Serum Oxidative Stress Biomarkers Research Articles

Boric Acid in Milk Replacer as a Health Enhancer and Growth Promoter for Lambs in the Suckling Period.

This study was performed to investigate the effects of boric acid supplementation in milk replacer of lambs in the suckling period on performance, biochemical parameters, the antioxidant system, fecal culture, and expression of some genes. During the suckling period, 60 lambs (4days old) were randomly given four levels of boric acid (0, 30, 60, and 90mg/kg body weight) via milk replacer for 57days. The lambs supplemented with boric acid had a higher weight gain and better feed conversion ratio. Boric acid supplementation quadratically increased serum triglyceride, total protein, alkaline phosphatase, serum antioxidant activity and oxidative stress biomarkers, and fecal flora and decreased IL1β, IL10, iNOS, NF-kB, and TNF-α gene expressions. The effect of boric acid on rumen papilla development could not be determined since the animals were not slaughtered. In conclusion, the use of boric acid to lambs in the suckling period improved the average weekly body weight gain and feed conversion efficiency, positively affected some biochemical parameters, antioxidant system, and intestinal flora, and also affected gene expressions related to the immune system. Boric acid supplementation had a beneficial effect on the health and growth of suckling lambs.

Mediation of mitochondrial DNA copy number and oxidative stress in fluoride-related bone mineral density alteration in Chinese farmers.

Excessive fluoride can adversely affect bone mineral density (BMD). Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are crucial mechanisms of health damage induced by fluoride. Here, a cross-sectional survey involving 907 Chinese farmers (aged 18-60) was carried out in Tongxu County in 2017, aiming to investigate the significance of mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) and oxidative stress in fluoride-related BMD change. Concentrations of urinary fluoride (UF), serum oxidative stress biomarkers, including total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as relative mtDNAcn in peripheral blood were determined. The multivariable linear model and mediation analysis were performed to assess associations between UF, oxidative stress, and relative mtDNAcn with BMD. Results showed that GSH-Px levels increased by 6.98 U/mL [95% confidence interval (CI) 3.41-10.56)] with each 1.0mg/L increment of UF. After stratification, the T-AOC, relative mtDNAcn, and BMD decreased by 0.04mmol/L (-0.08 ~ -0.01), 0.29-unit (-0.55 ~ -0.04), and 0.18-unit (-0.33 ~ -0.03) with every 1.0mg/L elevation of UF in the excessive fluoride group (EFG, adults with UF > 1.6mg/L), respectively. Furthermore, T-AOC and relative mtDNAcn were favorably related to the BMD in the EFG (β = 0.82, 95%CI 0.16-1.48 for T-AOC; β = 0.11, 95%CI 0.02-0.19 for relative mtDNAcn). Mediation analysis showed that relative mtDNAcn and T-AOC mediated 15.4% and 17.1% of the connection between excessive fluoride and reduced BMD, respectively. Findings suggested that excessive fluoride was related to lower BMD in adults, and the decrement of T-AOC and relative mtDNAcn partially mediate this relationship.

Effect of antioxidant-rich kindergarten meals on oxidative stress biomarkers in healthy 5–6-year-old children: a randomized controlled trial

