Serum E-selectin Research Articles

Changes in Levels of Serum Cytokines and Chemokines in Perforated Appendicitis in Children.

Appendicitis is primarily diagnosed based on intraoperative or histopathological findings, and few studies have explored pre-operative markers of a perforated appendix. This study aimed to identify systemic biomarkers to predict pediatric appendicitis at various time points. The study group comprised pediatric patients with clinically suspected appendicitis between 2016 and 2019. Pre-surgical serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), intercellular cell-adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and endothelial selectin (E-selectin) levels were tested from day 1 to day 3 of the disease course. The biomarker values were analyzed and compared between children with normal appendices and appendicitis and those with perforated appendicitis (PA) and non-perforated appendicitis. Among 226 pediatric patients, 106 had non-perforated appendicitis, 102 had PA, and 18 had normal appendices. The levels of all serum proinflammatory biomarkers were elevated in children with acute appendicitis compared with those in children with normal appendices. In addition, the serum IL-6 and TNF-α levels in children with PA were significantly higher, with an elevation in TNF-α levels from days 1 and 2. In addition, serum IL-6 levels increased significantly from days 2 and 3 (both p < 0.05). Serum ICAM-1 and E-selectin levels were elevated in the PA group, with consistently elevated levels within the first three days of admission (all p < 0.05). These results indicate that increased serum levels of proinflammatory biomarkers including IL-6, TNF-α, ICAM-1, and E-selectin could be used as parameters in the prediction and early diagnosis of acute appendicitis, especially in children with PA.

Serum pentraxin and E-selectin levels are associated with outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction who undergo percutaneous coronary intervention

Serum pentraxin and E-selectin levels are associated with outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction who undergo percutaneous coronary intervention

Higher Serum E-Selectin Levels Associated with Malignant Brain Edema after Endovascular Thrombectomy for Ischemic Stroke: A Pilot Study.

Background and Purpose: Little is known about the effect of soluble adhesion molecules on malignant brain edema (MBE) after endovascular thrombectomy (EVT). This study aimed to explore the association between serum concentrations of E-selectin and the risk of MBE in patients who received EVT. Methods: Patients with a large vessel occlusion stroke in the anterior circulation who underwent EVT were prospectively recruited. Serum soluble E-selectin concentrations were measured after admission for all patients. MBE was defined as a midline shift of ≥5 mm on follow-up imaging within 72 h after surgery. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the association between E-selectin levels and the risk of MBE. Results: Among the 261 included patients (mean age, 69.7 ± 12.3 years; 166 males), 59 (22.6%) developed MBE. Increasing circulating E-selectin levels were associated with an increased risk of MBE after multivariable adjustment (odds ratios [OR], highest vs. lowest quartile: 3.593; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.178-10.956; p = 0.025). We further observed a significantly positive association between E-selectin and MBE (per 1-standard deviation increase; OR, 1.988; 95% CI, 1.379-2.866, p = 0.001) when the E-selectin levels were analyzed as a continuous variable. Furthermore, the restricted cubic spline demonstrated a linear correlation between serum E-selectin levels and the risk of MBE (p < 0.001 for linearity). Conclusions: In this prospective study, circulating levels of E-selectin were associated with an increased risk of MBE after EVT. Further mechanistic studies are warranted to elucidate the pathophysiology underlying this association.

