Serum Preptin Research Articles

Elevated serum preptin levels as a marker for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease severity in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

Elevated serum preptin levels as a marker for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease severity in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

Preptin: A New Bone Metabolic Parameter?

Preptin is a 34-aminoacid peptide derived from the E-peptide of pro-insulin-like growth factor 2 (pro-IGF2) that is co-secreted with insulin and upregulates glucose-mediated insulin secretion. High serum preptin levels were described in conditions associated with insulin resistance, such as polycystic ovary syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2M). Insulin and also IGF2 are known to be anabolic bone hormones. The "sweet bone" in T2M usually associates increased density, but altered microarchitecture. Therefore, preptin was proposed to be one of the energy regulatory hormones that positively impacts bone health. Experimental data demonstrate a beneficial impact of preptin upon the osteoblasts. Preptin also appears to regulate osteocalcin secretion, which in turn regulates insulin sensitivity. Preptin is greatly influenced by the glucose tolerance status and the level of physical exercise, both influencing the bone mass. Clinical studies describe low serum preptin concentrations in osteoporosis in both men and women, therefore opening the way towards considering preptin a potential bone anabolic therapy. The current review addresses the relationship between preptin and bone mass and metabolism in the experimental and clinical setting, also considering the effects of preptin on carbohydrate metabolism and the pancreatic-bone loop.

Evaluation the Role of Preptin Hormone and some Biochemical Parameters in Type2 Diabetic Patients with Cardiovascular disease

T2DM and coronary artery disease (CAD) pose significant threats worldwide, contributing to excessive morbidity and death; these co-morbidities interact synergistically with inflammatory processes. The study's goal was to look at Preptin, Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) levels. Serum Preptin, LDH and FBG levels were determined in 50 patients with acute myocardial infarction, 50 patients with (type 2 diabetes with myocardial infarction) and 50 healthy subjects. The results demonstrate a substantial rise in serum concentrations of (Preptin, LDH, and FBG) in the (T2DM with AMI) group as compared to the (AMI and controls) groups (p0.05). However, there was no significant difference in serum Preptin and FBG concentrations between the (AMI and controls) groups (p≤0.05). There was also no significant difference in serum LDH concentrations between the (AMI with T2DM and AMI) groups (p≤0.05). Assessment of Preptin with lactate dehydrogenase and fasting glucose may Predict pancreatic as well as cardiac dysfunction and its helpful in stratification of severity risk.

Preptin Deficiency Does Not Protect against High-Fat Diet-Induced Metabolic Dysfunction or Bone Loss in Mice.

Preptin is derived from the cleavage of the E-peptide of pro-insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-II and is an insulin secretagogue. Observational studies have linked elevated circulating preptin to metabolic dysfunction in humans; however, a causal role for preptin in metabolic dysfunction has not been established. Additionally, preptin can promote osteoblast proliferation and differentiation, suggesting a link with skeletal health. We previously described a global preptin knockout (KO) model. In this study, we sought to uncover the impact of preptin KO in mice on the response to a moderately high-fat diet (HFD) and low-fat diet (LFD). HFD groups had higher weight and fat mass gain, lower trabecular and cortical bone volume and fracture load, and higher liver triglycerides. In males, preptin deficiency led to lower blood glucose than wild-type (WT) mice under LFD conditions. This was accompanied by differences in bone microarchitecture, including lower trabecular bone volume fraction, trabecular number, and lower cortical thickness. These differences were absent in female mice, although KO females had a HFD-driven increase in fat mass and liver triglycerides that was absent in WT mice. Female WT mice had increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion under HFD conditions that was absent in female KO mice. Overall, preptin may have a detrimental impact on metabolism and a positive impact on bone health in male mice and may protect against liver fat storage in females while enabling islet compensation under HFD conditions. When we consider that serum preptin levels are elevated in humans of both sexes in pathological states in which insulin levels are elevated, the impact of preptin on comorbidity risk needs to be better understood. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

