Serum Uric Acid Quartiles Research Articles

Serum Uric Acid Is Associated with the Progression of Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction in Apparently Healthy Subjects.

Background Left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) is the defining feature of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and predicts subsequent incident heart failure (HF) and all-cause mortality. Mounting evidence reveals that cardiometabolic risk factors play critical roles in the development of LVDD. In this study, we sought to investigate the relation between serum uric acid (SUA) level and the progression of LVDD in apparently healthy patients. Methods A total of 1082 apparently healthy subjects without diagnosed cardiovascular disease and LVDD were consecutively enrolled. SUA levels were measured, and repeat echocardiography and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) were performed at baseline and during 1-year follow-up. Results By dividing the study population based on quartiles of SUA, we found subjects in higher quartiles had greater increases in TDI-derived early diastolic velocity (e′) and E (peak LV filling velocity)/e′ ratios during 1-year follow-up. After multivariate adjustment, high SUA persisted to be an independent predictor for the subsequent worsening of LVDD (odds ratio: 1.351 [95% CI 1.125~1.625], per 100 μmol/L SUA). Subgroup analysis suggested that the association between SUA and LVDD development was more pronounced in subjects without other cardiometabolic risk factors involved. Factor analysis demonstrated that high SUA was the major cardiometabolic attribute in patients with LVDD progression. Conclusion Our findings suggest that high SUA is an independent cardiometabolic risk factor for the progression of LVDD in apparently healthy subjects.

Sex Difference in the Associations among Hyperuricemia with New-Onset Chronic Kidney Disease in a Large Taiwanese Population Follow-Up Study.

The global prevalence and incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) continue to increase. Whether hyperuricemia is an independent risk factor for renal progression and whether there are sex differences in the relationships between serum uric acid (UA) and a decline in renal function are unclear. Therefore, in this longitudinal study, we aimed to explore these relationships in a large cohort of around 27,000 Taiwanese participants in the Taiwan Biobank (TWB), and also to identify serum UA cutoff levels in men and women to predict new-onset CKD. A total of 26,942 participants with a median 4 years of complete follow-up data were enrolled from the TWB. We excluded those with CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m2) at baseline (n = 297), and the remaining 26,645 participants (males: 9356; females: 17,289) were analyzed. The participants who developed CKD during follow-up were defined as having incident new-onset CKD, and those with a serum UA level >7 mg/dL in males and >6 mg/dL in females were classified as having hyperuricemia. After multivariable analysis, hyperuricemia (odds ratio [OR], 2.541; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.970–3.276; p < 0.001) was significantly associated with new-onset CKD. Furthermore, in the male participants (n = 9356), hyperuricemia (OR, 1.989; 95% CI, 1.440–2.747; p < 0.001), and quartile 4 of UA (vs. quartile 1; OR, 2.279; 95% CI, 1.464–3.547; p < 0.001) were significantly associated with new-onset CKD, while in the female participants (n = 17,289), hyperuricemia (OR, 3.813; 95% CI, 2.500–5.815; p < 0.001), quartile 3 of UA (vs. quartile 1; OR, 3.741; 95% CI, 1.250–11.915; p = 0.018), and quartile 4 of UA (vs. quartile 1; OR, 12.114; 95% CI, 14.278–34.305; p < 0.001) were significantly associated with new-onset CKD. There were significant interactions between hyperuricemia and sex (p = 0.024), and quartiles of serum UA and sex (p = 0.010) on new-onset CKD. Hyperuricemia was associated with new-onset CKD in the enrolled participants, and the interactions between hyperuricemia and sex were statistically significant. Hyperuricemia was more strongly associated with new-onset CKD in the women than in the men.

The Additive Values of the Classification of Higher Serum Uric Acid Levels as a Diagnostic Criteria for Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease.

Serum uric acid (SUA) is regarded as an independent risk factor for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the role of SUA in the new diagnosis flowchart of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) remains unclear. A cross-sectional study enrolled consecutive individuals with ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging–based proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF) measurements in the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from January 2015 to December 2021. All patients were divided into four groups according to their baseline SUA levels and sex. Of the 3537 ultrasound-diagnosed and 1017 MRI-PDFF-diagnosed MAFLD patients included, the prevalence of severe steatosis determined with ultrasound or MRI-PDFF increased across the serum SUA quartiles. The SUA cutoffs were identified as ≥478 µmol/L and ≥423.5 µmol/L for severe steatosis in male and female MAFLD, respectively. Furthermore, using these cutoff values, patients with higher SUA levels in the NAFLD–non-MAFLD group had higher liver fat contents than those without (16.0% vs. 9.7%, p < 0.001). The lean/normal-weight NAFLD–non-MAFLD patients with higher SUA levels are still at high risk of severe steatosis. This study supports the rationale for SUA being established as another risk factor for metabolic dysfunctions in lean/normal-weight MAFLD.