As children spend up to 9 h a day in kindergarten, the main purpose of our study was to evaluate the effect of antioxidant-rich kindergarten meals on oxidative stress biomarkers (OSBs) in healthy children. In the randomized control trial with a follow-up, healthy 5–6-year-old children from six kindergartens were randomly divided into a prototype group (PG, n = 40) and a control group (CG, n = 17). PG followed a 2-week antioxidant-rich kindergarten meal plan (breakfast, lunch, and two snacks), and CG followed their standard kindergarten meal plans. Outside the kindergartens, participants ate as usual. We used a consecutive 7-day dietary record inside and outside the kindergarten and the national dietary assessment tool OPEN to assess the total dietary antioxidant capacity (dTAC) of the consumed foods. Malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and four F2-isoprostane were measured in fasting urine on days 1 and 15. We also measured total antioxidant power (PAT) and hydroperoxides (d-ROMs) in fasting serum on day 15 and obtained the value of the oxidative stress index (OSI). We used a Welch two-sample t-test and multiple regression analysis to compare the prototype and control groups and a nonparametric Wilcoxon signed rank exact test to compare pre- and post-intervention results in urine. Antioxidant-rich kindergarten meals contributed to a significantly (p < 0.05) higher intake of dTAC in PG participants compared to standard meals in CG participants (8.6 vs. 2.8 mmol/day). We detected a negative correlation between dTAC intake and d-ROMs and between dTAC intake and OSI (r = − 0.29, p = 0.043 and r = − 0.31, p = 0.032, respectively). A significant decrease in urinary 8-iso-15-prostaglandin-F-2 alpha was detected in PG participants between days 1 and 15; however, no other intra-individual significant differences in urinary OSBs were found. Conclusion: Antioxidant-rich food in kindergarten is warranted due to its potential health-protective effect. Additionally, we present original data on the average levels of urinary and serum OSBs in healthy 5–6-year-old children. Trial registration: The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, on February 5, 2020 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04252105).What is Known:• Kindergartens are recognized as promising environments for public health measures.• A diet rich in antioxidants can reduce OSBs and, consequently, the risk of developing NCDs.What is New:• Antioxidant-rich kindergarten diet can ensure a protective intake of dTAC in children.• Original data on serum oxidative stress biomarkers (d-ROMs, PAT, and OSI) and urinary oxidative stress biomarkers (MDA, 8-OHdG, and F2 isoprostanes) in healthy 5–6-year-old children.

Serum Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and their correlation with severity of Obstructive Sleep Apnea - A Cross Sectional Study

Serum Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and their correlation with severity of Obstructive Sleep Apnea - A Cross Sectional Study

The effects of hydrolyzed protein on macronutrient digestibility, fecal metabolites and microbiota, oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers, and skin and coat quality in adult dogs.

Research on protein hydrolysates has observed various properties and functionalities on ingredients depending on the type of hydrolysate. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of hydrolyzed chicken protein that was incorporated into diets on digestibility, gut health, skin and coat health, oxidative stress, and intestinal inflammation markers in healthy adult dogs. Five complete and balanced diets were manufactured: (1) CONd: 25% chicken meal diet; (2) 5% CLHd: 5% chicken liver and heart hydrolysate plus 20% chicken meal diet; (3) CLHd: 25% chicken liver and heart hydrolysate diet; (4) 5% CHd: 5% chicken hydrolysate plus 20% chicken meal diet; (5) CHd: 25% chicken hydrolysate diet. A replicated 5 × 5 Latin square design was used which included 10 neutered adult Beagles. Each of the 5 periods consisted of a 7-d washout time and a 28-d treatment period. All diets were well accepted by the dogs. Fecal butyrate concentration was higher while fecal isovalerate and total phenol/indole were lower in dogs fed CLHd than CONd (P < 0.05). Dogs fed CHd had higher fecal immunoglobulin A concentration when compared with CLHd (P < 0.05); however, both groups were comparable to the CONd. There was no difference among groups in serum cytokine concentrations, serum oxidative stress biomarkers, or skin and coat health analyses (P > 0.05). Fecal microbiota was shifted by CLHd with higher abundance in Ruminococcus gauvreauii group as well as lower Clostridium sensu stricto 1, Sutterella, Fusobacterium, and Bacteroides when compared with CONd (P < 0.05). There was also a difference in beta diversity of fecal microbiota between CLHd and CHd (P < 0.05). In conclusion, chicken protein hydrolysate could be incorporated into canine extruded diets as a comparable source of protein to traditional chicken meal. The test chicken protein hydrolysates showed the potential to support gut health by modulating immune response and microbiota; however, functional properties of protein hydrolysates are dependent on inclusion level and source.