Circulating serum preptin levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder with complex pathogenesis and metabolic complications, such as insulin resistance. Among the new markers, preptin seems to play a significant role in metabolic disorders. This meta-analysis was conducted to determine the relationship between circulating preptin levels and PCOS. A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to identify relevant articles in electronic databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane, EMBASE, and the Google Scholar search engine, using a predefined search strategy. A random-effects model was used to combine standard mean difference (SMD) and 95% CI to compare results between groups. Meta-regression and subgroup analysis were also performed to reveal the sources of heterogeneity. The meta-analysis encompassed a total of 8 studies and 582 participants. The results indicate a statistically significant association between PCOS and serum preptin levels, with a pooled standardized mean difference (SMD = 1.35; 95% CI]: 0.63-2.08; p 0.001). Further analysis suggested a significant difference in serum preptin levels between women with PCOS and higher homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance ratio (SMD = 2.40; 95% CI: 1.17-3.63; p 0.001) within the subgroup. Our meta-analysis shows that increased serum preptin levels are associated with PCOS, suggesting that preptin may be related to the pathogenesis of PCOS and may be recognized as a novel diagnostic biomarker for PCOS. However, further studies are needed to confirm our results.

Maternal serum preptin levels in the pathogenesis and diagnosis of Gestational diabetes mellitus.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a metabolic disorder that occurs during pregnancy that increases both maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity. It was investigated whether there is a change in circulating levels of preptin, a new peptide secreted from pancreatic beta cells, due to GDM in pregnant women. The relationship between serum preptin levels with insulin and other metabolic parameters was also evaluated in these subjects. Eighty-five patients diagnosed as GDM and 89 healthy pregnant women with 75 mg oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was assessed in terms of serum preptin levels. The serum preptin levels of the GDM group were significantly higher than those of the control group (p=0.001; p < 0.01). For the cutoff value of preptin measurement of 335.3 ng/L, the sensitivity was 97.65%, specificity was 87.64%, positive predictive value was 88.3% and negative predictive value was 97.5%. The risk of developing the disease is 294.273 times higher in patients with preptin level of 335.3 and above. We think that the reason for the increase in serum preptin levels in GDM is probably the response to glucose. The current results indicate that preptin plays an important role in elucidating the pathology of GDM. In addition, the search for a practical marker for the diagnosis of GDM suggests that the measurement of preptin level is promising.

The potential anti-osteoporotic effect of exercise-induced increased preptin level in ovariectomized rats.

Osteoporosis increases bone fragility and fractures. Preptin hormone is regulated by moderate exercise training and increases bone formation. Therefore, this study was conducted to see how estradiol administration and moderate exercise training affected osteoporotic changes in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. To achieve this aim, 36healthy adult female Wistar albino rats were randomized into Sham, OVX, ovariectomized estradiol-treated (OVX + E) (OVX + E rats were treated using subcutaneous estradiol benzoate 2.5μg/kg body weight/day), ovariectomized practicing moderate exercise training, ovariectomized estradiol-treated and practiced a moderate exercise training, and ovariectomized alendronate-treated (OVX + Alen) (OVX + Alen rats were treated orally with alendronate 3mg/kg body weight/week) groups. Alendronate was used as a standard anti-osteoporotic drug. Moderate exercise training, including therapy with estradiol and alendronate for OVX rats began on the fourth week and lasted for six weeks. Results showed that OVX rats had estrogen and preptin deficiency in serum. These deficiencies were associated with a significant increase in bone resorption biomarkers (urinary deoxypyridinoline and hydroxyproline), and bone formation biomarkers (serum osteocalcin and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase). Also, serum pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6) were increased, while bone osteopontin (OPN) expression was decreased. Subsequently, the osteoporotic alterations were verified based on histopathological changes. From the results, estradiol therapy and moderate exercise training significantly improved these findings to the same extent as that of the standard alendronate treatment. Therefore, through their anti-inflammatory properties, increasing bone OPN expression, and regulating serum preptin; estradiol therapy and moderate exercise training can reduce osteoporotic alterations in OVX rats. Thus, combined estradiol therapy and moderate exercise training could be a promising potential therapeutic protocol to reduce postmenopausal osteoporosis. Also, targeting serum preptin and bone osteopontin regulation could have a critical role in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.

