Serum Myelin Basic Protein Levels Research Articles

Effect of Dexmedetomidine-Assisted Intravenous Inhalation Combined Anesthesia on Cerebral Oxygen Metabolism and Serum Th1/Th2 Level in Elderly Colorectal Cancer Patients.

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of dexmedetomidine-assisted intravenous inhalation combined anesthesia on cerebral oxygen metabolism and serum Th1/Th2 levels in elderly patients with colorectal cancer.MethodFrom April 2018 to May 2020,100 elderly patients undergoing elective laparoscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer were prospectively selected and randomly divided into observation group and control group. Before induction of anesthesia, the loading dose of dexmedetomidine was given at 0.5 μg/kg, and the infusion time was 15 min. After tracheal intubation, 0.4 μg/kg/h dexmedetomidine was continuously pumped, and the infusion was stopped 40 min before the end of the operation. In the control group, the same amount of 0.9% sodium chloride was injected intravenously in the same way. 30 min before induction of anesthesia (T0), immediately before induction of anesthesia (T1), immediately after tracheal intubation (T2), 40 min before operation (T3), and immediately after operation (T4), record the blood oxygen content of the artery and internal jugular vein Difference (D(a-jv)O2), brain oxygen uptake rate (COER%), brain oxygen saturation (rSO2) mean. VAS scale, Ramsay scale, MoCA scale were taken at 6, 12, 24, and 48 h postoperatively to evaluate analgesia, sedation, and cognitive function. And monitor the levels of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-4 (IL-4), myelin basic protein (MBP), neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and S100β. The occurrence of restlessness and adverse reactions during the recovery period of the two groups were compared.ResultThe levels of D(a-jv)O2, COER%, and rSO2 in the control group and observation group were higher than the preoperative basic values at T2, T3, and T4 (P < 0.05); The levels of D(a-jv)O2, COER%, and rSO2 in the observation group were lower than those in the control group at T2, T3, and T4 (P < 0.05). The VAS score and Ramsay score of the observation group were lower than those of the control group at 6, 12, 24, and 48 h after surgery, while the MoCA score was higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). In addition, the serum IFN-γ, MBP, NSE and S100β levels of the observation group were lower than those of the control group (P < 0.05), and the ratio of IFN-γ/IL-4 was higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). The overall incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was lower than that in the control group [32.0% (16/50) vs. 12.0% (6/50), P < 0.05].ConclusionDexmedetomidine-assisted combined intravenous and inhalation anesthesia is beneficial to reduce perioperative cerebral oxygen metabolism and improve postoperative immunosuppression in elderly patients with colorectal cancer. It has a certain protective effect on nerve injury after operation, thus improving the cognitive function of patients and reducing the occurrence of adverse reactions.

Serum Concentration of Myelin Basic Protein as a Prognostic Marker in Mild-to-moderate Head Injury Patients: A Prospective Study in a Tertiary Care Center

Abstract Objective To estimate the level of myelin basic protein (MBP) and look for its validity in outcome prediction among mild-to-moderate head injury patients. Materials and Methods It was a prospective study done at the Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University from Jan 2018 to July 2019. All patients who presented to us within 48 hours of injury with mild-to-moderate head injury with apparently normal CT brain were include in the study. The serum sample were collected on the day of admission and 48 hours later, and patients were treated with standard protocols and observed 6 months postdischarge. Results Of the 32 patients enrolled, we observed mean MBP level was higher for severity of brain damage, but not associated with age, mode of injury, and radiological diagnosis. Mean MBP levels were not statistically associated with Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score at admission but was correlated to outcome with p &lt; 0.05, with sensitivity of 50% and specificity 72%, that is, patients with good outcome have lower mean MBP levels. Conclusion MBP as per our analysis can be used as a prognostic marker in patients with head injury. It is not the absolute value rather a trend showing rise in serum MBP levels, which carries a significant value in outcome prediction.

