Serum Levels Of SGOT Research Articles

A rare case report of acute acalculous cholecystitis in active chronic hepatitis C virus infection

Acute acalculous cholecystitis (AAC) is an inflammation of gallbladder with absence of gall stones or bile sludge. Daily cases reported about 90-95% of the acute cholecystitis present with gall stone, while only 5-15% occur without gall stones obstruction. AAC is reported associated with Epstein bar virus infection, hepatitis B virus and hepatitis A virus. Hepatitis C-induced AAC cases still rare. This case report presents a 49-years-old female patient with epigastric pain, nausea, yellowish sclera, tea urine color, pale stool and there was a history of the patient's husband with hepatitis C. On physical examination there was epigastric and right hypochondriac pain, and positive murphy sign. There was leukocytosis, hyperbilirubinemia and an increase in SGPT (1.360 U/L) and SGOT (1.720 U/L). Antibodies to HCV were positive. Abdominal ultrasonography showed cholecystitis with no biliary duct dilatation and no parenchymal liver disease appearance The patient was diagnosed with acute chronic hepatitis C and cholecystitis. Pathophysiology of hepatitis C induced AAC is not fully understood, but is thought to be due to complexes immune, directly infect gallbladder and proximal biliary epithelial cells uncontrolled, increased portal/septal myofibroblasts activity and inflammation. The presence of AAC with an increase in serum levels of SGOT and SGPT 5-10 times the normal limit should be suspected due to acute hepatitis viral infection. Further research still needs to be done to determine the relationship between hepatitis C and the incidence of AAC.

Enhanced anticancer activity of combined treatment of imatinib and dipyridamole in solid Ehrlich carcinoma-bearing mice.

The current study was designed to evaluate potential enhancement of the anticancer activity of imatinib mesylate (IM) with dipyridamole (DIP) and to investigate the underlying mechanisms of the combined therapy (IM/DIP) to reduce hepatotoxicity of IM in solid Ehrlich carcinoma (SEC)-bearing mice. SEC was induced in female albino mice as a model for experimentally induced breast cancer. Mice were randomly divided into seven groups (n = 10): SEC vehicle, IM50 (50mg/kg), IM100 (100mg/kg), DIP (35mg/kg), a combination of IM50/DIP and IM100/DIP. On day 28th, mice were sacrificed and blood samples were collected for hematological studies. Biochemical determination of liver markers was evaluated. Glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels were assessed. In addition, MDR-1 gene expression and immunohistochemical staining of BAX and BCL-2 was done. Also, in vitro experiment for determination of IC50 of different treatments and combination index (CI) were assessed in both MCF-7 and HCT-116 cell lines. IM- and/or DIP-treated groups showed a significant reduction in tumor volume, weight, and serum levels of SGOT, SGPT, and AIP compared to vehicle group. In addition, reduction of VEGF, Ki67, and adenosine contents was also reported by treated groups. Also, IM/DIP combination showed lower IC50 than monotherapy. Combination index is less than 1 for IM/DIP combination in both cell lines. DIP as an adjuvant therapy potentiated the cytotoxic effect of IM, ameliorated its hepatic toxicity, and showed synergistic effect with IM in vitro cell lines. Furthermore, the resistance against IM therapy may be overcome by the use of DIP independent on mdr-1 gene expression.

Electrochemiluminescence Epidemiologic Detection of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Pregnant Women With Direct and Indirect Diagnostic Techniques (ELISA Avidity Plus Biochemical Assay), Tehran, Iran