An assesment of relationship between serum preptin levels and anti-mullerian hormone in infertile womens with polycystic ovary syndrome

An assesment of relationship between serum preptin levels and anti-mullerian hormone in infertile womens with polycystic ovary syndrome

Serum prolactin, Preptin, CCL 18 and genetic polymorphisms in Iraqi women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

The polycystic ovary syndrome is an endocrine condition. One of the leading causes of female infertility and the most common disorder among women. The work was being carried out on 100 Iraqi women (50 cases confirmed with PCOS and 50 controls). Between October 2019 and March 2020, blood samples were collected from the Advanced Institute of Infertility Diagnosis and Assisted Reproductive Technology at AL-Nahrain University and a private laboratory. ELISA was used to evaluate the biochemical parameters of preptin, FSH, insulin, LH, and CCL 18 in serum samples from the AFIAS-6 (AFIAS Automated Immunoassay System). The findings of the analysis indicate that, as opposed to the control group, values of prolactin (ng/ml), LH (mIU/ml), Preptin (pg/ml) and CCL 18 (ng/ml) Quite higher in PCOS sickness (p &lt; 0.001) Compared with the patient group, the values of testosterone (ng/ml) and FSH (mIU/ml) was noticeably higher (p &lt;0.05), and PRLR gene expression levels in PCOS patients were significantly increased by 3.6 times. I n summary, the levels of Preptin and CCL18 can be regarded as PCOS markers.

Serum Preptin Level in Iraqi Beta Major Thalassemic Patients

Background Beta thalassemia syndromes are a set of hereditary blood disorders marked by a deficiency of beta-globin chain synthesis, result in decrease hemoglobin in red blood cells, anemia, and a reduced RBC production. Iron overload is a common finding in chronically transfused beta thalassemia major patients with possible effect on beta cell function and secretion. This study aimed to assess preptin level in the serum in beta major thalassemic patients, in order to indicate the effect of oxidative stress on preptin secretion. And explain preptin effect on bone cells. Subject and methods; A case-control study that was performed in the Ibn Albaladi Hospital (during the period from 1st of September 2020 to the end of January 2021. It included 48 beta major thalassemic patients and 36 subject as healthy control. Information was taken from each subject including age, diseases. Subjects with any cardiovascular diseases, hyperemesis gravidram, liver diseases, kidney diseases, bone disease, diabetes mellitus, and patients take corticosteroid as well as patients in childhood were excluded in this study. The biomarkers studied were: fasting serum preptin, insulin were assessed. Serum preptin and insulin were measured by ELISA technique. Results; The mean values of (Preptin, Insulin) in patients group were less than control group. There was a moderate direct significant correlation P&lt;0.01 between preptin and insulin. Conclusion; The mean value of serum preptin was less in thalassemic major group than control group. And direct correlated with insulin level which is also reduced in thalassemic patients.

Serum Level of Preptin in Children with Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Relation to Diabetic Nephropathy

Background: Type 1 diabetes is one of the most prevalent long-term diseases of childhood globally. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate a new biomarker such as preptin in patients with type 1 diabetes and to assess its relation to diabetic nephropathy. Patients and methods: This study was a case-control study that carried on 34 children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus in addition to 17 healthy children at the Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Pediatric Department, Zagazig University Hospitals, from June 2020 to April 2021.All patients were subjected to laboratory investigations including fasting blood glucose levels, HbA1c, kidney function tests, lipid profile, serum albumin, urinary albumin, albumin creatinine ratio, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and serum preptin. Results: This study showed that age, weight and BMI were significantly higher among group II with no significant difference between group I and II by LSD. Also, there was no significant difference among groups regarding gender or family history of DM. Conclusion: Serum preptin is significantly lower in patients with diabetic nephropathy compared with diabetic patients without nephropathy and healthy subjects.