Associations of Serum Cytokine Levels and Interleukin-6-572C/G Polymorphism with Myelin Damage in Chinese Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Increasing evidence suggests that immunological disturbances and abnormalities in axonal myelination are involved in the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The present study aimed to determine the role of cytokines in myelin damage in Chinese children with ASD and the role of cytokine dysregulation, myelin damage, and cytokine polymorphisms in ASD in Chinese children. The present case-control study included 98 ASD subjects and 252 typically developing (TD) controls; the levels of serum cytokines and myelin basic protein (MBP) were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cytokine polymorphisms were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Autistic clinical manifestations were assessed by the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS). The results showed that serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2R, IL-6, IL-8, and MBP were higher in children with ASD compared with those in TD children. In individuals with ASD, serum MBP level was significantly positively associated with the CARS total score, and serum levels of IL-1β, IL-2R, IL-6, and MBP demonstrated positive correlations. The data identified IL-6*MBP as a factor that influenced the risk of ASD, and IL-2R*MBP was identified as a factor that influenced symptom severity, which influenced auxiliary diagnosis of ASD. The presence of the interleukin-6-572CC genotype was associated with significantly higher serum levels of IL-6 and MBP but did not influence the risk and symptom severity of ASD. Therefore, the results suggested inflammatory responses and myelin damage in Chinese children with ASD. Cytokine dysregulation influenced myelin damage in ASD; moreover, the interactions of the cytokines and myelin damage influenced the risk and symptom severity of ASD. The IL-6-572C/G genotypes may be associated with myelin damage in ASD by influencing the circulating level of IL-6.

Changes and clinical significance of serum NSE and MBP levels in children with cerebral palsy at high altitude during comprehensive rehabilitation

Objective: To explore the changes of serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and myelin basic protein (MBP) in children with cerebral palsy at high altitude during comprehensive rehabilitation and their clinical significance. Methods: A clinical randomized controlled study design was used to select 144 children with cerebral palsy who were diagnosed and treated in the Rehabilitation Center of Xining Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Qinghai Province from June 2018 to October 2019, including 83 males and 61 females, aged 3-5 years old. According to the order of admission, the random number table was used to divide into a conventional treatment group (n=72, 40 males and 32 females) and a comprehensive treatment group (n=72, 43 males and 29 females). The conventional treatment group was treated with conventional rehabilitation. The comprehensive treatment group was treated with monosialotetrahexose ganglioside sodium on the basis of conventional rehabilitation. In addition, 30 healthy children aged 3-5 years, 16 males and 14 females, were selected as the control group during the physical examination of the Pediatrics Department of Xining Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qinghai Province. The serum levels of NSE and MBP in each group were detected, and the children's GMFM-88 scores were evaluated before and after treatment. The SPSS19.0 software was used for statistical analysis, the count data was tested by χ2. Results: The serum NSE and MBP levels of the control group were (5.96±0.80), (0.71±0.15) μg/L. Before treatment, the serum NSE and MBP levels of children with severe, moderate, and mild cerebral palsy were [(21.63±1.92), (3.63±0.49) μg/L], [(17.86±1.43) μg/L, (2.21±0.07) μg/L] and [(15.14±0.95), (1.76±0.30) μg/L], respectively. After treatment, the serum NSE and MBP levels of the conventional treatment group and the comprehensive treatment group were [(13.54±2.41), (2.07±0.85) μg/L] and [(12.09±2.37), (1.81±0.69) μg/L], respectively, and the GMFM-88 score was (116.75±27.41) points and (125.94±24.93) points. The levels of NSE and MBP in the serum of children with cerebral palsy were significantly higher than those of normal children in the control group, and their levels increased with the degree of disease, and the corresponding gross motor function scores were lower. After treatment, the GMFM-88 scale assessment scores of the two groups of children were significantly improved (t values were 310.97 and 70.86, P values were both<0.05), and serum NSE and MBP levels decreased to varying degrees compared with before treatment. The decline in the comprehensive treatment group was greater than that in the conventional treatment group. Conclusions: Serum NSE and MBP levels in children with cerebral palsy at high altitude are significantly higher than those in healthy children, and their levels are closely related to the degree of impairment and GMFM-88 scores in children with cerebral palsy. Dynamic monitoring of changes in NSE and MBP levels may be responsible for the condition and treatment effects of children with cerebral palsy judgments based.

Serum and Saliva Myelin Basic Protein as Multiple Sclerosis Biomarker.