The efficacy of Makiang tea drinking on serum lipid profile in the treatment of dyslipidaemia: A randomized controlled trial

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Makiang (MK) tea consumption on the serum lipid profile and oxidative stress biomarkers in participants with dyslipidemia. A randomized, single-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study was conducted at the Outpatient Department of Phayao Hospital, Thailand. This clinical trial enrolled 64 subjects (males and females), aged between 30 and 65 years with hyperlipidemia who were randomized using simple random sampling, receiving a 12-week MK tea (3 g/250 ml hot water) taken daily or a placebo. Body mass index, lipid profile, and serum oxidative stress markers were evaluated at the baseline and the end of the study. Within-group comparisons revealed that drinking only one cup of MK tea daily caused a significant reduction (p &lt; 0.05 all) of total cholesterol (TC), total triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Meanwhile, between-group differences showed that serum TC, TG, and LDL-C levels significantly decreased (p &lt; 0.05 all), whereas the levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were unchanged. This phenomenon was accompanied by decreased serum malondialdehyde and increased endogenous enzymatic defence systems (p &lt; 0.05 all). Thus, MK tea may be useful as an adjunct agent to improve the lipid profile in patients with dyslipidemia.

Serum Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Patients with No Evidence of Disease Activity

Serum Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Patients with No Evidence of Disease Activity

194 Functional Properties of Inositol in Canine Nutrition

Abstract Inositol is a natural extract mainly from Carob, a typical Mediterranean fruit, and small quantities of apples and grapes. Inositol has been associated with several benefits such as antioxidant, capacity, anti-cancer, and hyperglycemia reduction in type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, there is little information regarding the effects of inositol on canine nutrition. This study aimed to evaluate the longitudinal effects of daily supplementation of incremental doses of inositol on serum oxidative stress, inflammatory biomarkers, gut hormones, and postprandial glycemic and insulinemic responses in overweight dogs. Thirty adult dogs were used in a completely randomized study, with 10 animals per treatment. Dogs were fed a commercial dry extruded complete and balanced diet once daily to maintain body weight. Following a 15-d adaptation to the control diet, dogs were fed their respective treatment diets for 60 d. Three experimental treatments were used: 12 g/d of corn syrup (control), 8 g/d of inositol source, and 16 g/d of inositol source. The treatments supplementation had no detrimental effect on the overall health of the dogs and food intake. Throughout the experimental period, serum oxidative stress biomarkers did not differ among dogs fed different dietary treatments (P &amp;gt; 0.05). However, a linear increase across days of the serum cytokine CXCL1 with the supplementation of increasing inositol concentrations was observed (P = 0.0105). Although no differences were observed in the glycemic response to an intravenous glucose tolerance test with the supplementation of increasing concentrations of inositol (P &amp;gt; 0.05), a linear decrease in the average glucose for 24 h measured with interstitial glucose monitors was observed with the supplementation of increasing concentrations of inositol (P = 0.0215). These data suggest that the longitudinal supplementation of inositol may interact with inflammatory response and contribute to the regulation of glucose metabolism.

PSIX-6 The Effects of Hydrolyzed Protein on Macronutrient Digestibility, Fecal Metabolites, Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Biomarkers, and Skin and Coat Quality in Adult Dogs

Abstract Research on protein hydrolysates has observed various properties and functionalities of these ingredients depending on the type of hydrolysate. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of hydrolyzed chicken protein that was incorporated into diets on digestibility, gut health, skin and coat health, oxidative stress, and inflammation in healthy adult dogs. Five complete and balanced treatment diets were manufactured: 1) CONd: chicken meal diet; 2) 5% CLHd: 5% substitution of chicken liver hydrolysate of chicken meal diet; 3) CLHd: chicken liver hydrolysate diet; 4) 5% CHd: 5% substitution of chicken hydrolysate of chicken meal diet; and 5) CHd: chicken hydrolysate diet. A 5×5 Latin square design was used which included 10 neutered adult beagles. Each of the 5 periods consisted of a 7-d washout time and a 28-d treatment period. All diets were well accepted by the dogs. There was greater (P &amp;lt; 0.05) fecal butyrate (226.8 μmol/g DMB) concentration as well as decreasedr isovalerate (6.8 μmol/g DMB), 4-ethylphenol (1.4 μmol/g DMB), and indole (0.7 μmol/g DMB) in dogs fed CLHd than CONd (149.3, 10.8, 2.5, and 1.5 μmol/g DMB, respectively). Doges fed CHd had greater (P &amp;lt; 0.05) fecal immunoglobulin A concentration (2.86 mg/g) when compared with CLHd (0.91 mg/g); however, both groups were comparable to the control. There was no difference among groups in serum cytokine concentrations, serum oxidative stress biomarkers, or skin and coat health analyses (P &amp;gt; 0.05). In conclusion, chicken protein hydrolysate could be incorporated into canine extruded diets as a comparable source of protein to traditional chicken meal. The test chicken protein hydrolysates may have potential to support gut health by modulating immune response and fermentative activity; however, more research is needed to confirm the effect.