Serum uric acid levels and the risk of diabetes mellitus in premenopausal and postmenopausal women: the Suita study.

The association between serum uric acid levels and the risk of diabetes mellitus in women stratified by menopausal status is not well-established. Therefore, we investigated this association among a cohort of Japanese urban women. We conducted a prospective cohort study on 3,304 women (1,252 premenopausal and 2,052 postmenopausal), aged 30 to 79 years, with no prior cardiovascular disease or diabetes mellitus, and enrolled from a general urban population. Cox proportional hazard model was used to calculate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for incident diabetes mellitus according to serum uric acid quartiles. During 13.8 years of median follow-up, 219 incident diabetes mellitus cases were diagnosed. The incidence rate per 1,000 person-years was 3.42 in premenopausal women and 6.19 in postmenopausal women. After adjustment for potential risk factors, the multivariable hazard ratios (95% CIs) of the highest versus lowest serum uric acid quartiles were 1.56 (0.77-3.16) in premenopausal women, 2.00 (1.19-3.34) in postmenopausal women, and 1.81 (1.21-2.73) in all women. The interaction based on menopausal status was not significant ( P = 0.872). The corresponding population attributable fractions (95% CIs) were 13.3% (-8.9% to 31.1%), 19.1% (5.3%-30.9%), and 17.0% (5.6%-27.0%), respectively. Serum uric acid levels were positively associated with the risk of diabetes mellitus in postmenopausal women, but not in premenopausal women. However, the lack of an association in premenopausal women may have been due to limited power, so further research is required to confirm this menopausal status-specific association.

Assocıatıon of serum urıc acıd level wıth dısease severıty and clınıcal outcomes ın COVID-19

Abstract. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is likely to cause uric acid dysregulation, resulting in abnormal serum uric acid concentrations. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the associations between admission serum uric acid levels and demographic, clinical and laboratory features of patients hospitalized with Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) and to explore the effect of admission serum uric acid values on clinical outcomes.&#x0D; Methods. In this retrospective study, the demographic, clinical and laboratory data of patients with confirmed Covid-19 were collected from the electronic health records of the hospital. The study population was stratified according to the quartiles of serum uric acid; Quartile 1: ≤ 3.5 mg/dl, Quartile 2: 3.6 mg/dl to 6 mg/dl for women and 3.5 mg/dl to 7 mg/dl for men, Quartile 3: ≥ 6 mg/dl for women and ≥ 7 mg/dl for men. The outcomes were the development of acute kidney injury (AKI) and in-hospital mortality.&#x0D; Results. 146 patients were included in the analysis. The median age of patients was 57 (IQR, 49-65) years and 70.5% were male. The overall median serum uric acid level on admission was 4.4 (IQR, 3.5-5.9) mg/dl. Participants in the highest serum uric acid quartile were significantly more hypertensive, and diabetics and showed significantly higher estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and troponin T levels compared to patients in the lowest serum uric acid quartile. On the other hand; patients in the lowest serum uric acid quartile were admitted with more severe disease than patients with Quartile 2. During follow-up, 19 (13.1%) participants experienced AKI and 15 (10.3%) died. There were significantly positive correlations between AKI and age, hypertension, serum creatinine (SCr), hyperuricemia, C-reactive protein (CRP) and Troponin T (r=0.263, P=0.001; r=0.192, P=0.02; r=0.182, P=0.028; r=0.235, P = 0.004; r=0.219, P=0.008; r=0.236, P=0.004, respectively). A significantly negative correlation was noted between AKI and eGFR (r=-0.189, P=0.023). According to multivariate logistic regression analysis, AKI development was independently associated with CRP and hyperuricemia (OR, 1.009; 95% CI, 1.0082-1.016, P=0.009 and OR, 4.314; 95% CI, 1.190-15.633, P=0.026). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of the concentration of serum admission uric acid was 0.693 (95% CI 0.537–0.849, P=0.006) and the cutoff value was 5.45 mg/dl (sensitivity: 68.4%; specificity: 75.6%).&#x0D; Conclusions. Hyperuricemia and increased CRP were independent risk factors for the development of AKI. Although patients with lower uric acid values developed more severe symptoms, mechanical ventilation and mortality rates were not found to be significantly different among patients with Covid-19 grouped based on admission serum uric values. Following the patients admitted with high uric acid levels closely in terms of renal functions would be helpful for early detection of AKI.