Introduction:Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is presented with motor and sensory function loss. It is caused by demyelination and following axonal lesion. As Myelin Basic Protein (MBP) is one of the key elements of the myelin cover, we examined the level of MBP in serum, stimulated, and unstimulated saliva as a suitable biomarker for detecting MS.Methods:A case-control study was performed in 29 healthy women and 32 definitive relapsing-remitting MS patients hospitalized in Imam Reza hospital, Tehran, Iran. MBP level was assayed in serum and stimulated and unstimulated whole saliva.Results:MBP was expressed at a lower level in serum and stimulated saliva of MS patients compared to the control group. The serum MBP level had a considerable correlation with its stimulated saliva level. The receiver operating characteristic analysis showed significant diagnostic ability for MBP to discriminate MS patients with serum and stimulated saliva from controls.Conclusion:Serum and saliva level of MBP is lower in MS, so it may be considered a potential biomarker in MS.

Serum Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Glaucoma.

Despite the importance of the early detection of glaucoma, most patients with progressive glaucoma show minimal symptoms. We aimed to evaluate biomarkers for glaucoma diagnosis in Korea. Forty-two volunteers with/without open-angle glaucoma were enrolled from January through October 2015—divided into a control or open-angle glaucoma group, which was further divided into normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) and high-tension glaucoma (HTG) groups—and underwent assessments for myelin basic protein (MBP), heat shock protein 60, anti-Sjögren’s-syndrome-related antigen A (SSA) and antigen B (SSB), anti-α-fodrin, and anti-nucleic acid. The glaucoma group showed a higher serum MBP level and lower serum anti-α-fodrin antibody level than the control group (p < 0.05). The NTG group showed higher serum anti-SSA and anti-SSB levels and lower anti-α-fodrin IgG/IgA levels than the HTG group. In the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the area under the curve (AUC) for serum MBP level was 0.917 in discriminating between controls and patients with glaucoma. Between the NTG and HTG groups, anti-SSA, anti-SSB, and anti-α-fodrin IgG/IgA levels showed an AUC above 0.8. Thus, these biomarkers were useful for diagnosing glaucoma and discriminating between controls and patients with glaucoma, and patients with NTG and HTG.

Changes of myelin basic protein expression in the white matter of young rats with sepsis

Objective To investigate the relationship between endotoxin infection and demyelinating lesions of the central nervous system, and to provide evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods Sixty-four healthy Wistar rats(18 days old), weighting 30~40 g, were randomly divided into two groups: control group and lipopolysaccharide(LPS) group.LPS group was intraperitoneally injected with 5 mg/kg LPS to prepare rat sepsis model.The control group received intraperitoneal injection of saline of equal volume.All surving animals were anesthetized at the set time 2 h, 4 h, 6 h and 12 h after administration(8 rats at each time point), and craniotomy after taking blood from the heart.Myelin injury was staining by luxol fast blue.Immunohistochemical staining and Western blot were used to detect the expression of myelin basic protein(MBP) in rat brain at different time points.The expression of the MBP protein in serum detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Results Observed under light microscope after luxol fast blue staining, the myelin sheath of the white matter in the brain was disordered, sparse and stained lightly from 6 to 12 hours in LPS group.Western blot analysis and immunohistochemical test results showed that the expression of MBP protein in the LPS group was decreased compared with the control group at 2 h, 4 h and 6 h after LPS administration(P 0.05). The serum ELISA results showed that the serum MBP levels in the LPS group increased at 2 h, 4 h, 6 h and 12 h after LPS administration(P<0.05). Conclusion In rat sepsis model, MBP protein expression in the white matter decreases, serum MBP protein content increases, and the decreasing of MBP protein expression is associated with matter myelin injury. Key words: Lipopolysaccharide; Sepsis; Demyelination; Myelin basic protein

Serum microtubule associated protein tau and myelin basic protein as the potential markers of brain ischaemia-reperfusion injury in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy

Introduction. In the prevention of ischaemic stroke the recommended surgical procedure is carotid endarterectomy (CEA). However, surgical treatment of atherosclerotic stenosis may cause neurological complications. The aim of the study was to investigate consequential brain ischaemia-reperfusion injury by measuring the cerebral specific markers, the microtubule associated protein tau (MAPt) and myelin basic protein (MBP) in the serum of patients that underwent CEA. Material and methods. This study involved 25 participants who underwent CEA due to internal carotid artery stenosis. Blood samples were taken from each patient at three different intervals; within 24 hours prior to surgery, 12 hours after the surgery, and 48 hours after the surgery. Serum MAPt and MBP levels were measured by a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results. The study showed that serum MAPt and MBP levels were statistically significantly decreased 12 hours after CEA compared to the level before the surgery (p l 0.05), but MAPt and MBP levels were normalized 48 hours after CEA. There was statistically significant correlation in serum MAPt levels with the velocity of blood flow in the internal carotid artery 12 and 48 hours after CEA (p l 0.05). Conclusions. Data from our study showed that CEA affects serum neuromarkers levels, such as MAPt and MBP, in patients with significant internal carotid artery stenosis. MAPt and MBP levels showed characteristic time curve in patients who underwent CEA and did not experience any neurological deficit in perioperative period. Possible alterations of this time curve may potentially be an index of a neurological event occurrence.

