Procurement Of Services Research Articles

HANDLING CORPORATE CRIMES IN INDONESIA AMIDST THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Covid-19 Corporate crime is a difficult concept to understand and determine whether the corporation or management is held responsible for a crime. Especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, many aspects should comply with the complicated processes, including law enforcement. This paper aims to analyze corporate crimes handling in Indonesia amidst the pandemic. This is normative legal research with data being collected through a literature study. The results show that a substantial amount of corruption cases are still processed  amidst the pandemic. However, several things need to be adjusted, specifically the Corruption Eradication Commission procedures, by applying the working from home (WFH) approach, conducting trials through video conference if a face-to-face trial is not possible, and issuing the Circular Letter Number 8 of 2020 concerning the Use of Budget for the Procurement of Goods and Services in the Context of the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Handling Acceleration to prevent corruption in corporations. The government must immediately form a legal construction for handling crime, especially those committed by corporations amidst the pandemic. An appropriate legal construction will be able to guarantee the principle of certainty in handling crimes.

Procurement and contract management deficiencies: analysis of state audit reports

State governments obligate trillions of dollars on contracts for needed products and services. These contracts must be in compliance with statutory requirements focused on achieving public policy objectives. However, these objectives are not always achieved and the government risks not receiving the best value for funds expended. State agencies continue to identify deficiencies and monitor their contracts to ensure they meet mission and public policy objectives. The purpose of this research is to analyse contracting deficiencies identified in state auditor reports to determine how they align with type of product and service, contract life cycle phase, and auditability theory component. Based on an analysis of 165 deficiencies, the findings indicate that the majority of deficiencies were aligned with the procurement of professional services and occurred during the acquisition planning, source selection, and contract administration contracting phases. We also found that the contracting deficiencies were aligned with lack of capable processes and in-effective internal controls.

ПРИНЦИПЫ ПОСТРОЕНИЯ ИНТЕГРИРОВАННОЙ СИСТЕМЫ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ РИСКАМИ

The article contains a comprehensive consideration of risk in the context of both possible losses and additional income and bonuses in the system of organizing competitive procurement of insurance services. considers enterprises. The relationship between the source of risk, risk and the consequences of risk in the system of complex dependencies of one factor on several derivatives and vice versa is examined in detail. The author explored the concept of risk appetite in the system of organizing risk management in companies in the financial sector of the economy; consideration of this concept is tied into the context of the development and development of the company’s strategy. To organize the process of managing an organization, taking into account the understanding of the nature and context of risk, the author proposed an integrated risk management system. The tasks that it allows to solve and the basic principles and requirements for its construction are described in detail.

Development of business processes on sustainable procurement based on identification of policy and institutional factors in the LRT TOD apartment project

Sustainable procurement through construction procurement has considerable potential to advance a project's sustainability strategy in which the procurement of products, equipment, machinery, and services is an important aspect, especially in high-rise buildings. One of the main factors is the lack of policies and support from organizations for the proper and precise implementation of sustainable procurement. Currently, there are no structured guidelines for compiling business processes that are in accordance with project conditions in LRT TOD Apartments. The purpose of this research is the development of business processes for sustainable procurement based on identifying policy and institutional factors in the LRT TOD Apartment Project. The method in this study used three procurement experts to validate policy and institutional factors. With the expert's assessment, various factors were obtained on sustainable procurement policies and institutions, which could become the basis for business process development. The results of this study show that the existing procurement business process is improved based on integrating policy and institutional that correlate with each other to develop a sustainable procurement business process model for the LRT TOD apartment project.

Digitization of government contract

The digital development in the Russian Federation is to a large extent reflected in the specific relationship that emerges in the procurement procedure for State and municipal institutions as a result of the contractual system in the area of procurement. The term «procurement» refers to the acquisition of goods, construction or services; it is the process of determining the need of a solvent audience, identifying the supplier (its search and choice), as well as concluding and executing the terms of the contract, whether delivery of the goods, Performance of the work or services required by the terms of the contract. The article provides a brief overview of the process of digitization of the contract system in the procurement section and details the features of the digitization of the public contract, identifies the specific nature of the contract in the context of digitization and identifies its shortcomings, opportunities for the use of smart contract technologies in the conclusion and execution of government contract were considered. Keywords: digital, contract, government contract, smart contract, blockchain, Smart contract, contract system, automation, EIS (also a single information system), electronic information platform, electronic document management system, electronic signature, EPC, electronic document, portal, procurement of goods and services, procurement.