Comparative Analysis of Redox Homeostasis Biomarkers in Patients with Psoriasis and Atopic Dermatitis.

Aim: There are no studies regarding comparative analysis of serum biomarkers of oxidative stress in patients with psoriasis (PsO) and atopic dermatitis (AD). We aimed to compare the serum redox homeostasis parameters in patients with PsO vs. AD in an attempt to find the sensitive and specific oxidative stress biomarker that could best reflect the existence of one of these disease entities. Methods: Forty patients with PsO and forty patients with AD were consecutively included in this cross-sectional study. Parameters of redox homeostasis, i.e., pro-oxidants [malondialdehyde (MDA) and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP)] and antioxidants [catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)] were determined. Results: There was no difference in oxidative stress biomarkers between the PsO and AD group, except for higher CAT activity in the AD group (p < 0.001). Among all examined redox homeostasis biomarkers, ROC analysis showed that only CAT exhibited good diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 0.719) in the discrimination of patients with PsO vs. AD, with 0.436 U/L as the cut-off value of CAT activity. Conclusions: The CAT exhibited good diagnostic accuracy in the discrimination of patients with AD from those with PsO. The obtained results could suggest the importance of the use of antioxidants as a potential therapeutic strategy in the treatment of these two skin inflammatory diseases.

The efficacy of Nigella sativa L. oil on serum biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress and quality of life in patients with knee osteoarthritis: A parallel triple-arm double-blind randomized controlled trial.

The aim of this double-blind clinical trial was to investigate the effects of Nigella sativa oil on serum inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers and quality of life in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Forty-five patients who met the eligibility criteria were randomly divided into three groups with a ratio of 1:1:1. The first group received 2.5 mL oral N. sativa oil twice/day plus placebo topical oil, the second group received 2.5 mL topical N. sativa oil three times/day plus placebo oral oil, and the third group received oral and topical oil placebos. There were no intergroup differences in baseline characteristics. After 6 weeks of supplementation, oral N. sativa caused a significant improvement in the serum levels of hs-CRP (p = .003), MDA (p = .003), and TAC (p = .001). Oral N. sativa oil compared to placebo (aMD (95% CI): -0.81 (-1.45 to -0.19); p = .012) and topical N. sativa oil [aMD (95% CI): -0.76 (-1.38 to -0.15); p = .016] significantly reduced hs-CRP serum levels. Significant improvements were observed in the general, physical, and mental health subscales in the oral and topical N. sativa oil compared to the placebo group (p < .05). The six-week oral N. sativa oil supplementation was effective in improving inflammatory biomarkers in knee OA. Both oral and topical N. sativa oil increased the quality of life.

Dietary inflammatory index and risk of gallstone disease in Iranian women: a case-control study

BackgroundConsidering inflammation as a primary occurrence in gallstone formation, this study aimed to determine the relation between serum biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress, and dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) score with the risk of gallstone disease (GD) among Iranian women.Materials and methodsPresent BMI-matched case-control study was performed among 75 women with GD and 75 healthy controls. Biochemical parameters were measured by standard laboratory methods. A validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess the usual intake of participants. DII score was calculated for all participants. The linear and logistic regression were used to examine the association of DII with serum inflammatory biomarkers and the odds ratio of GD, respectively.ResultsThe mean serum levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly (P < 0.001) higher in GD patients compared to control subjects. Women in the highest tertile of DII compared to the lowest tertile had lower intake of macronutrients, minerals, vitamins garlic, onion, pepper and fiber. Moreover, the odd of GD was significantly higher in the third tertile of the DII versus the first tertile after adjustment of potential confounders (OR: 17.47; 95% CI: 4.64–65.72). Also, a positive and significant relationship was found between the serum level of inflammatory biomarkers with the risk of GD and the inflammatory score of the diet (P < 0.001).ConclusionOur data indicate that higher DII score, and serum inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers are related to higher risk of GD in Iranian women.