Association of circulating preptin with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A case-control study

Background/Aim: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the hepatic component of metabolic disorders and identifying patients with a high risk of fibrosis is crucial. A scoring system, the FIB-4 score, based on clinical and biochemical parameters was developed to predict fibrosis. NAFLD is associated with various peptide hormones. However, the relationship of preptin, a newly discovered peptide critical for regulating energy metabolism, with NAFLD remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to determine the relationship of preptin with NAFLD and evaluate whether there was an association between serum preptin levels and FIB-4 score. Methods: In this prospective study, serum biochemical parameters and serum preptin levels of 51 patients with grade 2-3 hepatosteatosis proven by ultrasonography and 35 healthy controls with similar demographic characteristics were compared. Serum preptin levels were measured using ELISA. The FIB-4 scores were calculated and recorded. Results: The serum preptin levels were higher in the NAFLD group than in the control cases (P<0.001). Among the patients, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive, and negative predictive values of preptin above a cut-off value of ≥62.3 were 85.7%, 56.9%, 85.3%, and 57.7%, respectively, with an accuracy of 68.6%. The preptin level was negatively correlated with the FIB-4 score and AST in the patient group (P=0.004 and P=0.014, respectively). The linear regression model revealed that there was a significant relationship between the FIB-4 score and preptin (P<0.05). Each 1 unit increase in the FIB-4 score induced a decrease of 86.37 units in preptin values (R²=%8.5). Conclusion: We demonstrated that the serum preptin levels were higher in patients with NAFLD than healthy individuals and negatively correlated with the FIB-4 score and AST levels. Preptin may have a role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, is likely to distinguish patients with mild and severe liver damage and may be a useful marker in predicting a high risk for progression to fibrosis. Further studies establishing a stratification system including plasma preptin level and the FIB-4 score and its verification with liver biopsies are required.

Cord blood and maternal serum preptin and irisin concentrations are regulated independently in GDM.

The aim of this study is to examine the maternal serum and cord blood irisin and preptin levels in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and correlate their levels with demographic and biochemical parameters. A total of 21 pregnant women with GDM and 21 BMI and age-matched pregnant women without GDM were included in the study. They underwent 50 g glucose challenge test (GCT) between 24-28th gestational weeks. Women with a GCT result higher than 140 mg/dl received 100 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Detection of one of the following criteria after OGTT was accepted as GDM: fasting plasma glucose level 92 mg/dL; 1-h plasma glucose level 180 mg/dL; and 2-h plasma glucose 153 mg/dL. Correlation between metabolic parameters and cord blood and maternal serum preptin and irisin levels in GDM and non-GDM subjects were analyzed. Maternal serum preptin values of GDM subjects were similar to the serum preptin values of non-GDM control subjects (123.12±34.3 pg/mL vs. 112.02±12.0 pg/mL, p<0.23). Cord blood preptin levels of GDM (64.3±1.09 pg/mL vs. 123.12±34.3 pg/mL, p<0.03) and non-GDM subjects (59.2±021 pg/mL vs. 112.02±12.0 pg/mL, p<0.02) were significantly lower than the maternal serum preptin values. Serum preptin levels of GDM group were positively correlated with HOMA-IR (r=0.33, p<0.04), but not with other parameters. Maternal serum irisin levels in the GDM group were lower than the non-GDM control group (5.32±0.44 µg/mL vs. 7.74±4.52 µg/mL, p<0.01). Cord blood irisin concentrations were found similar in women with GDM and non-GDM subjects (4.91±3.12 µg/mL vs. 5.01±2.14 µg/mL, p<0.14). Cord blood irisin levels of GDM subjects were similar to maternal serum irisin levels (4.91±3.12 µg/mL vs. 5.32±0.44 µg/mL, p<0.57). We found positive correlation between irisin concentration and fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, and BMI in women with GDM. In subgroup analysis of 6 patients using insulin treatment, serum and cord blood irisin and preptin levels were similar to those that did not use insulin. Maternal serum and cord blood preptin and irisin concentrations are regulated independently in women with GDM.

