this population should be created.

Patients’ trust in health information sources as an antecedent of novel healthcare technology usage

Abstract Background As professional health information sources, healthcare maintenance organizations (HMOs) need to convince patients of the necessity, efficiency, and reliability of technology-based services to increase and optimize their usage. It raises the question of whether patients’ trust in health information sources shapes the use of technology-based services and, in return, increases their willingness to use novel healthcare services in the future. Methods Data were collected through an online close-ended survey among 668 adult Israeli citizens insured with Israeli health insurance (85% of them Jewish, 52.5% female, and in their early 40s, with half holding an academic degree). The survey explored actual use and willingness to use innovative healthcare technologies and the trust respondents attributed to various sources of health information. Data were analyzed by SPSS 28. Results Participants generally use healthcare technology primarily to schedule appointments, search for medical information, and make health-related requests. To quite an extent, they are willing to be treated with innovative healthcare technologies (e.g., for radiological purposes and personally tailored medication). Preliminary results suggest that trust in the measured formal health information sources (i.e., formal health providers, HMO, HMO online services) was positively associated with technology-based healthcare services usage (r=.14 - .20, p&amp;lt;.001). A positive association also emerged between the current use of healthcare technology and the willingness to use innovative medical technologies in the future (r=.23, p&amp;lt;.001). Conclusions HMOs, as key players, have the power to maximize the usage of advanced health services by establishing trusting relationships with their patients. This will increase the usage of healthcare technology-based services and generate positive patient experiences, which will result in the willingness to experience novel types of health services in the future. Key messages • Encouraging patients to use technology-based health services will maximize the potential inherent in the use of innovative health services and treatments in the future. • Nurturing trusting relationships with patients at any level in the health system will increase their compliance with health providers’ recommendations to use advanced health services.

Post-ROsc ecG pREdictS Survival after out-of hospital cardiac arrest: validation of the PROGRESS score

Abstract Background Prognostication is crucial for patients with an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) both during resuscitation and after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and early prognostication is still a challenge. At this regard, we proposed the PROGRESS score: a post-ROSC 12-lead ECG features’-based score to predict 30-day survival. Purpose The aim of the present study is to validate the PROGRESS score on a larger population of post-OHCA patients and to test its performance even after correction for patients’ and events’ characteristics, contained in the UB-ROSC score, could increase its discrimination ability. Methods Cardiac arrest cases were retrieved from the Lombardy Cardiac Arrest Registry (LombardiaCARe) from January 2015 to December 2022. We considered only patients with a post-ROSC 12-lead ECG and all the variables for UB-ROSC calculation available. The PROGRESS score considers age, sex, number of segments with ST elevation, QRS width, and Brugada pattern and from 0 to 26 identifies three categories of risk of death at 30 days (low: 0-4; intermediate: 5-7; high: 8-26). The UB-ROSC score considers age, aetiology, location, witnessed OHCA, bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), emergency medical service (EMS) arrival time and type of presenting rhythm. The performance of the PROGRESS score, in terms of discriminatory power of calibration, was tested both alone and after correction for UB-ROSC score. Results We considered 940 OHCAs of whom 63.9% were males with a median age of 70 [59.5-79]. 30-day survival was 37.9%, 63.1% and 64.5% in high, intermediate, and low risk groups respectively. PROGRESS score was shown to discriminate high-risk patients from low-risk ones [HR 1.97 (95% CI 1.42-2.73), p-value &amp;lt;0.001], (Harrel-C= 0.58). After correction for UB-ROSC score both calibration and discrimination improved (Harrel-C = 0.70). Conclusions The PROGRESS score was confirmed to predict the risk of death at 30 days in patients resuscitated from an OHCA and its discriminatory power was increased by correction for the UB-ROSC score. The use of this two scores in the field allows risk stratification during resuscitation manoeuvres and in post-ROSC care, which is essential to guide resource allocation.

Digital strategies of public youth mental health services to raise awareness of their existence