Background and aims: Toxoplasmosis is a very common disease in the world and has two types, including chronic and acute toxoplasmosis. In the chronic toxoplasmosis, the abnormality of tissue function is negligible, but in acute toxoplasmosis, the function of the reticuloendothelial system is interrupted and the assessment of Toxoplasma antibody with tissue enzymes is very essential in this stage. In addition, in some conditions, serum ferritin increases in the acute phase of the infectious disease. In congenital toxoplasmosis, the evaluation of biochemical factors and IgG avidity test is important for detecting the acute congenital toxoplasmosis in pregnant women. Based on the above-mentioned explanations, the present study aimed to evaluate the biochemical factors in patients with acute toxoplasmosis (congenital toxoplasmosis) among the Iranian population using electrochemiluminescence and IgG ELISA avidity. Methods: The study was based on a comparative abundance study and was conducted from March to June 2017. Material included 980 serum and amniotic fluid samples collected from human blood with a high level of IgG antibody against Toxoplasma gondii in Rajaie Center, Tehran, Iran. The standard and the main tests included the ELISA assay and the measurement of the liver transaminases (i.e., SGOT and SGPT), along with/namely bilirubin and ferritin used to detect IgG antibodies and to evaluate the acute toxoplasmosis, respectively. Finally, the results were analyzed by SPSS software. Results: The results showed that the level of liver transaminases, namely, serum bilirubin and ferritin increase in some patients with a high level of IgG avidity antibody against Toxoplasma gondii. For example, the mean serum levels of SGOT was 108 IU/L in 120 patients with acute toxoplasmosis and the mean serum bilirubin was about 5 mg/dL in 80 patients. Conclusion: Overall, in acute congenital toxoplasmosis, the evaluation of IgG AVIDITY is regarded as the first step and then the measurement of biochemical factors such as serum transaminases, serum bilirubin, and serum ferritin is important.

A Comparative Study of Biologically and Chemically Fabricated Synthesized AgNPs’ Supplementation with Respect to Heat-Shock Proteins, Survival, and Hatching Rates of Chicken Embryos: An In Ovo Study

The present study examined the characterization and concentration of Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata f. rubra (BOL, commonly known as red cabbage) extracted AgNPs (BOL-AgNPs) and chemically (CHE) synthesized AgNPs (CHE-AgNPs) in chicken embryos through in ovo injections. We investigated the effects of both AgNPs on the survival, hatchability, body weight, and expressions of heat-shock proteins (HSPs). The BOL-AgNPs and CHE-AgNPs at (T1) amounted 100, at (T2) 1000, at (T3) 2500, and at (T4) 5000 µg/100 µl/egg, respectively through in ovo injections. At the end of the experimental period, the body and liver weights of the chicks were altered between the groups and among the concentrations. The serum levels of SGOT and SGPT were significantly increased at BOL-T3 and -T4. Survival and hatching rates were more reduced in the BOL-T3- and -T4-treated groups than at BOL-T1 and -T2. Nevertheless, they were more diminished in the CHE-AgNPs than in the BOL-AgNPs. The CHE-AgNPs revealed the presence of micronuclei and nuclear abnormalities, in contrast to BOL-T4. The mRNA and protein expressions of HSP-60 and 70 in the liver were higher in CHE-AgNPs than in BOL-AgNPs. Hence, plant-synthesized AgNPs are superior in ovo nano-nutrition carriers of nutrients without toxicity than CHE-AgNPs.

Protective Effects of Omega Supplement on Induced Hepatic Mal-Function by Thioacetamide in Male Rats

Background: Exposure to thioacetamide causes hepatotoxicity and hepatocellular carcinoma in human, while fish oil omega-3 supplement has anti-inflammatory effects. Objectives: In this study, the protective effect of fish oil omega-3 supplement against induced hepatic mal-function by thioacetamide in rat is investigated. Methods: In this experimental study, 42 male rats were divided into 6 groups of seven. The control group, the sham 1 group receiving 0.4 mL/kg olive oil as the solvent of fish oil omega-3 supplement, the sham 2 group inter peritonealy receiving a dose of 150 mg/kg thioacetamide at the end of the experiment, the experimental groups 1, 2 and 3 orally receiving a daily dose of 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg fish oil omega-3 supplements respectively for 3 month followed by an inter peritoneal dose of 150 mg/kg thioacetamide at the end of the experiment. The serum levels of SGOT, SGPT, ALP, GGT, LDH, albumin, bilirubin and total protein were measured. Following hematoxylin-eosin staining, liver tissue samples were pathologically studied. The data were analyzed by SPSS-18 program and using one way ANOVA and Tukey as post hoc test. Results: The mean concentration of SGPT and bilirubin showed a significant decrease in the experimental group 1 compared to the group receiving thioacetamide. Similarly, the mean level of Albumin showed a significant reduction in experimental groups 1, 2 and 3 receiving thioacetamide. Also, the mean concentration of GGT in the experimental groups 1 and 2 compared to the group receiving thioacetamide decreased significantly; whereas, the mean levels of LDH, ALP, SGOT and total protein showed no significant changes in the experimental groups 1, 2, and 3. Finally, the tissue changes in all three experimental groups improved compared to the group receiving thioacetamide, and these effects were dose-dependent (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that fish oil omega-3 supplement has a protective effect on induced hepatic mal-function by thioacetamide in rat.