Expression of Amylin and Preptinin Iraqi Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most worldwide spread chronic diseases, and its complications are very serious if it is untreated. Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is reported to be caused by obesity and sedentary life style. DM plays a role in accelerating the hardening and narrowing of the arteries. Preptin and amylin are pancreatic hormones which participate in glucose homeostasis. In T2DM patientsamylin peptids can be toxic to β-cells of pancreas due to Amyloid deposits within these cells, supporting the idea that islet amyloid might have an important role in the pathogenesis of T2DM.preptin is a peptide hormone that is secreted with insulin and amylin from the pancreatic β-cells.The study planned to investigate the relationship between serum amyline and preptinlevelsin patients with T2DM compared to healthy controls and to study their associations together (preptin and amylin) with serum levels of insulin and HOMA-IR. Sixty-four (64) patients were recruited from the Endocrine Outpatient clinic in Al-Imamain Al-Kadhimain city hospital from March of 2018 to May of 2018. Fasting serum samples were obtained on enrolment. (mean age, (61.73± 8.05) years;mean duration of diabetes, (8.77±2.66) years; mean HbA1c,(8.1 ± 1.7) withT2DM and body mass index (BMI) > 25.1 kg/m2 underwent examination. Age, sex and (BMI) matched with thirty eight(38) healthy controls were also in ruled,Serum preptin and amylin levels were measured by ELISA technique. There was statistically significant difference between patients and controls serum amylin (p=0.023) and preptin (p=0.01).Patients with T2DM had significantly higher blood glucose (p=0.0001), HbA1c (p=0.0001), insulin (p=0.0001), and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p=0.001)compared to healthy control,while total cholesterol was positively related (p=0.111) triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol values were (p<0.001 for each), and significantly lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels compared with the control group (p<0.0001). The preptin level demonstrated a significant positive association with insulin and HOMA-IR compared with healthy control. (for healthy control group: r=0.381,p=0.146, r=0.133,p=0.438)respectively; for T2DM group: (r=0.411,p=0.02, r=0.332,p=0.003), The amylin level also showed a significant positive correlation with insulin and HOMAIR compared with healthy control. (for healthy control group: r= 0.188,p=0.309, r= -0.039,p=0.911) respectively; for T2DM group: (r=0.279,p=0.002, r=0.291,p=0.003),Conclusions: There were significant differences between healthy control and patients with T2DM concerning amylin and preptin levels. Serum Amylin and preptin increase in association with insulin in diabetic conditions. The present study suggests a potential role of amyline and preptin in the pathogenesis of T2DM.

Effects of exercise training on serum preptin, undercarboxylated osteocalcin and high molecular weight adiponectin in adults with metabolic syndrome.

What is the central question of this study? Are the advantages of aerobic interval exercise, resistance exercise and concurrent exercise on the metabolic profile mediated in part through preptin and undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOCN)? What is the main finding and its importance? Glucose was significantly lowered after concurrent exercise and aerobic interval exercise, but serum preptin and insulin were significantly lowered in all three training groups. By contrast, ucOCN and high molecular weight adiponectin increased significantly in all three training groups. These findings support the possible cross-talk between bone, pancreatic β-cells and energy metabolism in humans and suggest that preptin and ucOCN may potentially serve as markers of exercise-induced improvement of metabolism. Preptin is a peptide hormone that plays an important role in the development of obesity by regulation of carbohydrate metabolism. Undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOCN) is also linked to the regulation of body energy in that it modulates fat and glucose metabolism. This research aimed to examine the impact of aerobic interval, resistance and concurrent exercise on serum preptin, ucOCN and high molecular weight adiponectin (HMW-APN) in obese adults with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Forty-four obese men with MetS were randomized to receive aerobic interval exercise (AIEX, n=10), resistance exercise (REX, n=10), or concurrent aerobic interval and resistance exercise (CEX, n=10), or to act as a non-exercise control (CON, n=10) three times a week for 12weeks. Preptin was reduced more after AIEX and CEX than after REX (89.1% and 87.1% versus 9.6%; P=0.028 and 0.030, respectively). ucOCN increased significantly only in the CEX (27.5%, P=0.009) and AIEX (25%, P=0.025) groups, but HMW-APN increased significantly in all three training groups (AIEX 145.1%, P<0.001; CEX 137%, P<0.001; and REX 59.8%, P=0.041). After the intervention, the improvement of peak oxygen uptake ( ) in the AIEX group (73%) was greater than in the CEX (29.3%) and REX (3.8%) groups. On the other hand, CEX exhibited a greater reduction in glucose, insulin, insulin resistance index and HbA1c than did AIEX and REX. Our study indicates that the reduction in glucose after exercise training (especially AIEX and CEX) may be, somewhat, linked to decreased preptin and raised ucOCN and HMW-APN.