Effects of virgin coconut oil consumption on serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels and oxidative stress biomarkers in adults with metabolic syndrome: a randomized clinical trial

ABSTRACT Background and aim Metabolic syndrome is associated with health conditions and neurological disorders. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a protective role on the nervous system. Decreased levels of BDNF have been shown in MetS and neurodegenerative diseases. There is promising evidence regarding the anti-inflammatory antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties of virgin coconut oil (VCO). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of VCO consumption on serum BDNF levels, oxidative stress status, and insulin resistance in adults with MetS. Methods This randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 48 adults with MetS aged 20–50 years. The intervention group received 30 ml of VCO daily to substitute the same amounts of oil in their usual diet. The control group continued their usual diet. Serum BDNF levels, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA) as well as HOMA-IR and QUICKI index were measured after four weeks of intervention. Results VCO consumption significantly reduced serum levels of MDA (p = .01), fasting insulin (p < .01) and HOMA-IR index (p < .01) and increased serum TAC (p < .01) and QUICKI index (p = .01) compared to the control group. Serum BDNF levels increased significantly in VCO group compared to the baseline (p = .02); however, this change was not significant when compared to the control group (p = .07). Conclusion VCO consumption improved oxidative stress status and insulin resistance and had a promising effect on BDNF levels in adults with MetS. Further studies are needed to understand the long-term effects of VCO consumption.

Relationships between Serum Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress and Tobacco Smoke Exposure in Patients with Mental Disorders.

The role of cigarette smoking as an aggravating factor of systemic oxidative stress in patients with mental disorders has not been extensively investigated, although significantly higher rates of smoking are recorded in these subjects in comparison with the general population. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that smoking might be an exacerbator of systemic oxidative stress, being directly correlated with the degree of exposure to tobacco smoke. We analyzed, in 76 adult subjects from a public health care unit, the relationships between serum cotinine levels as a marker of tobacco smoke exposure, and three biomarkers of oxidative stress: the serum glutathione (GSH), the advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs), and the total serum antioxidant status (FRAP). The results indicate that the degree of tobacco smoke exposure was inversely associated with GSH levels in both passive and active smokers, suggesting that smoke particulate components' toxicity is associated with a systemic GSH depletion. Paradoxically, the lowest AOPP levels which were positively associated with GSH, were recorded in active smoking patients whereas in passive smokers individual values of AOPPs decreased along with the increase in GSH levels. Our data suggest that an enhanced inhalation of particulate constituents of cigarette smoke could induce critical changes in systemic redox homeostasis and GSH can no longer exert its antioxidant role.

The Potential Relationship Between Serum Irisin Concentration With Inflammatory Cytokines, Oxidative Stress Biomarkers, Glycemic Indices and Lipid Profiles in Obese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Pilot Study.

Diabetes mellitus is a serious health-treated problem identified by disorders such as insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and inflammation. Irisin, a newly discovered myokine/adipokine, is involved in metabolic homeostasis. The present study was carried out to investigate the potential relationship between serum irisin with inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress biomarkers, glycemic indices, and lipid profiles in obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 62 participants (n=32 obese participants with diabetes, n=30 participants with normal weight). The participants answered a demographic questionnaire. Serum irisin, glycemic indices, lipid profiles, inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress biomarkers were measured using standard methods. The difference between groups was assessed by independent-sample t-test or by a non-parametric equivalent. For qualitative variables, the Chi-Square test was used. Pearson rho coefficient was used to determine the potential relationship between irisin and inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress biomarkers, glycemic indices, and lipid profiles. A p<0.05 was defined as significant. The median (IQR) age of the obese participants with diabetes was 54.0 years (52.2-60.7) and in the normal weight group was 38.0 years (30.0-47.2) (p<0.001). About 78% and 60% of participants in the obese with diabetes and the normal weight groups were females (p>0.05), respectively. Significant differences were observed in serum irisin levels between the two groups, with lower levels (218.74 ng/mL, [144.98-269.26]) noted in the obese with diabetes group compared to the normal weight group (266.68 ng/mL, [200.64-336.57]) with a p=0.024. There was a substantial difference between the two groups regarding IL-6, TNF-α, and hs-CRP (p<0.05). IL-6 had a moderate negative correlation with irisin in obese patients with T2DM (r=-0.478, p=0.006). Irisin concentration was detected to be lower in obese people with diabetes. A negative relationship was detected between irisin and IL-6. Considering emerging evidence about the beneficial functions of irisin in improving metabolic abnormalities, designing future studies with greater sample sizes that will validate these results is needed.