Conjunctional Relationship between Serum Uric Acid and Serum Nickel with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Men: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Serum uric acid (SUA) and heavy metals are closely related to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Yet, the conjunctional relationship between SUA and serum nickel (Ni) concentrations with the risk of NAFLD in men has not yet been investigated. Therefore, we designed this cross-sectional study to investigate the association of SUA or serum Ni with NAFLD in men. The cross-sectional study was based on data obtained from a prospective cohort study of common chronic non-communicable diseases in Central China, conducted in Xinxiang city, Central China’s Henan Province, between April and June 2017. A total of 1709 male participants completed the physical examination. B-ultrasound was used to examine the liver and to diagnose NAFLD. Binary logistic regression models and restricted cubic splines were performed to estimate the association of the SUA and serum Ni with NAFLD. The prevalence of NAFLD among 1709 male participants was 46.6%. After adjusting for potential confounders, with the highest quartile compared to those with the lowest quartile, SUA (OR = 1.579, 95% CI: 1.140–2.189) and serum Ni (OR = 1.896, 95% CI: 1.372–2.625) were associated with NAFLD, respectively. At the same time, the associations for the second and third SUA quartiles were null. Restricted cubic splines showed a positive linear relationship between serum Ni (ln-transformed) and NAFLD risk. Intriguingly, high SUA and high Ni (OR = 2.370, 95% CI: 1.577–3.597) increased the risk of NAFLD, compared with those with low SUA and low Ni. Our findings demonstrate a positive linear trend between serum Ni concentrations and NAFLD risk. Men with elevated serum Ni had a higher risk of developing NAFLD when compared to those with high SUA. Furthermore, the conjunctional relationship of SUA and serum Ni with NAFLD risk was observed in men.

Association of Serum Uric Acid With Retinal Capillary Plexus.

BackgroundTo determine the association between serum uric acid (SUA) and the retinal capillary plexus (RCP) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).MethodsThis cross-sectional study evaluated data from August 2019 to January 2020 from participants recruited from the Jidong community (Tangshan, Hebei, China). All participants completed detailed anthropometrical measurements, laboratory tests and comprehensive ophthalmic examinations. We assessed the vessel density in RCP using OCTA. We used multivariable analysis to evaluate the sex-specific association between SUA and RCP after adjusting for confounders.ResultsA total of 2730 participants were included in this study. The mean age of the participants was 44.0 ± 11.6 years, and 1463 (53.6%) were women. The multivariable βs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of superficial RCP vessel density in the second through fourth SUA quartiles compared with the lowest SUA quartiles were -0.27 (-0.56 – 0.03), -0.30 (-0.60 – 0.01), and -0.46 (-0.78 – -0.14) (P for trend = 0.007) in men.ConclusionsHigher SUA levels were significantly associated with lower RCP vessel density in men. Our findings provide evidence for the detrimental effect of high SUA levels on the retinal microvasculature and imply the importance of modulating SUA to prevent the microvascular alternation especially for men.

IDF21-0282 Association between Serum Uric Acid and Renal Outcome in Patients with Biopsy-confirmed Diabetic Nephropathy