The value of MR diffusion tensor imaging in evaluating diffuse axonal injury

Objective To investigate the clinical value of MR diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in evaluating diffuse axonal injury (DAI). Methods The DTI imaging data of DAI patients and healthy volunteers were analyzed retrospectively. Fractional anisotropy (FA) values were measured in corpus callosum, etc. The serum myelin basic protein (MBP) was detected. Results Compared to the control group, the FA values were lower in genu of corpus callosum, splenium of corpus callosum, anterior limb of the internal capsule, posterior limb of the internal capsule and thalamus in DAI group (P<0.01, P<0.05). The mean FA values of two groups were negatively correlated with serum MBP levels (r=-0.755, P=0.001). Conclusions DTI can noninvasively reflect the damages of white matter fibers in DAI patients, and it has importantly clinical significance in evaluating prognosis and therapeutic effect of DAI patients. Key words: Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging; Diffuse axonal injury/RA

Dexamethasone therapy for preventing delayed encephalopathy after carbon monoxide poisoning

We investigated dexamethasone therapy for preventing delayed encephalopathy after carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. Eighty healthy male rats were exposed to CO and randomly divided into four groups: hyperbaric oxygen treatment (H), treatment (D), combined hyperbaric and dexamethasone treatment (C), and a control (M) group in which the rats inhaled CO to coma in the hyperbaric oxygen chamber, then were removed without further treatment. Twelve rats were put into the hyperbaric oxygen chamber and treated with air for 60 min (N) group. An eight arm maze was used to evaluate cognitive and memory abilities of these mice. Serum myelin basic protein (MBP) levels were evaluated using ELISA, and magnetic resonance imaging was used to observe brain demyelination and morbidity associated with delayed encephalopathy. A sample of the hippocampus from each group was examined by light microscopy. Cognitive and memory functions decreased in the control group M. Three days after CO poisoning, the serum MBP level of each group increased significantly. On Day 10 after CO poisoning, the MBP levels in groups C and D decreased significantly, but returned to normal on Day 18. MBP levels in the M and H groups were elevated at all time points. Brain MRIs showed significant differences among C, D, H and control M groups. Hematoxylin & eosin staining of the hippocampus showed greater damage in the control M and H groups. Early dexamethasone treatment may be useful for preventing delayed encephalopathy after CO poisoning and may reduce serum MBP levels.

Myelin basic protein and ischemia modified albumin levels in acute ischemic stroke cases.

Objective:To investigate early diagnostic effects of serum myelin basic protein (MBP) and ischemic modified albumin (IMA) levels in patients with ischemic stroke.Methods:Fifty patients who presented to an emergency service with acute ischemic stroke between June 2013 to March 2014 were evaluated with the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Thirty four healthy cases were included as control group. All patients’ serum IMA and MBP level were assessed.Results:Mean IMA value was 0.52±0.25 cases with acute ischemic stroke and serum IMA levels were significantly higher than the control group (p<0.01). No statistical significance was observed between acute ischemic stroke group and control group related to the MBP serum levels (P>0.05). Statistically significant correlation was detected between the volumes of diffusion restriction on MRI and NIHSS score (P=0.002, r=0.43) and IMA (P=0.015, r=0.344) levels.Conclusions:We have found that serum IMA levels are elevated in acute ischemic stroke cases and these levels are correlated with the ischemic tissue volume. MBP levels do not increase in early period of stroke cases.