Serum E-selectin and endothelial cell-specific Molecule-1 levels among people living with HIV on long term ART in Uganda: a pilot cross-sectional study

BackgroundProlonged exposure to HIV and anti-retroviral therapy (ART) has been linked with endothelial cell activation which subsequently predisposes people living with HIV (PLWH) to cardiovascular diseases. Serum biomarkers of endothelial cell activation such as E-Selectin and endothelial cell-specific molecule-1 (ESM-1) could aid in early detection of PLWH at a risk of cardiovascular diseases. However, there is a paucity of data on these biomarkers like E-selectin and endothelial cell-specific molecule-1 (ESM-1) among PLWH on long term ART (≥ 10 years) in Uganda. The aim of this study is to determine the serum levels of these biomarkers in this population.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study where we randomly sampled 73 stored serum samples of PLWH who were enrolled in the Infectious Diseases Institute (IDI) ART long term (ALT cohort). We measured serum levels of E-selectin and ESM-1 by ELISA. Data was summarized using median and interquartile range. Inferential statistics were performed to determine predictors of elevated levels of E-selectin.ResultsOf the 73 samples analyzed, 38 (52.1%) were from female participants. The mean age was 54 ± 9.0 years. Twenty participants (27.4%) had a history of smoking while 52 (71.2%) had a history of alcohol intake. Twenty-five (34.3%) of the participants were overweight whereas 4 (5.6%) were obese. Fifty-four (74%) had an undetectable viral load (≤ 0 copies/ml) and the mean duration of ART at the time of sampling (2014/2015) was 10.4 ± 0.4 years. While serum levels of ESM-1 were not detectable in any of our samples, the median E-selectin levels was 147.6 μm/L ranging from 8.44 μm/L and 1,979.36 μm/L. Sixty-seven participants (91.8%) had elevated levels of E-selectin (> 39 μm/L). CD4 count > 500 cells/µl compared to lower counts was a predictor of elevated levels of E-Selectin (adjusted Odd Ratio 12.5, 95% CI (1.03 — 149.95, p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe majority (91.8%) of PLWH on long term ART had elevated levels of E-selectin. Having high CD4 count (> 500 cells/µl) was predictive of elevated levels of E-Selectin. Future work should longitudinally assess the trend of levels of E-selectin and ESM-1 while assessing for cardiovascular diseases endpoint.

Evaluation of maternal serum SERPINC1, E-selectin, P-selectin, RBP4 and PP13 levels in pregnancies complicated with preeclampsia

Objective The aim of this study is to investigate whether Serpin clade C (SERPINC1), E-selectin, P-selectin, Placental protein 13 (PP13), and Retinol-binding protein-4 (RBP4) levels in maternal serum were associated with the presence of preeclampsia and to compare them with uncomplicated pregnancies. Methods This prospective study included 40 women with preeclampsia and 40 healthy pregnant women. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit was used to measure serum SERPINC1, E-selectin, P-selectin, PP13, and RBP4 levels. Results The preeclampsia group had significantly higher E-selectin and P-selectin levels than the control group. PP13 and SERPINC1 levels were also significantly lower than the control group. There was no significant difference in RBP4 levels. The receiver operating characteristic curve revealed the best cutoff values for the following: E-selectin >19.2 ng/mL, with 87.5% sensitivity and 95% specificity; P-selectin >5.1 ng/mL, with 97.5% sensitivity and 100% specificity; PP13 ≤ 107.03 pg/mL, with 72.5% sensitivity and 77.5% specificity; and SERPINC1 ≤ 87.76 ng/mL, with 100% sensitivity and 97.5% specificity. Conclusion In this study, the endothelial dysfunction parameters SERPINC1, PP13, E-selectin, and P-selectin were found to be associated with preeclampsia. Endothelial dysfunction biomarkers in maternal non-serum body fluids may differ. More research is needed, especially to determine the relationship between SERPINC1 and preeclampsia.

Assessment of maternal serum SERPINC1, E-selectin, P-selectin, and RBP4 levels in pregnancies with early- and late-onset preeclampsia.