Background: It is well established that diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the first cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in developed and developing countries. Serum uric acid (SUA) level has been widely recognized as a risk factor for DN development because oxidants are produced that can play a key role in renal injury during UA synthesis. Recently, a randomized, controlled trial (RCT) showed that in Multi-ethnic patients with a high risk of progression and stage 3-4 CKD in Australia and New Zealand, SUA lowering treatment using allopurinol could not significantly attenuate the drop of eGFR as compared with placebo, which is somewhat intriguing. Therefore, the association between SUA and renal outcome in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and DN patients remains to be elucidated in more detail. Aim: To investigate the relationship between SUA level and renal outcome in patients with T2DM and diabetic nephropathy (DN). Method: A total of 393 Chinese patients with T2DM and biopsy-proven DN and followed at least one year were enrolled in this study. Patients were stratified by the quartiles of baseline level of SUA: Q1 group286.02± 46.66 μmol/L (n=98); Q2 group: 358.23±14.03 μmol/L (n=99); Q3 group: 405.50±14.59 μmol/L (n=98) and Q4 group: 499.14±56.97 μmol/L (n=98). Renal outcome was defined by progression to end stage renal disease (ESRD). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards model were used to analyze the association between SUA quartiles and the renal outcomes. Results: During the median 3-year follow-up period, there were 173 ESRD outcome events (44.02%) during follow-up. No significant difference among SUA level the risk of progression of DN (P=0.747) was shown in the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. In multivariable-adjusted model, HRs for developing ESRD were 1.364(0.621-2.992; p=0.439), 1.518(0.768-3.002; p=0.230) and 1.411(0.706-2.821; p=0.330) for the Q2, Q3 and Q4, respectively, in comparison with the Q1 (P=0.652). Discussion: No significant association between SUA level and renal outcome of ESRD in Chinese patients with T2DM and DN was found in our study. Besides, the role of uric acid-lowering therapy in delaying DN progression and improve ESRD outcome had not yet been proven. Further study was needed to clarify the renal benefit of the uric acid-lowering therapy in the treatment of DN.

The Association between Baseline, Changes in Uric Acid, and Renal Failure in the Elderly Chinese Individuals: A Prospective Study with a 3-Year Follow-Up.

Objective The objective is to find whether serum uric acid (SUA) levels are associated with the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains uncertain, and follow-up data among the elderly population are relatively lacking, especially in China. The aim of the present study was to reveal the association between baseline SUA levels, changes in SUA levels, and renal failure in Chinese elderly adults. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, 425 subjects (age range 71–100 years) were analyzed and divided into quartiles based on baseline SUA levels (Q1: <4.8; Q2: <5.7; Q3: <6.5; and Q4: ≥6.5 mg/dl). CKD was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2. We used multiple linear and logistic regressions to compare the risk of renal dysfunction among the different SUA level groups. Results The prevalence of hyperuricemia was 24.24% in the elderly subjects. In the multivariable analysis, the odds ratio (OR) for the development of CKD increased with the increase in SUA quartiles at baseline (1.00 vs. 1.79 (95% CI, 1.00–3.22), 3.4 (95% CI, 1.79–6.47), and 6.79 (95% CI, 3.45–13.75), respectively; P for linear trend <0.001), and a per unit increase in baseline SUA levels gave an OR of 1.76 (95% CI, 1.45–2.14) for renal failure. At the same time, a change in SUA levels had a stronger inverse correlation with a change in eGFR in females (r = −0.318, P < 0.001) than in males (r = −0.187, P < 0.01). In a linear regression analysis, a 1 mg/dl increase in SUA levels was associated with an additional 1.25 (95% CI, −1.83 to −0.67) ml/min/1.73 m2 decrease in eGFR over a 3-year period. Conclusion Elevated baseline SUA levels and changes in SUA levels were associated with a decline in eGFR and an increased risk of CKD in an elderly Chinese population.

Which Clusters of Metabolic Syndrome Are the Most Associated with Serum Uric Acid?

Background and Objectives: Metabolic syndrome is defined as three or more of five components; therefore, there are 16 possible different clusters of metabolic risk factors that are under one diagnosis of metabolic syndrome. In this study, we evaluated the different clusters of metabolic syndrome (MetS) across serum uric acid (SUA) quartiles and analyzed the association of these clusters with SUA levels, respectively, in both men and women. Materials and Methods: A total of 606 subjects were recruited to a cross-sectional study from the ongoing Lithuanian High Cardiovascular Risk primary prevention program (LitHiR). All of the study subjects were diagnosed with MetS (according to the 2005 National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III MetS definition). Results: In the middle-aged population of patients with MetS living in Lithuania, a high proportion of hyperuricaemia was detected—35.5% (95% Cl 31.7% to 39.4%). For women possessing all five MetS components, the chances of having hyperuricaemia are 2.807 higher than for women with three risk factors (p < 0.001). However, men do not have a statistically significantly higher chance of having hyperuricaemia, depending on the number of MetS components in our population. Using multivariable models, the statistically significant chance of having hyperuricaemia was observed only in women possessing all five MetS components (OR = 2.386, p < 0.0001), compared to any other of 15 MetS clusters. After adjustment for age and sex, the chance of having hyperuricaemia for individuals with the cluster of all five MetS components, compared to any other of 15 MetS clusters, remained (OR = 1.982, p = 0.001). Also, a lower probability (OR = 0.653, p = 0.039) of having hyperuricaemia was observed for individuals having the combination of abnormal plasma glucose, blood pressure, and waist circumference. Conclusions: Patients with the clustering of all five metabolic syndrome components are at higher risk for having hyperuricaemia than patients with any other combination of MetS clusters. This risk is even higher for women. It could be beneficial for patients presented with all five MetS components to be screened for SUA concentration in the primary CVD prevention program.