Abstract Background Data from a survey of the first part of the eHealthLit4teen Project show that adolescents in the city of Barcelona (12-16 years old) are not aware of the public youth mental health services (YMHS) available in the city. Considering the intensive use that young people make of digital platforms, YMHS might leverage these channels to raise young people’s awareness of available resources, which would impact on the help-seeking behaviours. The aim of this work is to analyse the social media strategies for the dissemination of public YMHS and emotional well-being services (promoted by the city council and the regional government) in Barcelona. Methods Identification of public YMHS and emotional wellbeing services, and interview on the use of social networks for dissemination with those responsible for the services and communication (March-April 2024). Analysis of the use of persuasive design and behavioural design techniques by the social media profiles of these services and, by way of contrast, the influencers who publish mental health content identified by the adolescents in the previous survey of the Project (March 2023). Results Public YMHS mainly rely on outreach through face-to-face visits to high schools. This format makes it easier for reluctant young people to access formal support, but more difficult for them to seek support because of stigma. In general, public YMHS do not show a clear strategy to disseminate their service on social media, and the information provided confusion between the characteristics of the services offered. Likewise, there is no widespread use of behavioural design or persuasive design techniques in the publications of health services on social media, nor in those of influencers. Conclusions Public YMHS do not make efficient use of the digital platforms that young people use intensively to raise awareness of their existence and increase usage. Key messages • There is no clear digital strategy for communicating public youth mental health services (YMHS), although they recognise that digital platforms can be a good means of dissemination. • YMHS need to be accessible on digital platforms to young people’s adults of reference (especially for younger teens), as they are the ones who seek out online the existence of this type of services.

Mental health benefit uptake of women before and during the perinatal period in Austria

Abstract One in five women may experience a perinatal mental illness (PMI) during pregnancy and up to one year after giving birth, during the so-called perinatal period. Although there is strong evidence that this can have a negative effect on the children’s future health, many mothers do not receive any treatment. To determine whether and what type of mental health services women in Austria claim during the perinatal period, the uptake of five key mental health insurance benefits was analysed using pseudonymised health insurance data from Austria’s largest insurance, ÖGK. In 2017 and 2018, 131,025 ÖGK insured women gave birth, representing 80% of all births in Austria in the two years. Of these women, almost 20% claimed at least one benefit during the perinatal period. Including the year before pregnancy this number increased to 25%. Most often, only one benefit was claimed in only one of the analysed periods (the year before pregnancy, pregnancy, and the year after birth). Psychotherapy was claimed most often, while hospital admissions occurred the least. Further, the youngest (≤ 20 years) and the oldest (≥ 41 years) women claimed benefits more frequently than at other ages. After adjustment for the shorter pregnancy period, benefit uptake was generally highest during pregnancy and lowest after giving birth. Considering the shortage of specialised perinatal mental health services in Austria, the uptake of the five analysed types of services was high and corresponds to international prevalence figures on PMI. The actual number may be even higher, considering the services and the women not covered in the available data. As there is a lack of a perinatal mental health infrastructure and specialised healthcare staff in Austria, this warrants further investigations into the quality of care provided to the women and more training and education concerning mental problems occurring during the perinatal period. Key messages • Around a quarter of women claim mental health benefits during the perinatal period, most often psychotherapy services. • Substantial demand for mental health services during the perinatal period calls for comprehensive infrastructure and quality assessments of available options.

Health economics and services research in symbiosis: STREAMLINEing mental health services in Austria

Abstract Objectives The cost of mental diseases exceeds 4% of GDP in Europe. In Austria, every 5th person lives with mental ill-health (MIH). Ongoing epidemiological, demographic and societal changes increase the need for easily accessible, better integrated and good value services. In STREAMLINE, we combine, harmonize and implement the latest methods in human service mapping and economic costing to optimize future service provision and financing for MIH in Austria. Methods We comprehensively assess the availability, activity and affordability of human services targeting MIH in Vienna within the health and social care, education, labour and justice sectors based on a conceptual mind map. We identify services through extensive literature, document and web searches plus expert consultations. Services are mapped and costed according to the European PECUNIA methods: classification of the main service types using the international DESDE taxonomy of human services; development of Reference Unit Costs using the PECUNIA RUC templates with primary data; validation of the results with secondary data; compilation of a comprehensive multi-sectoral service catalogue; and synthesis for spatial and policy analyses. Results We identified 756 sources, 75% individual organisations, 5% multi-organisations and 20% existing provider lists. 84% relate to health and social care, 10% labour, and 3% education and justice sectors each. 58% deliver care to adults, 37% to children &amp; adolescents, and 5% support carers. Further service mapping and RUCs will be presented. Discussion STREAMLINE pioneers in coordinated public mental health services and economics research at scale. Assessed levels of fragmentation call for better integration, improved transition, reduced spatial inequity and increased support for carers. Results increase the feasibility of service evaluations from a societal perspective. Planned public service atlas facilitates information and access for service users and carers. Funding: WWTF Key messages • New methods for harmonized health services and economics research allow comprehensive information for optimized future mental health service planning and financing. • Assessed levels of fragmentation highlight the need for better integration, improved transition, reduced spatial inequity and increased support for carers.