To investigate whether the SERPINC1, E-selectin, P-selectin, and RBP4 levels in first trimester maternal serum was associated with the presence of preeclampsia (PE). This cross-sectional study was conducted on 26 women with early-onset preeclampsia (EO-PE), 27 women with late-onset preeclampsia (LO-PE), and 27 women with uncomplicated pregnancies. Levels of serum SERPINC1, E-selectin, P-selectin, and RBP4 were measured with the use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. E-Selectin levels in patients with EO-PE were higher than those with LO-PE and control patients (pE-L =0.025; pE-C =0.000; p < 0.05). There was no significant intergroup difference in terms of P-selectin and RBP4 levels (p > 0.05). SERPINC1 levels were lower in the patients in the with EO-PE group than in those in the LO-PE and the control groups (pE-L =0.000; pE-C =0.000; p < 0.05). In the PE group, there was a negative, moderate (41.7%) correlation between E-selectin level and SERPINC1 (p=0.002; p < 0.05). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that the best cut-off values for E-selectin were 23.14 ng/ml > with 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity. The ROC curve showed that the best cut-off values for SERPINC1 were ≤87.76 ng/ml with 98.1% sensitivity and 96.3% specificity. Of the endothelial damage parameters, E-selectin and SERPINC1 are especially associated with EO-PE. Furthermore, they can be used as potential early diagnosis markers in the prediction of PE.

Assessment of I-CAM1, V-CAM1, and E-selectin Serum Levels in Patients with Breast and Pelvic Cancer: A Case Control Study

Background: Breast and pelvic cancers are the most prevalent cancers among women globally. Several studies have reported on the effect of cell adhesion molecules on the growth, multiplication, invasion, and metastasis of tumor cells as well as inflammatory biomarkers, which are responsible for harmful inflammatory processes. Objectives: The purpose of the current study was to assess the serum levels of adhesion molecules intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and E-selectin in patients with cancer before and after radiotherapy, compare these with the levels of healthy subjects, and consider the relationship of these levels with the tumor origin. Methods: The present case-control study investigated 14 patients with breast cancer and 14 patients with pelvic cancer who had been referred to Omid Teaching Hospital’s oncology clinic, Mashhad, Iran between 2015 and 2017. Evaluated by the ELISA method for ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and E-selectin were the serum samples of these 28 cancer patients before and after their course of radiotherapy treatment and the serum samples of the 28 healthy subjects who had no history of cancer, radiotherapy or the risk factor of coronary artery disease. Results: The ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and E-selectin serum levels of all patients with cancer before and after a course of radiotherapy were significantly higher than those of the control group (P-value ≤ 0.5). There was no significant difference between the two cancer groups before and after radiotherapy (P-value ≥ 0.05). Conclusions: The current study demonstrated that the serum levels of adhesion molecules in patients with cancer before and after radiotherapy increase significantly regardless of the initial location of the tumor.

Association of soluble E-selectin and morning blood pressure surge in patients with essential hypertension

Background: Elevated soluble E-selectin which reflects a state of endothelial activation with subsequent vasoconstriction may elevate morning blood pressure (BP) surge. This study aimed to analyze soluble E-selectin serum concentrations in patients with essential hypertension against normotensive healthy individuals and to find a role of such molecule in the phenomenon of morning BP surge. Material and methods: In this case-control study, a 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring with recording of morning BP surge and serum soluble E-selectin levels were measured for a total of 90 patients (60 patients with essential hypertension and 30 normotensive subjects as a control). Results: Hypertensive patients had higher body mass index in comparison to control subjects (30.7 ± 2.3 kg/m 2 vs. 27 ± 3.2 kg/m 2 , p &lt; 0.001). Serum uric acid levels were higher in hypertensive patients than control subjects (7.26 ± 2.60 mg/dL vs. 5.92 ± 1.15 mg/dL, p = 0.028). Hypertensive patients had higher left ventricular mass index (LVMI) (110.5 ± 19.2 g/m2 vs. 99.8 ± 9.5 g/m 2 , p = 0.001). Patients with essential hypertension have higher level of soluble E-selectin than normotensive participants (180.6 ± 96.1 vs . 75.9 ± 31.5 ng/mL, p &lt; 0.001). Soluble E-selectin was positively correlated with morning BP surge (r = 0.696, p ≤ 0.001). Conclusion: Patients with essential hypertension have higher level of soluble E-selectin than normotensive. Soluble E-selectin was positively correlated with morning BP surge.