Коррупция в оценках населения

Corruption is often called a disease of power. However, the disease can be mild and very severe: from a runny nose to inoperable oncology. First of all, citizens can help to make an objective diagnosis, and not biased experts or representatives of servile departmental science. A typical example here is the activity of Transparency International (TI), the politicization of the assessments of which on the scale of the Corruption Perception Index does not cause any doubt. Purpose. To establish the importance of corruption in Russia for the lives of its ordinary citizens. Methodology. The methods of online survey (715 Siberian residents were interviewed using two questionnaires), comparative sociology, forensic analytics and statistics were used. Results. Respondents recognize the most socially dangerous manifestations of corruption as corruption manifestations in the field of procurement of goods, works, services (kickbacks) and illegal participation of officials in business activities, the fight against which is practically not conducted. They assess the dynamics of corruption and the prospects for its eradication of corruption mainly negatively. Conclusion. The anti-corruption model in Russia is adequately interpreted in postmodern approaches. In the conditions of modern Russian capitalism, the real fight against corruption is by and large impossible, so it is replaced by the replication of simulacra simulating anti-corruption activities.

Zloupotrebleniya i narusheniya v sfere gosudarstvennyh zakupok: stanovlenie i razvitie sootvetstvuyushchego ugolovnogo zakonodatel'stva

The article deals with the issues of abuse and violations in the field of public procurement of goods, services and works for the needs of authorities. The historical and criminal-legal aspects of the formation and development of the criminal law of Russia on responsibility for these criminal acts are revealed.

Prospects and Challenges of the WFH practices: A case of Zimbabwe Open University

The purpose of this paper was to come up with the prospects and challenges that came up because of the Work From Home (WFH) that was adopted by the institutions of higher and tertiary education in Zimbabwe. WFH practices came up because of the restrictions that were imposed because of COVID- 19 pandemic. The study was done upon the Zimbabwe Open University( ZOU) academic employees. The study made use of the mixed methods methodology. This methodology enabled the researcher to expose both the qualitative and the quantitative aspects of the WFH practice in terms of its use and impact upon service delivery. This study made use of the Explanatory Sequential Research Design. This research design required that quantitative data be collected and analysed followed by qualitative data collection and analysis. Thus, the researcher had to explain the quantitative data through the qualitative data. Purposive sampling was utilised to enable the selection of participants with required information. The target population were the employees and stakeholders at one of the universities in Zimbabwe. The Zimbabwe Open university was purposively chosen since there were lecturers who were on the WFH contracts. As part of the target population were the 80 lecturers on the WFH programme and administration staff members. The questionnaires were distributed online using the ZOU groups staff emails. The quantitative data was collected using questionnaires. The participants included some qualitative data on the open-ended questions upon the questionnaires. The quantitative data was collected in tables and clustered column charts were obtained from the collected data. The qualitative data was synchronised with the quantitative data and comments were produced on the prospects and challenges of the WFH practices.The findings of the study: educators need funding for procurement of best network services & ICT infrastructure, lecturers lack data bundles, there is poor internet connectivity in Zimbabwe. Lecturers on WFH are happy with the new normal ( WFH). Lastly the WFH practices improve the service delivery of institutions of learning.

МОДЕЛИ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ РИСКАМИ В ЗАКУПОЧНЫХ ПРОЦЕДУРАХ

The article is devoted to the construction of an effective risk management model during procurement procedures both within the framework of Law No. 44-FZ, Law No. 223-FZ, and commercial procurement. The article discusses changes in the classical risk model in conditions when insurance services are purchased. In order to reduce the risks of customers, a step-by-step scheme for selecting a supplier of goods, works, and services is proposed, which allows you to adjust the input parameters of the requirements for potential contractors. The work examines in detail the current methods for generating risk profiles and describes their main advantages and disadvantages. In the course of the article, a hybrid model of risk management in the procurement of goods, works and services is proposed and described in detail, which makes it possible to implement in practice a model of an intelligent risk management system with the possibility of permanently adjusting the list of criteria for assessing customers.