INTERNAÇÃO POR FRATURA DE FÊMUR NO BRASIL NO PERÍODO DE 2012 A 2022: ANÁLISE DE ACORDO COM A COR DA PELE

OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively analyze the total number of hospitalizations for femoral fractures in the elderly according to regions in Brazil and skin color, from 2012 to 2022. METHODS: Ecological and retrospective time series study that evaluated data on femoral fractures in the elderly, based on data available on the Ministry of Health websites. The following variables were evaluated: Total hospitalizations according to skin color, age group and type of service used. RESULTS: The number of white people was much higher in the private health service. Regarding brown skin color, the north and southeast had more people hospitalized in the public sector. Regarding hospitalization according to age group, all categories had the same behavior, with an increase in the number of hospitalizations as there is an increase in age magnitude. There was an increase in the number of hospitalizations over the years, only between 2019 and 2020, there was a slight decrease, observed especially in people with brown skin. CONCLUSION: There is a discrepancy in the number of hospitalizations for femur fractures in the elderly between Brazilian regions. This study shows that femoral fractures continue to be a health problem present in the Brazilian population, regardless of skin color and that their increasing behavior over the years reflects the aging of the population.

EFEKTIVITAS PROGRAM JAMINAN KESEHATAN NASIONAL (JKN) BPJS KESEHATAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN KUNJUNGAN PASIEN DAN PELAYANAN KESEHATAN DI KLINIK MATA PANDAAN

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the National Health Insurance (JKN) BPJS Kesehatan program in increasing patient visits and health services at Pandan Eye Clinic. The research method used is quantitative with a descriptive and analytical approach. Data was collected through documentation studies, interviews, and observations. The results of the study show that the JKN BPJS Kesehatan program has increased patient visits and the types of health services at Pandaan Eye Clinic. JKN BPJS Kesehatan patients are also satisfied with the health services they receive. In conclusion, the JKN BPJS Kesehatan program has been proven effective in increasing access to and quality of health services at Pandan Eye Clinic.

Implementation of destination principle VAT on service exports in Indonesia: Analysis of PMK-32/PMK.010/2019 based on OECD guidelines

Value Added Tax (VAT) is applied based on two fundamental concepts: the origin principle and the destination principle. Under the origin principle, taxes are levied where goods or services are produced, while under the destination principle, taxes are imposed where the goods or services are consumed. This research focuses on analyzing how the destination principle is implemented in the imposition of VAT on service exports, as governed by Regulation of the Minister of Finance No. 32/PMK.010/2019 regarding the limitations on taxable activities and types of services whose exports are subject to VAT. The OECD International VAT/GST Guidelines are used as a reference in this analysis to reduce distortions in international trade and minimize the risk of differences in tax collection principles between countries. The results of the study show that PMK-32/PMK.010/2019 has implemented the destination principle in accordance with the OECD guidelines, but there are still several challenges in its implementation, especially in ensuring tax neutrality and legal clarity in cross-border transactions. This study provides important insights for policymakers in improving tax regulations to support sustainable and equitable economic growth.

Empowering MetroAccess Service with Nested Decomposition and Service Type Integration

Empowering MetroAccess Service with Nested Decomposition and Service Type Integration

PELATIHAN PEMIKIRAN BERBASIS RISIKO MENGGUNAKAN TEKNOLOGI KOMPUTER UNTUK MENINGKATKAN AKUNTABILITAS KANTOR DISTRIK NAVIGASI PALEMBANG

With its strategic role, the Palembang Navigation District Office has made substantial efforts to improve the quality of its services, particularly by conducting initiatives to develop Standard Operating Procedures for the many types of services it offers. One of the main activities in this series of activities is providing training entitled Risk-Based Thinking - Identifying Risk Aspects in Processes that can support Accounting and Management Information Systems. The author explains to the participants using three methods: the Lecture Method, the Question-and-Answer Method, and the Case Study Discussion Method, all of which are conducted face-to-face and divided into five sessions, beginning with the opening session, material presentation session, illustration session, question and answer session, and closing session. It is hoped that by participating in this training activity, participants will gain a better understanding of the concept and application of risk-based thinking, as well as skills in using various types of tools, techniques and computer technology commonly used in risk management, which will be integrated into the process of developing the new service procedures. According to the results of the post-activity interview, the Head of the Palembang Navigation Office was satisfied with the training results and his team's absorption of the content.

Graft Loss in Pediatric and Young Adult Kidney Transplantation in New Zealand: Who Is at Greatest Risk and When?