Expression of Amylin and Preptinin Iraqi Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most worldwide spread chronic diseases, and its complications are very serious if it is untreated. Type‑2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is reported to be caused by obesity and sedentary life style. DM plays a role in accelerating the hardening and narrowing of the arteries. Preptin and amylin are pancreatic hormones which participate in glucose homeostasis. In T2DM patientsamylin peptids can be toxic to β‑cells of pancreas due to Amyloid deposits within these cells, supporting the idea that islet amyloid might have an important role in the pathogenesis of T2DM.preptin is a peptide hormone that is secreted with insulin and amylin from the pancreatic β‑cells. The study planned to investigate the relationship between serum amyline and preptinlevelsin patients with T2DM compared to healthy controls and to study their associations together (preptin and amylin) with serum levels of insulin and HOMA‑IR. Sixty‑four (64) patients were recruited from the Endocrine Outpatient clinic in Al‑Imamain Al‑Kadhimain city hospital from March of 2018 to May of 2018. Fasting serum samples were obtained on enrolment. (mean age, (61.73± 8.05) years;mean duration of diabetes, (8.77±2.66) years; mean HbA1c, (8.1 ± 1.7) with T2DM and body mass index (BMI) &gt; 25.1 kg/m 2 underwent examination. Age, sex and (BMI) matched with thirty eight(38) healthy controls were also in ruled,Serum preptin and amylin levels were measured by ELISA technique. There was statistically significant difference between patients and controls serum amylin (p=0.023) and preptin (p=0.01).Patients with T2DM had significantly higher blood glucose (p=0.0001), HbA1c (p=0.0001), insulin (p=0.0001), and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‑IR) (p=0.001)compared to healthy control,while total cholesterol was positively related (p=0.111) triglyceride, low‑density lipoprotein cholesterol values were (p&lt;0.001 for each), and significantly lower high‑density lipoprotein cholesterol levels compared with the control group (p&lt;0.0001). The preptin level demonstrated a significant positive association with insulin and HOMA‑IR compared with healthy control. (for healthy control group: r=0.381,p=0.146, r=0.133,p=0.438) respectively; for T2DM group: (r=0.411,p=0.02, r=0.332,p=0.003), The amylin level also showed a significant positive correlation with insulin and HOMA‑IR compared with healthy control. (for healthy control group: r= 0.188,p=0.309, r= ‑0.039,p=0.911) respectively; for T2DM group: (r=0.279,p=0.002, r=0.291,p=0.003),Conclusions: There were significant differences between healthy control and patients with T2DM concerning amylin and preptin levels. Serum Amylin and preptin increase in association with insulin in diabetic conditions. The present study suggests a potential role of amyline and preptin in the pathogenesis of T2DM

The Relationship Between Insulin Resistance and Serum Preptin Level

Objectives: Preptin is derived from e-peptide of proinsulin-like growth factor II, is present in islet β-cell granules and is co-secreted with insulin in response to glucose. Studies have suggested that preptin plays a role in glucose and lipid metabolism. In this study, we have investigated the serum preptin levels in patient with insulin resistance (IR) and by this way, we aimed to define the role of preptin as a parameter in early diagnosis and monitoring progression of diabetes. Materials and Methods: The study included 49 IR patients and 37 healthy controls. The presence of IR was based on the Homeostatic model of assessment- insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) level of 2.7 or higher. Fasting plasma samples were obtained from the patients and the control group. The serum levels of preptin were measured with an Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA)kit. Results: The IR patients had higher fasting insulin, HOMA-IR and triglyceride levels than the control subjects (p < 0.01). And the serum levels of preptin were significantly higher in IR patients than in the healthy controls (492.00±289.23 and 98.41±50.64 respectively; p<0.01). They showed a positive correlation with the HOMA-IR (r=0.43; p<0.01), the fasting insulin level (r=0.64; p<0.001), body mass index count (r=0.41; p<0.01) and triglyceride level (r=0.26; p<0.05). Conclusion: The serum preptin level was higher in patients with IR. These findings demonstrate that there is a potential link between preptin and glucose-lipid metabolism. In conclusion, high preptin levels in patients with insulin resistance suggest that preptin may play a role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance.