Determinants of Conformance to Requirements in Procurement by Nigerian Federal Ministries, Departments, and Agencies (MDAs) in Post-Procurement Reform Periods in Nigeria

The quality of goods, works and Services procured by Federal Government Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDAs) in post-reform periods in Nigeria has been a topic of concern since the implementation of procurement reforms. This study examined the impact of quality compliance on procurement outcomes, including the factors affecting quality procurement, the challenges of enforcing compliance, the level of awareness and compliance, and the effectiveness of eProcurement. Data was collected using a 5-point Likert scale, and ANOVA was performed to identify any relationships between the variables. The results revealed that the factors affecting quality procurement had a significant impact, with a high F-ratio and probability, indicating that they play a crucial role in determining procurement outcomes. The challenges of enforcing quality compliance had a lower F-ratio and probability, suggesting that enforcement did not significantly impact compliance. The level of awareness and compliance had a moderate F-ratio and probability, indicating the need for further collaboration between different stakeholders to enhance compliance. The effectiveness of eProcurement also had a moderate F-ratio and probability, which suggests that more attention should be given to the optimization of eProcurement systems to improve procurement outcomes. The impact of quality compliance as an independent variable showed that it significantly affects the procurement of goods, services, and works, indicating the importance of prioritizing compliance in procurement reforms. Overall, these findings highlight the need for continuous monitoring and improvement of procurement processes in Nigeria’s MDAs to ensure quality outcomes and compliance.

НЕДОБРОСОВЕСТНЫЙ ЗАКАЗЧИК КАК ЭЛЕМЕНТ РИСКОВ ВНЕШНЕЙ СРЕДЫ ДЛЯ ИСПОЛНИТЕЛЯ

The article defines the concept of an unscrupulous customer. The main forms of manifestation of dishonesty on the part of the customer in relation to the executor of the state, municipal or commercial contract are determined. The options for misleading the executor of the state contract for the provision of insurance services are analyzed in detail. Proposed ways to improve the efficiency of procurement such as digitalization and public discussion of the terms of state and municipal contracts for the provision of financial services. The main problems associated with the open opportunity to contact the customer for clarification of the provisions of the ongoing public procurement of services for insuring the property interests of the customer are considered. Separately, the article considers the actual Russian problem of abuse of the right by customers and its possible forms of manifestation.

The bid generation problem in combinatorial auctions for transportation service procurement

In this work, a probabilistic bid generation problem with the pricing of a bundle of lanes and carrier’s vehicle routing is considered as it is an importation in transportation service procurement. Depending on the network of the vehicle, there exist multiple lanes for traveling between two locations. To solve the bid generation problem efficiently, a two-phase method approach is presented. At the core of the procedure a feasible vehicle routing problem on a multidigraph is solved by an exhaustive search algorithm to enumerate all routes concerning routing constraints and treat each route as a decision variable in the set partitioning formulation. We examine our model both analytically and empirically using a simulation-based analysis.

An efficient multi-attribute multi-item auction mechanism with ex-ante and ex-post satisfaction for 4PL transportation service procurement

Reverse auction is an effective tool for a 4PL to purchase transportation services. This paper investigated a new transportation services procurement problem for 4PL, which involves three features: the 4PL’s loss-averse behavior, price and non-price attributes, and multiple transportation requests. An efficient multi-attribute multi-item reverse auction mechanism considering the 4PL ex-ante and ex-post satisfaction (EES-MMRA) is proposed to purchase transportation services for the 4PL. In the EES-MMRA, integrating the allocation rule with the 4PL ex-ante satisfaction, a 0-1 programming model is constructed to determine winning 3PLs and obtain efficient allocations. Then, a payment rule considering the 4PL ex-post satisfaction is established to ensure truthful bidding of 3PLs. And we discuss some desirable properties (e.g., incentive compatibility, individual rationality, efficiency, and budget balance properties) to justify the EES-MMRA mechanism, subsequently. Next, several numerical experiments are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness and applicability of the EES-MMRA mechanism. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis presents the influences of the weights of the non-price attributes, risk attitude coefficients, and loss aversion coefficients. Finally, we conduct comparison analysis to show the advantages of the EES-MMRA mechanism over the known Vickrey–Clark–Groves (P-VCG) mechanism.