Protective effects of &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Hemidesmus indicus&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; var. pubescens root extract on paracetamol induced hepatic damage

Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. var. pubescens (W. & A.) H k. f. was evaluated for hepatoprotective property against paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar albino rats. In this study, methanol extract of the leaves of H. indicus var. pubescens at doses 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight were administered p.o. along with paracetamol at the dose 1 g/kg b.w for 7 days. . On the 8 th day, serum biochemical estimations were carried out to measure the serum levels of SGOT, SGPT, ALP, total proteins, albumin and total bilirubin. Histopathological examination of liver sections was also performed to study the extent of damage to hepatic parenchyma. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the extract was carried out to find out the presence of various phytoconstituents. HPTLC fingerprint profiles of the detected phytoconstituents were also obtained. Daily administration of paracetamol caused profound hepatic damage as evidenced by the significant elevation of liver transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin and triglycerides. Hepatotoxicity also caused a significant fall in serum levels of total proteins, albumin and high density lipoprotein. There was significant depletion of hepatic levels of glutathione. These biochemical aberrations were corrected in the animals pretreated with HILM 200 and 400 mg/kg. Phytochemical screening of the extract revealed the presence of vital phytoocnstituents in the extract which could have contributed to the hepatoprotective effect of the plant. The findings of the study prove that H. indicus var. pubescens possess significant hepatoprotective properties.

The prevalence of pancreatitis in organophosphate poisonings.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of pancreatitis in cases of organophosphate (OP) poisonings admitted to Yüzüncü Yil University Teaching Hospital over an 18-month period. A total of 47 patients of acute poisoning with OP insecticides attended the Emergency Department of the Yüzüncü Yil Medical School Hospital, from May 1999 to December 2000, and were prospectively studied. Serum amylase and lipase levels were studied with colorimetric assay. Serum SGOT, SGPT, LDH, CPK, K levels, leukocyte count and total hospitalization days were also evaluated. Four of 47 patients had obviously elevated amylase and lipase levels (amylase >300 U/L, lipase >60 U/L). Only two of the patients with amylase levels between 100 and 300 U/L had also elevated levels of lipase. None of the patients with normal amylase levels had elevated levels of lipase. A total of 12.76% was diagnosed as acute pancreatitis. Acute pancreatitis as a complication of OP intoxication is not a rare condition. In order to improve the outcome of OP poisoning, early diagnosis of acute pancreatitis is important and serum levels of amylase and lipase should be routinely considered carefully. In acute pancreatitis, serum levels of SGOT, SGPT, LDH and leukocyte counts may also be found to be elevated. However, serum K levels are only slightly decreased.

A phase I/II study of the use of Fluosol® as an adjuvant to radiation therapy in the treatment of primary high-grade brain tumors