Are dietary and serum advanced glycation end-products related to inflammation and oxidation biomarkers in breast cancer patients: a follow-up study.

This study is aimed at evaluating the relationship between dietary and serum advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) with serum inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers in breast cancer (BC). A sample of BC patients was followed for 12 months (March 2020-January 2022). Three-day food consumption record and serum samples were taken before surgery (T1), before chemotherapy (T2), at the 6th month of chemotherapy (T3), and at the 12th month of chemotherapy (T4). Dietary AGE intake was represented by carboxymethyl lysine (dCML). Serum levels of CML, inflammation, and oxidation biomarkers were determined with biochemical blood tests. The results were compared according to human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) status. Thirty-two women with BC and 32 age and body mass index-matched healthy women participated. No significant correlation was found between dCML and serum CML, inflammatory or oxidative stress biomarkers at T1, T2, and T4. A weak positive correlation was demonstrated between dCML and serum malondialdehyde levels (rho=0.355, p=0.046) at T3. The serum CML, inflammation, and oxidation biomarker levels of the HER2- group were significantly higher than those of the HER2+ group at T1. This study suggests that there is limited correlation between dCML and serum inflammation and oxidative stress biomarkers in BC patients. Inflammation and oxidative biomarker levels appear to decline with treatment although dietary and serum AGE levels show not a corresponding significant decline. The HER2- subtype appears to be associated with higher dietary and serum AGEs and higher inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers.

Oxidative stress and antioxidant status in threatened preterm labor.

The purpose of this study was the evaluation of total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), oxidative stress index (OSI) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in women with threatened preterm labor (TPL) and also to compare the levels of these oxidative stress biomarkers of TPL pregnancies that had preterm and term deliveries. This case-control study was conducted on 46 patients diagnosed with TPL and 47 healthy pregnant women matched for gestational age. Patients with threatened preterm labor were divided into two groups: true preterm birth (TPB) group (n = 16) and false preterm birth (FPB) group (n = 30) groups. Maternal serum SOD, TOS and TAS levels were measured by a spectrophotometric method using a commertial kit. OSI level for each patient was calculated by using the formula: (TOS (μmol·H2O2·equiv/L) × 100)/(TAS (μmol·Trolox·equiv/L)). The mean TAS levels of the TPB and FPB groups were significantly lower than those of the control group (0.96 ± 0.3 vs 1.36 ± 0.34, p1 < 0.001; 0.97 ± 0.22 vs 1.36 ± 0.34, p2 < 0.001, respectively). The mean SOD, TOS and OSI levels of the TPB and FPB groups were significantly higher than those of the control group (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the TPB and FPB groups for any oxidative stress biomarkers. The maternal serum oxidative stress biomarkers are increased in pregnancies with TPL. However, these are not effective in predicting preterm birth in pregnancies with TPL.

Effects of sesamin on Aβ1-42-induced oxidative stress and LTP impairment in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease.

The present study examined the protective effect of sesamin (Ses) on β-amyloid (Aβ)-induced long-term potentiation (LTP) impairment at the PP-DG synapses in male rats. Wistar rats were randomly assigned to seven groups: control, sham, Aβ; ICV Aβ1-42 microinjection, Ses, Aβ + Ses; first, ICV Aβ injections and then receiving Ses, Ses + Aβ: four weeks of pretreatment with Ses and then Aβ injection, and Ses + Aβ + Ses: pre (four weeks) and post (four weeks) treatment with Ses. Ses-treated groups received 30mg/kg of Ses once a day by oral gavage for four weeks. After the treatment period, the animals were positioned in a stereotaxic device for surgery and field potential recording. The population spike (PS) amplitude and slope of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSP) were evaluated in the DG region. Serum oxidative stress biomarkers (total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC)) were measured. Aβ impaired LTP induction at the PP-DG synapses evidenced by a decrease in EPSP slope and PS amplitude of LTP. In Aβ rats, Ses increased EPSP slope and PS amplitude of LTP in the DG granular cells. Also, an increase in TOS and a reduction in TAC caused by Aβ were significantly corrected by Ses. Ses could prevent Aβ-induced LTP impairment at the PP-DG synapses in male rats, which can be due to its preventive effects on oxidative stress.