Serum inflammatory cell adhesion molecules predict malignant cerebral edema and clinical outcome early after mechanical thrombectomy in stroke

BackgroundEarly prediction of life-threatening malignant cerebral edema (MCE) after mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is of clinical importance. Although inflammatory cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) and anti-inflammation factor Kruppel-like transcription factor (KLF) 4 are induced after acute ischemic stroke (AIS), the relationship between expressions of these molecules after MT and MCE as well as outcome in AIS patients have rarely been explored. MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the data of all AIS patients with large-vessel occlusion in anterior circulation who underwent MT from our stroke centers. The serum levels of CAMs and KLF4 were determined at 12 h after MT. MCE was assessed on follow-up head computed tomography within 5 days after MT. ResultsOf 91 included patients, 18 (19.8 %) patients experienced MCE. Patients with MCE were more likely to have higher levels of E-selectin and inter-cellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) than those without MCE (P < 0.05). More specifically, elevated E-selectin, but not of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), ICAM-1 and KLF4, was significantly associated with MCE after adjusting for hypertension, admission NIHSS, Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Scores, serum glucose, collateral circulation and onset to recanalization time respectively (P < 0.05). ROC curve suggested that E-selectin had considerable discrimination to predict MCE (AUC=0.7, 95 % CI: 0.55–0.83). Moreover, after adjusting by confounders, serum levels of E-selectin and ICAM-1 were independently associated with 3-month outcome in AIS patients after MT (both P < 0.05). ConclusionsThese data indicate that of three CAMs, serum E-selectin level early after MT is the best predictor for MCE and outcome in AIS.

Wenyang Huazhuo Tongluo formula alleviates pulmonary vascular injury and downregulates HIF-1α in bleomycin-induced systemic sclerosis mouse model

BackgroundVascular damage, autoimmune abnormalities, and fibrosis are the three pathological features of systemic sclerosis (SSc).However, pulmonary vascular damage is the main factor affecting the progression and prognosis of SSc. The main purpose of this study was to explore the molecular mechanism of Wenyang Huazhuo Tongluo Formula in alleviating pulmonary vascular injury in bleomycin-induced SSc mouse model.MethodsMasson staining and H&E staining were used to analyze the degree of pulmonary vascular fibrosis and the infiltration of leukocyte cells in lung tissue ofbleomycin-induced SSc mouse models treated with saline (BLM group), Wenyang Huazhuo Tongluo Formula (WYHZTL group) and HIF-1α inhibitor KC7F2 (KC7F2 group). Blood vessel exudation was determined by analyzing the cell number and albumin concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid using a cell counter and ELISA assay, respectively. The degree of vascular injury was assessed by measuring the expression levels of vWF, E-selectin, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, VE-cadherin and claudin-5 in serum and pulmonary vascular endothelial cells using ELISA and immunofluorescence staining. Finally, the effect of Wenyang Huazhuo Tongluo Formula on the expression of HIF-1α was detected using immunofluorescence staining.ResultsWenyang Huazhuo Tongluo Formula and KC7F2 significantly inhibited bleomycin-induced pulmonary vascular fibrosis and the level of perivascular inflammatory cell infiltration. The number of cells and the concentration of albumin were significantly reduced in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of the WYHZTL group and KC7F2 group compared with the BLM group. In addition, treatment with Wenyang Huazhuo Tongluo Formula and KC7F2 significantly downregulated the expression levels of vWF, E-selectin, ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and HIF-1α, but upregulated the expression of VE-cadherin and claudin-5 in serum and pulmonary vascular endothelial cells, compared with treatment with saline.ConclusionsThis study reveals that Wenyang Huazhuo Tongluo Formula plays a new role in the treatment of SSc by alleviating pulmonary vascular damage. Furthermore, we found that Wenyang Huazhuo Tongluo Formula alleviates pulmonary vascular injury and inhibits HIF-1α expression.