Combining Serum Protein Concentrations to Diagnose Schizophrenia

It is difficult for clinicians to diagnose schizophrenia solely based on interviews. We explored the diagnostic efficiency and predictive capability of serum biomarkers for schizophrenia. Levels of β nerve growth factor (β-NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interferon γ (IFN-γ), calcium binding protein S100β, myelin basic protein (MBP), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were measured in the sera of 278 schizophrenia patients, 240 depression and bipolar disorder patients, and 260 healthy controls. DSM-IV-TR criteria were used as the diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia and depressive and bipolar disorders. The diagnostic efficiency was high in patients with schizophrenia compared with the healthy controls. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to ascertain the diagnostic efficiency of the 8 proteins. Data were collected between July 2010 and December 2012. One-way analysis of variance significantly demonstrated lower serum BDNF, MBP, and GFAP levels (F = 16.504, P < .001; F = 207.209, P < .001; F = 33.668, P < .001, respectively) but higher serum IL-6 and S100β concentrations (F = 15.250, P < .001; F = 12.751, P < .001, respectively) among patients with schizophrenia. ROC analysis of the discriminant scores of the serum β-NGF, BDNF, IL-6, S100β, MBP, and GFAP levels resulted in significant discrimination between the schizophrenia and control groups (AUC = 0.922) and the depressive/bipolar disorder and control groups (AUC = 0.762). Serum levels of 6 proteins (but not TNF-α and IFN-γ) contribute most to the diagnosis of schizophrenia. These proteins may prove to be useful adjuncts for the clinical assessment of this disease.

Effect of Erythropoietin on Serum Brain-derived Biomarkers after Carbon Monoxide Poisoning in Rats.

Erythropoietin has been shown to exert neuroprotective effects in a variety of CNS injury models. Elevation of serum S100β, as a glial damage marker and myelin basic protein (MBP) has been reported to occur in acute carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of erythropoietin (EPO) on serum S100β and MBP levels after CO poisoning in rats. Rats were poisoned with a mixture of 3000 PPM CO in air for 65 min. After exposure, half of the rats received 5000 u/kg EPO and the rest received normal saline. At 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 144, and 336 hr after exposure samples were taken. Additionally, EPO was administered at three lower doses (625, 1250 and 2500 u/kg). The serum S100β and MBP levels were measured using immunoenzymatic colorimetric assay. Hemoglobin level was alsomeasured. Serum S100β levels in CO poisoned rats were significantly higher compared to the control group [6 hr (P< 0.01), 12 hr (P< 0. 001), 24 hr (P< 0.001), 48 hr (P< 0.008) and 72 hr (P< 0.008)]. EPO administration could significantly prevent serum S100β elevations after 12 hr (P< 0.008) and 24 hr (P< 0.008) of CO poisoning. Serum MBP levels in CO poisoned rats were not significantly increased in comparison with the control group (P> 0.05). EPO significantly increased the hemoglobin levels. EPO could partially prevent neuronal damage. More studies are required to elucidate other aspects of these effects.

Effects of n-hexane exposure on human serum myelin basic proteins

To explore the effects of n-hexane on expression of serum myelin proteins (MBP) in workers occupationally exposed to n-hexane. In this study, 269 workers exposed to n-hexane for more than one year and 104 subjects not exposed to n-hexane served as the exposure group and the control group, respectively. The urinary 2,5-hexanedione levels in all subjects were detected. On the basis of urinary 2,5-hexanedione levels, the exposure group was divided into the high exposure sub-group and low exposure sub-group. The serum myelin basic protein (MBP) levels were measured by ELISA kit. The mean concentration of urinary 2,5-hexanedione in the exposed group was (3.10 +/- 1.35) mg/L. The concentration of urinary 2,5-hexanedione in the control group was undetectable. The levels of serum MBP in the high exposure sub-group and low exposure sub-group were (2.43 +/- 0.24) and (1.62 +/- 0.23) microg/L, respectively, which were significantly higher than that (0.78 +/- 0.12) microg/L in the controls (P < 0.01). Pearson correlation analysis showed the positive correlation between serum MBP levels and urinary 2,5-hexanedione levels (r = 0.781, P < 0.01). The results of present study showed that the serum MBP levels of workers occupationally exposed to n-hexane significantly elevated, and the serum MBP can serve as the effective biomarker of n-hexane exposure.