A Simulation of Market-based Non-frequency Ancillary Service Procurement Based on Demand Flexibility

A Simulation of Market-based Non-frequency Ancillary Service Procurement Based on Demand Flexibility

Two-stage stochastic nonlinear winner determination for logistics service procurement auctions under quantity discounts

Quantity discount is a frequently adopted scheme that has not been explicitly investigated in logistics service procurement auctions. This paper focuses on a revised winner determination problem under quantity discounts and demand uncertainty for a fourth-party logistics (4PL) provider in a combinatorial reverse auction. To characterize our research problem, a two-stage stochastic nonlinear programming model is constructed. Inspired by the idea of sample average approximation (SAA), the nonlinear model is reformulated as a deterministic mixed integer linear programming model by using a linearization technique with superior expressions. Since the reformulation has a large number of decision variables and constraints, we integrate SAA with a dual decomposition Lagrangian relaxation technique (DDLR) to develop a solution method called SAA-DDLR. Numerical experiments are conducted to illustrate the effectiveness and applicability of our model and method. Sensitivity analysis reveals that both the 4PL and 3PLs can benefit from the quantity discount scheme. Managerial insights are drawn for the 4PL to run a cost-effective logistics system in the presence of quantity discounts.

Combinatorial-Based Auction for the Transportation Procurement: An Optimization-Oriented Review

This paper conducts a literature review on freight transport service procurements (FTSP) and explores the application of combinatorial auctions (CAs) mechanism and the mathematical modeling approach of the associated problems. It provides an overview of modeling the problems and their solution strategies. The results demonstrate that there has been limited scholarly attention to sustainable issues, risk mitigation and the stochastic nature of parameters. Finally, several promising future directions for FTSP research have been proposed, including FTSP for green orientation in the context of carbon reduction, shipper’s reputation, carrier collaboration for bid generation, etc.

Transportation Service Procurement Auctions in Cyber-Physical Internet

This study is the first to propose auction models for transportation service procurement (TSP) in Cyber-Physical Internet (CPI). In the TSP problem, shippers are the service buyers who generate a large number of orders, and carriers are the service sellers who can deliver these orders. CPI is a novel concept aiming to completely alter freight transportation to develop a new generation of global logistics network (GLN). The introduction of CPI prompts the rethinking of several TSP basic issues, such as route planning, service mode selection, and real-time pricing based on spatial-temporal information sharing in CPI. Therefore, we first detail two key components of CPI, i.e., the router and the routing table and then describe the GLN in CPI through a typical example. We further establish a one-sided Vickrey-Clarke-Groves (O-VCG) online reverse auction mechanism to maximize social welfare. This auction mechanism is built to make decisions according to multidimensional information provided by the routing table about the transport services. Moreover, we further analyze the four important attributes of the auction mechanism, including allocative efficiency, incentive compatibility, individual rationality and budget balance. We finally conclude with critical challenges and future research directions, including potential TSP auctions in CPI and the applicability of the underlying model to general logistics systems based on spatial-temporal considerations.

Myth or reality? The Digitalization of Climate-Smart Agriculture (DCSA) practices in smallholding agriculture in the Bono East Region of Ghana

Digitalization of Climate-Smart Agriculture practices leverages the power of digital agriculture tools/services (DATs) of any form (hardware, software, or data) in Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) practices to promote enhanced adaptation, GHGs emissions mitigation and increase productivity for smallholding agriculture. This research used a mixture of participatory and learning approaches with an emphasis on Expert Interviews and a Large-scale Household Survey involving 1219 farmers in the Bono East of Ghana to assess the awareness and utilization of DATs in smallholder farmers' CSA practices. Precisely, we assess farmers' engagement with Digital Agriculture Services (DAS) and DAT such as; TVs, Radios, Mobile phones/Tablets, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV)/Drones, Soil Sensor, Moisture Meters, Rain Gauges, Farm Management Software, Smartphone Applications, and Field Thermometers. The research suggests that the ubiquity of TVs, Radios, and feature phones in rural communities makes these tools the most used devices in farmers' climate-smart practices. However, the level of awareness, availability, accessibility, and utilization of complex tools such as UAVs and simpler tools such as soil sensors, moisture meters, field thermometers, rain gauges, smartphone applications (Facebook, WhatsApp, Twitter, etc.), and farm management software is minimal among rural farmers.The DAS facilitating farmers' climate-smart practices is limited to Digital Agroadvisory Purposes (digital extension), Agri-Digital Finance, and Digital Procurement services, while engagement with other DAS, such as Agri E-Commerce which facilitates most CSA Institution/Market Smart practice, is non-existing in rural communities. In addition, the Digitalization of Climate-Smart Agriculture, in its present form, is only limited to a few CSA practices and DATs engagement among smallholders owing to unmet training and information needs for most Climate-Smart Agriculture practices and interventions. Challenges such as DATs' unavailability, inaccessibility, high cost, high (digital)illiteracy, and inadequate extension support for the digitalization of CSA practices limit uptake. The study proposes increased capacity building for smallholders on CSA practice and interventions. Likewise, a strong public–private partnership across multiple scales is needed to stimulate needed investment to enhance farmers' access to affordable, easy-to-use, and tailor-made DATs while recognizing the power dependence and inequalities these digital tools may unleash in rural communities. Finally, increasing sensitization on DAT's use and benefits in rural communities and the larger population is critical to enhancing the widespread Digitalization of Climate-Smart Agriculture practices in smallholding agriculture.