Much is reported regarding the detrimental effect of transfer to adult services for adolescent and young adult (AYA) kidney transplant (KT) recipients. However, AYA recipient age independent of time post-KT, and not relating to transfer of care, is also a strong predictor of graft loss. We assessed KT graft survival if experiencing solely pediatric (PO) or adult services (AO) versus transfer from pediatric to adult services (PTA). A retrospective cohort analysis of all first kidney transplant recipients between birth-24 years of age, from 2000 to 2019 in New Zealand. Participant identification and data were obtained via the Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplantation registry. Primary outcome was graft survival stratified by service type. Cox proportional hazard modeling assessed independent risk factors of graft loss. Two hundred forty-four children and AYA with a median follow-up of 7.3 years were included. Graft survival stratified by service provision group was not different. The incidence rate of graft loss was 37, 34, and 45 per 1000 persons per year for PO, PTA, and AO respectively. Crude age-specific graft failure rates were highest for 22-24-year-olds with inferior outcomes starting from age 16, peaking at 24 years. Older adolescence and young adulthood reflect a high-risk period for KT loss. Transfer to adult services was not associated with worse graft survival compared to those experiencing either AO or PO alone. Improved models of care are needed to improve graft survival in this vulnerable population within New Zealand.

Use of School Data Management System (SDMS) For Performance of Students in Twelve Years Basic Education in Rwanda

This paper assessed the use of school data management system in performance of students in twelve years basic education in Musanze District. The Research project aimed to achieve the following objectives: to evaluate the DSMS types of financial services in use for the performance of students of 12YBE; to assess the role of SMS academic evaluation in the performance of students of 12YBE; to show how SDMS helps in school infrastructure management for the performance of students of 12YBE; and to ascertain the effects of SDMS personal identification in the performance of students of 12YBE. The research project employed a descriptive survey design, incorporating both quantitative and qualitative methodologies. The target population was 1,130 respondents projecting in education sector Musanze District. In this Research project 339 respondents were sampled from 1,130 teaching staff. This sample was scientifically determined using an appropriate research project formula. The sample size was determined using Slovin’s formula. Stratified random sampling was implemented, wherein strata were established according to the schools. The primary data were collected using questionnaires elaborated for 339 respondents. For validity, the questionnaire was shared with seasoned research project for their inputs which were taken into consideration before piloting the questionnaire and conducting comprehensive data collection. The data analysis encompassed both quantitative and qualitative methods. Quantitative research project involved precise measurement techniques to yield accurate mathematical outcomes. Data were presented in tables and graphs, and quantitative data were analyzed and interpreted using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. The findings were done for only 330 respondents as 9 questionnaires were not returned. So, the findings from 330 respondents showed that the use of School Data Management Systems (SDMS) in Rwanda’s 12-Year Basic Education system has demonstrated significant potential to enhance educational practices and improve student outcomes. The comprehensive analysis conducted in this Research project reveals strong correlations between SDMS implementation and various facets of student performance, academic evaluation, infrastructure management, and personal identification. Recommendations have been provided to both SDMS users in schools and MINEDUC to optimize SDMS utilization, ensure sustainable implementation, and foster data-driven decision-making.

Подходы в совершенствовании нормативной базы в отношении применения мультифокальных интраокулярных линз при хирургическом лечении катаракты

Ultrasound phacoemulsification with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation is the “gold standard” for cataract treatment. Considering the existing requirements for the quality of vision after surgery, there is an increasing demand from patients for IOL implantation, which provides comfortable vision not only at a long distance, but also at a short one without the use of reading glasses (IOL with multifocal properties). The analysis of the existing regulatory framework regarding the possibility and obligation of using this medical product in the provision of specialized medical care – surgical treatment of cataract within the framework of the state guarantee program shows the possibility of using this consumable material without the obligation of the medical organization to consider the wishes of the patient. The change in the structure of the payment tariff for medical care for patients with cataract in 2023, the reduction in the tariff for providing specialized medical care to patients with uncomplicated forms affected the availability of multifocal IOL for patients without specifying the way to obtain this type of service, which makes it relevant to analyze approaches to improving the regulatory framework regarding the use of multifocal intraocular lenses in cataract surgical treatment. There are unsettled clinical, organizational, and economic issues regarding the use of multifocal intraocular lenses (artificial lenses) in the surgical treatment of cataract. There are various approaches (clinical-organizational, economic, legal, information) to improving the regulatory framework, but the approach of decision makers should be complex based on a comprehensive assessment of the economic, clinical, and technological components. Approaches are only a means to achieve a goal: the development of a multifunctional system of state guarantees in the provision of medical services, rational use of available resources.