MO410: Early Endothelial Glycocalyx Injury Damage Associated With Further Kidney Dysfunction in Hiv Patients: Five Years Follow-Up

Abstract BACKGROUND AND AIMS HIV patients have an increased risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) development. Endothelial dysfunction was previously associated with kidney dysfunction markers. This study aims to investigate the association between renal markers and renal dysfunction biomarkers among outpatient HIV patients. METHOD Cohort study carried out with HIV patients in chronic use of Antiretroviral therapy followed up at a public outpatient service located in northeastern Brazil. Clinical and laboratory parameters of HIV patients were evaluated annually between 5 years: 2015 and 2019. Kidney dysfunction markers were blood creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Urinary kidney biomarkers NGAL, MCP-1, KIM-1 and serum endothelial biomarkers Syndecan-1 (glycocalyx), ICAM-1 and E-selectin were quantified in first-year using ELISA assays. RESULTS In total 66 patients completed the follow-up. Most patients were male (77.3%), of mixed race/color (57.6%), aged 39.33 ± 9.04 years. No patient had CKD development. However, Syndecan-1 showed a significant correlation with maximum creatinine (P &amp;lt; 0.001) and minimum GFR (P 0.003) over the years. Moreover, both creatinine and GFR in the last year had a significant association with syndecan-1 levels quantified 4 years ago. Multivariate linear regression with confounders showed a significant and independent association of syndecan-1 levels, current age and CD4 + count with minimum GFR. CONCLUSION HIV patients in chronic use of Antiretroviral therapy and glycocalyx injury may have an increased risk for long-term impacts on renal tissue. These data reinforce that endothelial impacts evaluation using biomarkers is a way to optimize the diagnosis and prognosis of kidney diseases, promoting the prevention of complications.

Acute-Phase Inflammatory Reaction Predicts CMR Myocardial Scar Pattern and 2-Year Mortality in STEMI Patients Undergoing Primary PCI.

(1) Background: The inflammatory response following MI plays an important role in the healing, scar formation, and left ventricle (LV) remodeling. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging can accurately quantify the extent of myocardial scarring. The study aimed to investigate: (a) the relationship between acute inflammatory response and the CMR parameters of the scarring extent, and (b) the predictive power of inflammatory biomarkers and myocardial scarring for 2-year mortality. (2) Methods: The study included 202 STEMI patients, who underwent pPCI. Serum hs-CRP, IL-6, P-selectin, E-selectin, I-CAM, and V-CAM levels were determined at admission, and hs-CRP on the fifth day. Patients underwent LGE-CMR after 1 month, for LV volumes, ejection fraction (EF), infarct size (IS), and transmurality. Subjects were divided into tertiles according to the IS, and 2-year all-cause mortality was determined. (3) Results: IL-6 was associated with IS (r = 0.324, p = 0.01), increased transmurality index (r = 0.3, p = 0.01), and lower LVEF (r = −0.3, p = 0.02). Admission hs-CRP levels were not associated with IS, transmurality, or mortality, while hs-CRP at day 5 was a significant predictor for IS (AUC = 0.635, p = 0.05) as well as IL-6 levels (AUC = 0.685, p < 0.001). Mortality was significantly higher in the upper IS tertiles (6% vs. 8.7% vs. 24.52%, p = 0.005). IS was a significant predictor of 2-year mortality (AUC = 0.673, p = 0.002), with a cut-off value of 28.81 g, as well as high transmurality (AUC = 0.641, p = 0.013), with a cut off value of 18.38 g. (4) Conclusions: The serum levels of IL-6 and day-5 hs-CRP predict IS and transmurality, and day-5 hs-CRP levels are independent predictors of 2-year mortality in STEMI patients treated with pPCI. The CMR pattern of myocardial scarring after 1 month, as expressed by the magnitude of IS and transmurality, is a significant predictor for 2-year mortality after revascularized STEMI.