Association between biochemical parameters and ultrasonographic measurement for the assessment of hepatic lipidosis in dairy cows

Hepatic lipidosis (HL) is a serious metabolic disorder that affects transient high-producing dairy cows. However, there are many laboratory methods could help in the assessment of HL in dairy cows, the definite diagnosis of the disease under field conditions remains a challenge because of the non-specificity of clinical parameters. The aim of the study was to investigate the utility of serum biomarkers, and ultrasonography (US) measurement to diagnose HL in dairy cows. Forty Holstein dairy cows underwent physical examination and were divided into three groups: non-HL, mild HL, and severe HL groups based on US findings, and the concentrations of beta-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs). Ultrasound images showed hyperechoic lesions and increased pixel intensity (PI) values of liver echotexture in the HL groups. A significant increase was observed in mild and severe HL groups in the activity of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), BHBA, NEFAs, malondialdehyde (MDA), and nitric oxide (NO) while the concentrations of triglyceride (TG), glutathione (GSH), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were significantly decreased. The classification accuracy was in the interest of NEFAs (cut off 0.62 mmol/L, sensitivity 82.6%, specificity 91.7%, and an AUC of 0.913) and BHBA (cut off 1.35 mmol/L, sensitivity 91.31%, specificity of 86.4%, and an AUC 0.812) as important diagnostic parameters. This study offers new insights into the importance of serum biochemical parameters and oxidative stress biomarkers especially, AST, NEFAs, BHBA, and GSH with the digital values of US images for prompt use of minimally invasive techniques to diagnose HL under farm conditions. HIGHLIGHTS Serum metabolites and oxidative stress indices could diagnose hepatic lipidosis in dairy cows NEFA and BHBA concentrations and ultrasound digital values can use as a non-invasive way to the classification of hepatic lipidosis degrees in cows under farm condition.

Effects of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product-supplemented diet on fecal characteristics, oxidative stress, and blood gene expression of adult dogs undergoing transport stress.

Previously, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product (SCFP) was shown to positively alter fecal microbiota, fecal metabolites, oxidative stress, and circulating immune cell function of adult dogs. The objective of this study was to measure the effects of SCFP on fecal characteristics, serum oxidative stress biomarkers, and whole blood gene expression of dogs undergoing transport stress. Sixteen adult pointer dogs [8M, 8F; mean age = 6.7 ± 2.1 yr; mean body weight (BW) = 25.5 ± 3.9 kg] were used in a randomized crossover design study. All dogs were fed a control diet for 4 wk, then randomly assigned to a control or SCFP-supplemented diet (formulated to include approximately 0.13% of the active SCFP ingredient) and fed to maintain BW for 11 wk. A 6-wk washout preceded the second 11-wk experimental period with dogs receiving opposite treatments. After 11 wk, fresh fecal and blood samples were collected before and after transport in a van for 45 min. Change from baseline data (i.e., before and after transport) were analyzed using the Mixed Models procedure of SAS 9.4, with P < 0.05 being significant and P < 0.10 being trends. Change in serum malondialdehyde concentrations increased (P < 0.05) and serum 8-isoprostane concentrations tended to increase (P < 0.10) in dogs fed SCFP, but decreased (P < 0.05) in control dogs after transport. Other serum markers were unaffected by diet during transport stress. Fecal dry matter percentage tended to be affected (P < 0.10) by diet during transport stress, being reduced in control dogs, but stable in dogs fed SCFP. Other fecal characteristics were unaffected by diet during transport stress. Genes associated with activation of innate immunity were impacted by diet in response to transport stress, with blood cyclooxygenase-2 and malondialdehyde mRNA expression being increased (P < 0.05) in control dogs, but stable or decreased in dogs fed SCFP. Expression of other genes was unaffected by diet during transport stress. These data suggest that the benefits of feeding a SCFP during transport stress may be mediated through suppression of innate immune cell activation.