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a perfluorochemical emulsion, Fluosol®, with short-term high inspired oxygen tension as an adjuvant to radiation therapy in the treatment of high-grade tumors of the brain. Radiation was delivered to the whole brain at 1.8 Gy per daily treatment for 5 weeks to a total dose of 45 Gy. The radiation portals were then reduced in size to encompass the known volume of tumor, as determined by the presurgical contrast-enhancing ring on computed tomography (CT), plus a 3-cm margin. An additional 10 treatments of 2 Gy each were given to the smaller volume, to bring the total tumor dose to 65 Gy in 7 weeks. This report describes the experience of the first 18 patients treated at the University of Kansas Medical Center on this study, whose median follow-up time from the date of surgery is 77 weeks (62–115 w). Immediately following Fluosol® administration on a Monday, patients breathed 100% oxygen for at least 45 minutes prior to and throughout their radiation treatment. On each subsequent day of the weeks in which they received Fluosol®, patients breathed 100% oxygen. Hematology and blood chemistries were also drawn prior to Fluosol® treatment each Friday during treatment and at the 2-week, 3-month, and 6-month follow-up visits. The median age of the patients was 45 years (16–72); 13 patients were male and 15 carried the diagnosis of glioblastoma multiforme (3 had anaplastic astrocytoma). Two thirds of the patients had an initial allergic reaction to the Fluosol® consisting of back pain, shortness of breath, and flushing, but all responded to 50–100 mg of Benadryl. During radiation therapy, all patients developed scalp erythema and complete alopecia by the end of 3 weeks, but no patient required a treatment rest. The serum levels of SGOT, SGPT, and alkaline phosphatase were examined before and throughout the Fluosol® treatment and, by week 5, 11 18 of the patients had increased values of all three enzymes above the upper range of normal. These increases persisted through the end of treatment, but most values returned to essentially normal by the 3-month follow-up visit. We conclude that Fluosol®, given in the manner described above, appears to be associated with minimal significant side effects and no changes could be detected in the white matter of any of the patients at the time of their magnetic resonance imaging study at 6 months follow-up. The median survival time in these 18 patients is in excess of 64 weeks with 6 patients remaining alive at times ranging from 62 to 94 weeks from the time of surgery. If only those patients that survive greater than 1 year are compared to a historical group of long-term survivors treated similarly but without Fluosol®, then a statistically significant improvement in survival ( p < 0.005) is obtained. The lack of toxicity and the increased therapeutic benefit argue for continued study of Fluosol® and high inspired oxygen tension as an adjuvant to radiation therapy for the management of patients with high grade malignant brain tumors.

Hepatotoxicity and Metabolism of Isoflurane in Rats with Cirrhosis

A rat model was used to determine whether isoflurane exacerbates liver dysfunction and whether its metabolism is changed in the presence of cirrhosis. Male Wistar rats were gavaged weekly with carbon tetrachloride until cirrhosis was well advanced. They and control rats without pretreatment with carbon tetrachloride and without cirrhosis were then exposed to 1.45% (1 MAC) isoflurane for 3 hours. Blood and urine samples were taken before, immediately, as well as 4, 24, 48, and 72 hours after anesthesia to measure liver function and isoflurane defluorination. After the last samples had been obtained, the rats were sacrificed and the liver removed for histologic examination and in vitro metabolic studies. Serum levels of SGOT and SGPT and inorganic fluoride production in rats with cirrhosis were similar to those in control rats without cirrhosis. Concentrations of cytochromes b5 and p-450 and specific activities of microsomal defluorinase and several cytosolic enzymes were significantly lower in cirrhotic than in noncirrhotic liver, but their total amounts in whole liver were the same. The results imply that cirrhosis does not increase the risk of acute hepatotoxicity of isoflurane. They also demonstrate that metabolism of isoflurane and perhaps other volatile anesthetics may be unaffected in rats with cirrhosis, even though liver architecture is severely disrupted.