The dynamic changes and its clinic values of serum S100B、 NSE、 MBP in patients with carbon monoxide poisoning

Objective To explore the clinical significance and the dynamic changes of serum S 100B, neuron specific Enolase（NSE）, myelin basic protein（MBP） in patients with carbon monoxide poisoning. Methods 185 carbon monoxide poisoning patients and 30 healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study. The serum S 100B, NSE, MBP at admission were measured in all cases, and in the following two days for the 60 moderate and severe patients.Rasulta The moderate and severe patients had higher S100B, NSE level at admission than the controls and the mild patients, but MBp level at admission were significantly different among the three groups.Compared with the survivor group,death group had higher S100B, NSE, MBP in all three days.In death group, both S100B and NSE increased remarkably in the second day and kept higher level in the third day, but MBP level were not significantly different in all three days for the death group. For the survivors group, no difference were found for these index among the three days.Conclusions The serum MBP level at admission was related with the severity of carbon monoxide poisoning.Dynamic analysis of serum NSE and S100B could effectively evaluate the progress and prognosis of the patients with carbon monoxide poisoning. Key words: Carbon monoxidepoisoning; S100B; NSE; MBP; Prognosis

Diagnostic significance of serum neuron-specific enolase and myelin basic protein assay in patients with acute head injury

BACKGROUND Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and myelin basic protein (MBP) in the peripheral venous blood (PVB) have been reported to be sensitive markers for judging the prognosis of patients with head injury. However, to our knowledge, the levels of NSE and MBP in the internal jugular venous blood (IJVB) have never been studied. METHODS In 25 patients with acute head injury, blood samples were taken from the internal jugular vein and the peripheral vein at the same time before any medical or surgical procedure was performed. The levels of NSE and MBP in the both venous blood samples were measured. The time interval between injury and sampling was 1.5–8.0 hours (mean 4.3 hours). The levels of NSE and MBP in the IJVB were compared to those in the PVB. The relationship between the clinical outcome and the serum levels of those was evaluated. RESULTS The levels of NSE and MBP in the IJVB were almost equal to those in the PVB. The levels of NSE and MBP were significantly higher in the patients who died than in those who survived. In the survivors, the levels of NSE and MBP in the IJVB were 17.6 ± 11.4 ng/ml and 1.4 ± 1.5 ng/ml, whereas in the patients who died, both levels were elevated to 51.3 ± 27.3 ng/ml ( p < 0.005) and to 11.3 ± 9.5 ng/ml ( p < 0.01), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The assay of serum NSE and MBP levels provides a reliable laboratory indicator of the degree of brain damage and allows early prediction of the prognosis in patients with acute head injury.

Diagnostic significance of serum neuron-specific enolase and myelin basic protein assay in patients with acute head injury.

Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and myelin basic protein (MBP) in the peripheral venous blood (PVB) have been reported to be sensitive markers for judging the prognosis of patients with head injury. However, to our knowledge, the levels of NSE and MBP in the internal jugular venous blood (IJVB) have never been studied. In 25 patients with acute head injury, blood samples were taken from the internal jugular vein and the peripheral vein at the same time before any medical or surgical procedure was performed. The levels of NSE and MBP in the both venous blood samples were measured. The time interval between injury and sampling was 1.5-8.0 hours (mean 4.3 hours). The levels of NSE and MBP in the IJVB were compared to those in the PVB. The relationship between the clinical outcome and the serum levels of those was evaluated. The levels of NSE and MBP in the IJVB were almost equal to those in the PVB. The levels of NSE and MBP were significantly higher in the patients who died than in those who survived. In the survivors, the levels of NSE and MBP in the IJVB were 17.6 +/- 11.4 ng/ml and 1.4 +/- 1.5 ng/ml, whereas in the patients who died, both levels were elevated to 51.3 +/- 27.3 ng/ml (p < 0.005) and to 11.3 +/- 9.5 ng/ml (p < 0.01), respectively. The assay of serum NSE and MBP levels provides a reliable laboratory indicator of the degree of brain damage and allows early prediction of the prognosis in patients with acute head injury.

Radioimmunoassay of serum myelin basic protein and its application to patients with cerebrovascular accident

Myelin basic protein-like immunoactivity was measured in the serum of patients after cerebrovascular accident (CVA) using a double antibody radioimmunoassay for myelin basic protein with a detection limit of 3 ng/ml serum. For up to 6 days after ictus, serum myelin basic protein levels in patients with severe CVA and patients who died as a result of CVA were significantly greater than those in control patients, patients with moderate CVA and patients surviving CVA. All patients with serum myelin basic protein levels greater than the range found in control subjects subsequently died. Serial dilutions of positive sera suggested that the immunoactivity differs from authentic myelin basic protein and may represent breakdown products of the protein. Serum from some patients with a previous history of moderate CVA had myelin basic protein binding activity consistent with the presence of antibodies to the protein.