Serum uric acid concentration is associated with hyperhomocysteinemia in hypertensive Chinese adults.

This study is to investigate the correlation between serum uric acid levels and hyperhomocysteinemia Chinese adult patients with hypertension. We enrolled 981 hypertensive patients, including unmedicated hypertensives, in our study. There were 453 patients with hyperhomocysteinemia (hyperhomocysteinemia hypertension group) and 528 without it (ordinary hypertension group). We collected histories of coronary heart disease, diabetes, and smoking and tested patients' BMI, blood pressure, fasting serum uric acid, serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, serum creatinine, and homocysteine. Subjects were stratified into four groups according to their serum uric acid quartiles: Q1 group, 249 cases (≤268 μmol/L); Q2 group, 245 cases (269-322 μmol/L); Q3 group, 244 cases (323-378 μmol/L); and Q4 group, 243 cases (≥379 μmol/L). We employ logistic regression analysis to investigate the relationship between serum uric acid levels and the risk of hyperhomocysteinemia in patients with hypertension. We find that there were significant differences in gender distribution, serum uric acid, BMI, serum creatinine, total cholesterol, and diastolic blood pressure between the two groups (P < 0.05). The prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia in groups Q1 through Q4 was 26.91% (67/249), 45.31% (111/245), 47.01% (117/244), and 65.02% (158/243), respectively, after adjusting for relevant factors, we find that the risk of hyperhomocysteinemia in the Q4 group was significantly higher than that in the Q1 group (odds ratio = 3.00, 95% confidence interval: 1.83-4.93). We find evidence that an elevated serum uric acid level is an independent indicator for hyperhomocysteinemia in patients with hypertension.

Mediating Effect of Body Mass Index and Dyslipidemia on the Relation of Uric Acid and Type 2 Diabetes: Results From China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study.

ObjectiveThis study assessed temporal relationships of serum uric acid (SUA) with blood glucose and determine the mediating effects of body mass index (BMI) and dyslipidemia on the relation of SUA and risk of type 2 diabetes.MethodsParticipants aged ≥ 45 years were participated in 2011 and followed up until 2015. Cox proportional hazards regression with a robust variance estimator was performed to explore the association of SUA with the risk of diabetes, and crosslagged path analysis was introduced to examine the temporal relationships between SUA and blood glucose. A mediation analysis was finally used to identify the mediating effect of BMI and dyslipidemia on the relation of SUA and the future risk of diabetes.ResultsA total of 9,020 participants were included with an average age of 58.59 years at baseline in 2011, and 53.6% of them were women. Linear dose–response relationship was identified by restricted spline cubic analysis between baseline SUA and follow-up blood glucose (the non-linear trend for fasting plasma glucose (FPG): β2 = −0.71, p = 0.52; for HbA1c: β2 = 0.05, p = 0.07; for risk of diabetes: β2 = 0.12, p = 0.39). Additionally, compared with the lowest quartiles of SUA, the adjusted risk ratios of diabetes were 1.00 (95% CI: 0.82–1.23), 1.08 (95% CI: 0.89–1.31), and 1.37 (95% CI: 1.11–1.96) for quartile 2–4 (p-trend < 0.01), respectively. Further additional adjustments for BMI or dyslipidemia, these ratios were not statistically significant. In addition, a unidirectional relationship from baseline SUA to follow-up FPG (ρ1 = 0.24, p = 0.03) was further confirmed using crosslagged path analysis. After stratifying by genders, the above results were only significant in the women subgroup, and we thus conducted a mediation analysis in women and found that the BMI and dyslipidemia partially mediated the effect of SUA on diabetes with a 23.05 and 18.82% mediating effect, respectively.ConclusionsThese findings provide strong evidence that hyperuricemia preceded diabetes, and the effect of baseline SUA on follow-up type 2 diabetes was more pronounced among middle-aged and elderly Chinese women, especially in postmenopausal women, and this effect is partly mediated by BMI and dyslipidemia at baseline.