The effects of exercise on liver function in patients with chronic liver disease

This study examined the effect of exercise on liver function in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD). 1) Twenty-five patients with CLD (21 with chronic hepatitis (CH) and 4 with liver cirrhosis (LC] and 10 healthy subjects were administered an exercise test employing a treadmill. The load applied was 6.5 Mets and was administered for a period of 10 min. The serum levels of S-GOT, S-GPT, LDH, CPK, triglyceride, GOTm and GLDH were measured before exercise and 1 h, 24 h and 7 days after exercise in the patients with CLD, and before and 24 h after exercise in the healthy subjects. i. The patients with CLD showed an increase in GLDH 24 h after exercise (p less than 0.005), a decline in LDH 1 h (p less than 0.05) and 24 h (p less than 0.01) after exercise, and a decrease in triglyceride 24 h after exercise (p less than 0.005) as compared with pre-exercise values. No significant changes were observed in S-GOT, S-GPT, CPK or GOTm levels. ii. The mean values and standard deviations (SD) of S-GOT and S-GPT during the 3-month period immediately preceding the study were calculated for all 25 patients. Increases in S-GOT of more than 1 SD were observed after exercise in 5 patients (20%); another 5 patients (20%) showed similar increases in S-GPT. The number of overlapping cases in which increases in both S-GOT and S-GPT were observed was 2 (8%). iii. No significant differences were found in mean HR during exercise/predicted max HR, or mean BP during exercise between patients with increased S-GOT and those without, or between patients with increased S-GPT and those without. iv. In the healthy subjects, there was a significant increase in GOTm (p less than 0.05) following exercise, but no such increase in S-GOT, S-GPT, CPK or GLDH. 2) The number of steps taken per day measured by a pedometer was selected as a parameter of daily exercise and examined in 14 patients with CLD (9 with CH and 5 with LC). No significant correlation was found between mean number of walking steps and S-GOT and S-GPT levels for patients with either type of CLD. The results of this study indicate that moderate exercise was well tolerated in the majority of patients with CLD.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Halothane metabolism in cirrhotic rats.

A rat model was used to determine whether the metabolism of halothane is changed in the presence of cirrhosis and whether exacerbation of liver dysfunction is correlated with such a change. Cirrhosis was produced by gavaging enzyme-induced male Wistar rats with carbon tetrachloride in corn oil once weekly for 12 weeks. Control rats received corn oil only. After a 3-week period without treatment, blood and urine were collected from each rat for determination of background levels of inorganic fluoride, bromide, and trifluoroacetic acid (halothane metabolites) and for assessment of liver function. Rats were then anesthetized with 1.05% halothane in 50% oxygen for 3 h. Following anesthesia, serial blood and urine samples were taken to monitor halothane metabolism and liver function. No differences were observed between cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic rats in serum levels and urinary excretion of halothane metabolites. However, serum levels of SGOT and SGPT were significantly increased about 1.5-fold in the noncirrhotic group and about 2.5-fold in the cirrhotic group after anesthesia. The increased levels observed in the cirrhotic group were significantly greater than in the noncirrhotic group. The results imply that the exacerbation of liver dysfunction after halothane anesthesia is most likely related to an indirect effect, such as change in liver blood flow, rather than to toxic metabolites.

Low Levels of Pyridoxal 5'-Phosphate in Patients With Cystic Fibrosis

To determine the effect of cystic fibrosis on the regulation of plasma pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), the biologically active form of vitamin B6, we measured this compound in plasma from 56 patients with cystic fibrosis. The concentration of PLP in plasma was assayed by a radioenzymatic technique. The results of this study showed that PLP concentration was decreased significantly (6.44 +/- 5.20 ng/mL, mean +/- SD; median 4.45 ng/mL) in patients with cystic fibrosis as compared with a group of hospitalized children with neither cystic fibrosis nor hepatic disease serving as a control group (13.2 +/- 5.04 ng/mL, mean +/- SD; median 12.5 ng/mL). Additionally, 25% of the population with cystic fibrosis exhibited exceedingly low plasma PLP level (less than 2.75 ng/mL). In patients with cystic fibrosis, significant inverse linear associations were found between plasma PLP and serum levels of SGOT and SGPT (PLP v SGOT: r = -.60, P less than .03; PLP v SGPT: r = -.50, P less than .03). This study demonstrated that a deficiency of plasma PLP is a common abnormality in cystic fibrosis and that the low PLP level may be a reflection of impaired vitamin B6 metabolism associated with this disorder.

Accidental ingestion of methotrexate

Two siblings ingested an unknown amount of methotrexate and, although they were treated with a folinic acid preparation within 3 hours, serum levels of SGOT and LDH were elevated within 24 hours. No other signs of toxicity developed. The elimination of methotrexate from the body was slow, and 13 days after ingestion the drug was measurable in plasma of each child. Because of the current use of methotrexate in the treatment of skin disorders, the drug is now more available for accidental ingestion by children. Prompt administration of folinic acid (Leucovorin) is important, if severe toxicity is to be avoided.