Users’ Perception Regarding the Effect of E-Procurement Practice on Customer Satisfaction in Public Procurement in Tanzania

E-procurement is a technological system that was introduced for the purpose of increasing efficiency in procurement. Following emergent of this new technology people within the organization (users) had some expectations regarding performance improvement in procurement as compared to the old manual procurement system. In this view, this study aimed at examining users’ perception on the effect of e-procurement practice on customer satisfaction in public procurement. The study adopted explanatory sequential mixed method involving both quantitative and qualitative data that were collected in two different phases. The population of study included user staff working in five selected procuring entities whereby questionnaires were used to collect quantitative data from respondents who were approached by using simple random sampling technique. Also, interview guide was used to collect qualitative data from Heads of Departments whereby the obtained data were analyzed by using content analysis. In order to determine user’s satisfaction on procurement service delivery, data were analyzed in two steps: first, the mean difference between perception and expectation of customers was computed (P-E). The obtained value was divided by total number of items to get index score for each service quality dimension. Then, the index score was divided by the five service quality dimensions to get the overall index score. Second, Binary Logistics Regression Model was applied to estimate the effect of independent variable (Tangibility, Responsiveness, Reliability, Empathy and Assurance) on dependent variable (customer satisfaction). The study concluded that there is a significant relationship between use of e-procurement and increase in customer satisfaction in procurement. Therefore, it is recommended that chief executive officers in public organizations should take e-procurement as a solution to improve service delivery to their customers.

The Influence of the National E-Procurement System on Employees’ Performance in Selected Public Institutions in Tanzania

The study assessed the influence of the Tanzania National E-Procurement System (TANePS) on employees’ performance in the selected public institutions in Tanzania. Specifically, we investigated the extent to which TANePS is being adopted, and its influence on employee performance at the following institutions: Government Procurement Services Agency (GPSA), and the Public Procurement Regulatory Authority (PPRA). We conducted a self administered questionnaire survey to 200 employees at the selected institutions, with a rate of return of 66 per cent. The study found that most respondents (84%, n=168) frequently completed their daily tasks easily by using TANePS. In particular, most of the respondents frequently used TANePS for e-tendering, and e-payment, while user registration and e-contract management had low use. On factors enabling adoption of TANEPS, the software design had a positive impact on the IT readiness (b=0.696, p=0.042). Management policies negatively affected internal resistance (b= -0.517, p=0.002), and internal resistance negatively affected adoption of TANePS (b= -0.506, p=0.002). At the same time, two factors (i.e., management policies (b= 0.649, p=0.002) and IT-readiness (b= 474, p=0.002)) had a positive effect on adoption of TANePS. Consequently, adoption of TANePS had a positive effect on the effective procurement (b=0.674, p=0.007), and the reduction of imperfections (b=0.721, p=0.001). The study further found that the use of TANePS led to better performance (p>0.045 [F (2, 183=26.737, p=0.045]), increased accuracy of production capacity (p>0.045 [F (2, 183=3.190, p=0.045]), and shortened process cycle times (p>0.024 [F (2, 183=17.347, p=0.024]). The study recommends that government procurement authorities and public institutions in Tanzania and other countries of similar environment should ensure that an e-procurement system is designed based on user needs; there are supportive management policies, there is a regular system review and maintenance, adequate technical user support and training, user friendly software design, a secure system, and stable network. These suggestions will increase the number of bidders and enhance stiff and fair competition among them.