Correlation Between Serum Uric Acid and Body Fat Distribution in Patients With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the correlation between serum uric acid levels and body fat distribution in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).MethodsBetween May 2017 and March 2021, a total of 199 patients with PCOS were recruited from the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism at the Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital. Anthropometric characteristics, metabolic parameters, and reproductive hormones were measured. Hyperuricemia was defined as serum uric acid (SUA) greater than 420 μmol/l. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was used to measure body fat distribution.ResultsThe prevalence of hyperuricemia in patients with PCOS was 28.64%. PCOS patients with hyperuricemia are more obese and have a higher waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and worse lipid metabolism than those without hyperuricemia. According to SUA quartiles, patients in the highest quartile had higher total testosterone (TT), body fat accumulation, and lower sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) than patients in the lowest quartile. SUA was correlated with percentage of total body fat, arm fat mass, leg fat mass, trunk fat mass, android/gynoid (A/G) ratio, and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) mass. After controlling possible confounders, logistic regression analysis found that only excessive VAT mass could significantly increase the risk of hyperuricemia in patients with PCOS.ConclusionIn patients with PCOS, a high level of VAT mass, but not other fat compartments, will exacerbate the risk of hyperuricemia. Attention should be paid to the role of excessive VAT in the occurrence and development of PCOS with hyperuricemia.

Correlation between serum C-peptide-releasing effects and the risk of elevated uric acid in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Our study aimed to investigate the C-peptide-releasing effect associated with the risk of elevated serum uric acid (SUA) levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In the cross-sectional study, 345 patients with T2DM hospitalized at the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University were consecutively enrolled, and their baseline data were collected. The study design used two parameters for C-peptide releasing effects: the multiplication effect of 1 h postprandial C-peptide to fasting C-peptide ratio (1hCp/FCp) and 2hCp/FCp; the incremental effect of 1hCp minus FCp (1hΔCp) and 2hΔCp. The patients with T2DM in the upper quartiles of SUA had higher FCp, 1hCp, 1hΔCp, 2hCp, and 2hΔCp. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that after adjusting all the confounding factors, the serum C-peptide including 1hCp (β = 5.14, p = 0.036), 1hΔCp (β = 7.80, p = 0.010), 2hCp (β = 4.27, p = 0.009) and 2hΔCp (β = 5.20, p = 0.005) were still positively correlated with SUA levels in patients with T2DM. In female patients, only the 2hCp (β = 4.78, p = 0.017) and 2hΔCp (β = 5.28, p = 0.019) were associated with SUA level; however, in male patients, no C-peptide parameter was associated with SUA levels in T2DM (all p > 0.05). Within a certain range, the elevated SUA levels might be associated with the better C-peptide incremental effect of islet β cell function in T2DM, especially in female patients.

Association between Serum Uric Acid and Impaired Endothelial Function: The Circulatory Risk in Communities Study.

Aims: Higher serum uric acid (UA) may impair endothelial function. However, population-based evidence examining the association between serum UA levels and endothelial function remains to be limited. Thus, in this study, we aimed to investigate this in the general population. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 1000 participants (496 males and 504 females), aged 30–79 years, free from a history of gout, have undergone both serum UA and brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) measurements. Participants were divided into four groups based on serum UA quartiles. Logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) for low FMD according to the serum UA levels. Results: In total, 203 participants (138 males and 65 females) with %FMD ≤ 5.0% were identified to have endothelial dysfunction. The multivariable OR of low FMD for highest quartiles vs. lowest quartiles was 2.39 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.32–4.34), while OR per 1-standard deviation (SD) increment was 1.28 (95% CI: 1.04–1.56). The positive association was noted to be more evident in females (OR per 1-SD increment: 1.46; 95% CI: 1.08–1.96) than in males and confined to individuals not using antihypertensive medications. The ORs per 1-SD increment were 1.01 (95% CI: 0.68–1.50) among individuals using antihypertensive medications and 1.43 (95% CI: 1.12–1.81) among individuals not using antihypertensive medications. Conclusion: Higher serum UA was positively associated with the prevalence of endothelial dysfunction in samples of the general Japanese population and that positive association was confined to individuals not using antihypertensive medications.