Ischemic myocardial injury during cardiopulmonary bypass surgery

ECG's and serum levels of SGOT, LDH, and CPK were examined during the immediate postoperative period in 126 patients who had cardiac surgery during cardiopulmonary bypass. None had coronary disease and valve replacement was performed in 97 patients. Miscellaneous procedures not involving the coronary arteries were performed in 29. In surviving patients, ECG signs of acute myocardial infarction appeared in 8 (7 per cent) and changes compatible with acute ischemic injury were seen in 38 (30 per cent). Elevation of SGOT exceeding 90 units occurred in 32 per cent of patients and LDH levels over 900 units occurred in 37 per cent. In patients with ECG evidence of postoperative infarction or ischemia, 70 per cent had abnormal SGOT levels and 70 per cent had abnormal LDH levels. In 40 patients with SGOT levels exceeding 90 units, 80 per cent had ECG evidence of acute infarction or ischemia. In 80 patients without ECG changes, only 10 per cent had SGOT levels exceeding 90 units. CPK levels correlated poorly with ECG evidence of ischemia or infarction. Patients who demonstrated ECG and serum enzyme evidence of ischemic injury or myocardial infarction had longer total perfusion times during surgery (P < 0.001) but no relationship to aortic cross clamp time was observed. ECG evidence of acute myocardial ischemia with elevation of serum enzymes is frequently observed following cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. Serial ECG's and measurements of postoperative serum enzymes provide useful information regarding myocardial injury and the effectiveness of bypass perfusion in protecting the myocardium during cardiopulmonary bypass sugery.

Investigations on correlations between serum enzymes and histological findings in liver disease. With special reference to transaminases and urocanase.

Abstract Correlations between liver cell necrosis in biopsy specimens and the serum levels of SGOT, SGPT and urocanase were studied in 186 patients. Because urocanase is a specific liver enzyme, its appearance in serum may be expected to be representative of liver cell necrosis. The results demonstrate that urocanase measurements have no advantage over transaminase determinations. This applies to the whole patient group as well as to smaller groups of patients with different types of liver disease.

Ischemic myocardial injury during coronary artery surgery

ECG's and serum levels of SGOT, LDH, and CPK were examined during the postoperative period in 50 patients with angina pectoris who had myocardial revascularization procedures. ECG signs of acute myocardial infarction appeared in 34 per cent and changes compatible with acute ischemic injury were seen in 10 per cent. Elevation of SGOT exceeding 90 units occurred in 32 per cent of 50 patients, and LDH levels over 900 units occurred in 24 per cent. In patients with ECG evidence of post-operative infarction or ischemia, 50 per cent had abnormal SGOT levels and 55 per cent had abnormal LDH levels. In 16 patients with SGOT levels exceeding 90 units, 69 per cent had ECG evidence of acute infarction or ischemia. Two patients died following surgery and acute myocardial infarction was demonstrated in both at autopsy. Relief of angina occurred in one patient who developed a myocardial infarct following internal mammary implantation. A follow-up angiogram revealed no effective communication of the implant with myocardial vessels. Acute myocardial infarction is a frequent complication of coronary artery surgery as determined by serial ECG's. In this study, approximately 50 per cent of these patients had diagnostic elevations of SGOT or LDH.

SORBITOL DEHYDROGENASE IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF LIVER DISEASE.

In an attempt to find a more useful clinical test for the diagnosis of liver disease, serum levels of the enzyme sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) were measured in patients with liver disease and patients with nonhepatic diseases. The majority of patients in both groups had concomitantly elevated serum levels of SGOT and SGPT. In the patients tested, SDH elevations were found to be specific for liver involvement, but much less sensitive than the transaminases. The serum sorbitol dehydrogenase test, in its present form, does not appear to offer any special advantages over the transaminase studies presently employed to detect hepatocellular disease. Certain conclusions can be drawn from the data: (1) SDH was found to be organ-specific but not disease-specific in the patients tested; (2) it was seen to be less sensitive than the transaminases; and (3) SDH levels remained elevated for much shorter periods of time than the transaminases.