Preptin and Myostatin Independently Increase in Pre-Diabetics and Patients of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract- The relation between serum preptin, myostatin, insulin, and also homeostatic model assessmentinsulin resistance were examined in pre-diabetes persons and newly diagnosed patients with overt type 2 diabetes mellitus. A total of 84 subjects were included in the study and assigned into three groups: normoglycemic participants (group 1=27), pre-diabetes (group 2=30), and T2DM (group 3=29). Serum insulin, preptin, and myostatin levels were measured with immunoradiometric assay (IRMA), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA), respectively. Patients with T2DM had higher levels of preptin compared to normoglycemic (461.25±53.90 vs. 407.54±54.78, P&lt;0.001). Furthermore, these patients had elevated levels of myostatin compared with controls (2710.60±559.09 vs. 2246.37±416.40, P&lt;0.001). Preptin and myostatin both positively correlated with serum insulin (r=0.369, P=0.01, and r=0.309, P=0.04, respectively). However, no significant association was found between serum preptin and myostatin levels. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that insulin was affected more by preptin, with only a trivial contribution from myostatin. Serum preptin and myostatin levels increase in prediabetic subjects and even further in type 2 diabetic patients. The correlation between preptin and insulin evolves when pre-diabetes or overt type 2 diabetes develops. Moreover, serum myostatin increases in association with insulin and not HOMA-IR in diabetic conditions.

Elevated serum preptin concentrations in patients with diabetic nephropathy

Preptin is a peptide synthesized and secreted accompanied with insulin from pancreatic β cells. Here, we tested the hypothesis that serum preptin concentrations are correlated with diabetic nephropathy (DN). Our...

The beneficial effect of electro acupuncture on obesity may be associated with irisin, nesfatin-l and preptin levels

The action mechanism of acupuncture, one of the alternative methods used in obesity treatment, is unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of electro acupuncture on weight loss and whether acupuncture treatment can change circulating levels of irisin, nesfatin-l and preptin, which have been discovered in recent years and plays an important role in nutrition and energy metabolism. Irisin, a newly discovered myokine, is associated with increased energy consumption and has a potential role in obesity. Preptin, present in islet b-cells of pancreas and associated with the carbohydrate metabolism, nesfatin1 is an anorexogenic peptide composed of 82 amino acids and regulates food intake by modulating neuropeptides in feeding centers in the brain. These three new hormones regulate energy intake and expenditure and preserve energy homeostasis and composition. In this study 4 weeks old Sprague Dawley male rats (n=16) were randomly divided into 2 groups which were the control (C): normal diet and obese (0): high fat diet (HFD) groups. 105 After 16 weeks which obesity was developed, electroacupuncture (EA) was performed to rats once in every second days for 3 times weekly for four consecutive weeks. EA was applied bilaterally to Zusanli (ST36), Bai Hui (Du20), He Gu (Li4), Tianshu (ST25) and Sanyinjiao (SP6) acupoints in animals to both groups. Blood was collected before and after EA and serum irisin, nesfatin-l and preptin levels were analyzed by ELISA (Enzyme-InducedImmunosorbent Analysis) method. After four week EA treatment, there was sginificant decrease of the average body weight in both groups rats. There were increases in the serum nesfatin-l and preptin levels in the both groups after acupuncture. A decrease was observed in the irisin levels in obese group, but an increase in the control group. These findings suggest that electroacupuncture may help to weight loss due to its effects on some important metabolic hormones such as irisin, nesfatin-l and preptin only for a few weeks. It is thought that the changes of these hormones levels may playa role in beneficial effect of acupuncture used in the treatment of human obesity. The application of EA in the treatment of obesity is very effective, which may have led to weight loss by altering these hormone levels in obese people.