Serum uric acid and risk of incident chronic kidney disease: a national cohort study and updated meta-analysis

BackgroundWe prospectively examined the association between serum uric acid (SUA) levels and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in China and updated the evidence through a comprehensive meta-analysis of prospective studies worldwide.MethodsOur original analyses were based on data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. The primary exposure of interest was SUA at baseline, and the main outcome was incident CKD. Logistic regression models were used to examine the association between SUA levels and incident CKD. A meta-analysis was performed to pool our effect estimate and those from other cohort studies.ResultsDuring a 4-year follow-up, 180 participants developed incident CKD. Participants in the highest SUA quartile were 2.73 times as likely to develop incident CKD compared to those in the lowest quartile (multivariable-adjusted OR, 2.73; 95% CI, 1.65–4.50). Each 1 mg/dL increment in the SUA levels was associated with a 49% increased risk of incident CKD (multivariable-adjusted OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.28–1.74). In the meta-analysis of 30 cohort studies (including the current study), pooled relative risks (95% CIs) of incident CKD were 1.15 (1.10–1.21) for SUA each 1 mg/dL increment, 1.22 (1.14–1.30) for the highest versus lowest SUA group, and 1.17 (1.12–1.23) for hyperuricemia versus no hyperuricemia.ConclusionsBaseline SUA levels were associated with higher risk of incident CKD in middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults, and this positive association was confirmed in the meta-analysis of multiple cohort studies. Our findings may imply that SUA levels need to be routinely monitored for future CKD risk.

Associations of Serum Uric Acid Levels With Macrovascular and Renal Microvascular Dysfunction Among Individuals From Sub-Saharan Africa

Serum uric acid (SUA) level is associated with vascular dysfunction in Eurasian populations, but little is known about this association in individuals from sub-Saharan Africa, who have a high prevalence of both relatively high SUA levels and vascular dysfunction. To assess the associations of SUA levels with macrovascular and kidney microvascular dysfunction in individuals of sub-Saharan African ancestry and evaluate potential factors that could mediate these associations. Cross-sectional analyses of baseline data from the multicenter Research on Obesity and Diabetes Among African Migrants study, conducted from 2012 to 2015, were performed from January to March 2021. The population included Ghanaian individuals living in Ghana and Europe. Abnormal SUA levels. Logistic regression was used to examine the associations of SUA level quartiles with microvascular (albuminuria) and macrovascular (peripheral artery disease and coronary artery disease) dysfunction, with adjustments for age, sex, estimated glomerular filtration rate, site of residence, socioeconomic status, alcohol, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, waist-hip ratio, and total cholesterol level. Mediation analysis was performed to assess whether the association was via elevated blood pressure, hemoglobin A1c, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels or via weight-hip ratio. The research questions were formulated after data collection. A total of 4919 Ghanaian individuals (3047 [61.9%] women) aged 25-75 years (mean [SD], 46.26 [11.08] years) were included. There was a significant positive association between SUA quartiles and albuminuria, but not coronary artery disease or peripheral artery disease, after adjustment for covariates. After full adjustment, individuals in the fourth SUA quartile had higher odds of albuminuria (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.54; 95% CI, 1.07-2.21), but not peripheral artery disease (aOR, 1.35; 95% CI, 0.87-2.08) or coronary artery disease (aOR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.77-1.55), compared with individuals in the first quartile. After full adjustment, systolic and diastolic blood pressure significantly mediated the association between SUA concentrations and albuminuria, accounting for 19.4% of the total association for systolic and 17.2% for diastolic blood pressure; hemoglobin A1c, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and waist-hip ratio did not mediate this association. In this cross-sectional study among a sub-Saharan African population, elevated SUA levels were significantly associated with kidney microvascular dysfunction and mediated partly through elevated blood pressure. These findings suggest that individuals from sub-Saharan Africa with elevated SUA levels may benefit from periodic screening for kidney microvascular dysfunction to aid early detection or treatment.

Serum uric acid is associated with the progression of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in apparently healthy subjects

Abstract Background Left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) which is one of major characteristics of diastolic heart failure (HF) is also prevalent in the community. Patients with LVDD are predisposed to poor cardiovascular outcomes. Serum uric acid (SUA), an important component of metabolic disorders, has been shown to have close relationship with cardiovascular events including LVDD. In the present study, we sought to investigate whether SUA is a potential predictor of LVDD progression in relatively healthy subjects. Methods From November 2018 to December 2019 in our Hospital, subjects who had physical examination were consecutively enrolled and followed up for ∼12 months. LVDD was graded by tissue doppler imaging (TDI). At baseline, only individuals with normal LV diastolic function or mild LVDD were finally enrolled and underwent repeated echocardiography and TDI assessment after follow-up. The incidence of LVDD progression, defined as LVDD grade 0–1 escalated to grade 2–3, and its relationship with SUA levels were analyzed. Multivariate regression models were constructed to test the predictive value of SUA for LVDD progression. Results A total of 1082 subjects were included in the final analysis. During a mean follow-up of 12.6 (IQR 12.0–13.8) months, the incidence of LVDD progression was 37.6% and mean change in E/e' ratio was 1.18±1.85 cm/s, which was positively correlated with baseline SUV level (Spearman's r=0.140, P&amp;lt;0.001). In multivariate analysis, SUA was independently associated with LVDD progression after adjustment for traditional risk factors. The highest quartile of SUA corresponded to a 1.851-fold [95% CI 1.215–2.828] increased risk for progression of LVDD as compared to the lowest quartile. A 100 μmol/L increase in SUA conferred a 1.351-fold [95% CI 1.125–1.625] higher risk of LVDD progression when treated as continuous variable. Principal component analysis revealed SUA accounted for 14.7% of the variance in patients with LVDD progression, following insulin resistance and cholesterol factor which accounted for 27.9% and 19.0%, respectively. Conclusions This study suggests that SUA is an independent predictor of LVDD progression in apparently healthy subjects. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): National Natural Science Foundation of China, Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning

Association of uric acid and uric acid to creatinine ratio with chronic kidney disease in hypertensive patients

BackgroundRecent studies have shown that the serum uric acid/creatinine ratio (SUA/SCr) is a better predictor of chronic kidney disease (CKD) than serum uric acid (SUA) isolated. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association of isolated SUA and the SUA/SCr with CKD in hypertensive patients.MethodsCross-sectional study conducted with hypertensive patients followed-up by the Primary Health Care Service (PHC). Sociodemographic, economic, lifestyle, clinical, anthropometric, and biochemical variables were evaluated. The association between SUA parameters (quartiles of SUA and quartiles of SUA/SCr) and CKD was evaluated by bivariate and multivariate logistic regression. The association between SUA parameters (SUA and SUA/SCr) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was evaluated by linear regression. The analyses were performed considering four adjustment models. SUA and SUA/SCr were compared by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.ResultsIn the fully adjusted model, SUA was positively associated with the presence of CKD (OR = 6.72 [95 % CI 1.96–22.96]) and inversely associated with eGFR (β Coef. = -2.41 [95 % CI -3.44; -1.39]). SUA/SCr was positively associated with eGFR (β Coef. = 2.39 [1.42; 3.36]). According to the ROC curve, the SUA is a better predictor of CKD than the SUA/SCr.ConclusionsElevated levels of isolated SUA were associated with CKD and eGFR. However, the SUA/SCr was not associated with CKD. We do not recommend using the SUA/SCr to predict CKD in hypertensive patients.

Association between serum uric acid and renal outcome in patients with biopsy-confirmed diabetic nephropathy.

ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between serum uric acid (SUA) level and renal outcome in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and diabetic nephropathy (DN).MethodsA total of 393 Chinese patients with T2DM and biopsy-proven DN and followed at least 1 year were enrolled in this study. Patients were stratified by the quartiles of baseline level of SUA: Q1 group: 286.02 ± 46.66 μmol/L (n = 98); Q2 group: 358.23 ± 14.03 μmol/L (n = 99); Q3 group: 405.50 ± 14.59 μmol/L (n = 98) and Q4 group: 499.14 ± 56.97μmol/L (n = 98). Renal outcome was defined by progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards model were used to analyze the association between SUA quartiles and the renal outcomes.ResultsDuring the median 3-year follow-up period, there were 173 ESRD outcome events (44.02%). No significant difference between SUA level and the risk of progression of DN (P = 0.747) was shown in the Kaplan–Meier survival analysis. In multivariable-adjusted model, hazard ratios for developing ESRD were 1.364 (0.621–2.992; P = 0.439), 1.518 (0.768–3.002; P = 0.230) and 1.411 (0.706–2.821; P = 0.330) for the Q2, Q3 and Q4, respectively, in comparison with the Q1 (P = 0.652).ConclusionsNo significant association between SUA level and renal outcome of ESRD in Chinese patients with T2DM and DN was found in our study. Besides, the role of uric acid-lowering therapy in delaying DN progression and improving ESRD outcome had not yet been proven. Further study was needed to clarify the renal benefit of the uric acid-lowering therapy in the treatment of DN.