E-Selectin Is Associated with Daytime and 24-Hour Diastolic Blood Pressure Variability in Type 2 Diabetes.

E-selectin is an endothelial cell adhesion molecule involved in vascular inflammation. Elevated E-selectin has been reported in patients with high blood pressure and diabetes. Given the increasing clinical relevance of parameters derived from ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, further investigation of their relationships with E-selectin is of interest. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between serum E-selectin, office blood pressure and 24 h ambulatory blood pressure parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes. Blood pressure variability was assessed by computing the standard deviation of mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure separately for daytime and nighttime during 24 h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in a cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes (n = 132). Additionally, were assessed nighttime systolic dipping and pulse pressure separately for daytime, nighttime, and 24 h. Serum E-selectin was measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. We found that E-selectin was consistently associated with 24 h diastolic blood pressure variability (r = 0.238; p = 0.019) and daytime diastolic blood pressure variability (r = 0.258; p = 0.012), after adjustment for confounding factors. No association of E-selectin with office blood pressure and other 24 h ambulatory blood pressure parameters was observed. In conclusion, endothelial activation indicated by elevated serum E-selectin is associated with increased ambulatory diastolic blood pressure variability in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Increased sHLA-G Is Associated with Improved COVID-19 Outcome and Reduced Neutrophil Adhesion.

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) is a group of molecules involved in inflammatory and infective responses. We evaluated blood sHLA-E and sHLA-G levels in hospitalized COVID-19 patients with respiratory failure and their relationship with clinical evolution, changes in endothelial activation biomarker profile, and neutrophil adhesion. sHLA-E, sHLA-G, and endothelial activation biomarkers were quantified by ELISA assay in plasma samples. Neutrophil adhesion to endothelium was assessed in the presence/absence of patients’ plasma samples. At admission, plasma levels of sHLA-G and sHLA-E were significantly higher in COVID-19 patients with respiratory failure compared to controls. COVID-19 clinical improvement was associated with increased sHLA-G plasma levels. In COVID-19, but not in control patients, an inverse correlation was found between serum sICAM-1 and E-selectin levels and plasma sHLA-G values. The in vitro analysis of activated endothelial cells confirmed the ability of HLA-G molecules to control sICAM-1 and sE-selectin expression via CD160 interaction and FGF2 induction and consequently neutrophil adhesion. We suggest a potential role for sHLA-G in improving COVID-19 patients’ clinical condition related to the control of neutrophil adhesion to activated endothelium.

Further Findings Concerning Endothelial Damage in COVID-19 Patients.

Systemic vascular damage with micro/macro-thrombosis is a typical feature of severe COVID-19. However, the pathogenesis of this damage and its predictive biomarkers remain poorly defined. For this reason, in this study, serum monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-2 and P- and E-selectin levels were analyzed in 204 patients with COVID-19. Serum MCP-2 and P-selectin were significantly higher in hospitalized patients compared with asymptomatic patients. Furthermore, MCP-2 increased with the WHO stage in hospitalized patients. After 1 week of hospitalization, MCP-2 levels were significantly reduced, while P-selectin increased in patients in WHO stage 3 and decreased in patients in WHO stages 5–7. Serum E-selectin was not significantly different between asymptomatic and hospitalized patients. The lower MCP-2 levels after 1 week suggest that endothelial damage triggered by monocytes occurs early in COVID-19 disease progression. MCP-2 may also predict COVID-19 severity. The increase in P-selectin levels, which further increased in mild patients and reduced in severe patients after 1 week of hospitalization, suggests that the inactive form of the protein produced by the cleavage of the active protein from the platelet membrane is present. This may be used to identify a subset of patients that would benefit from targeted therapies. The unchanged levels of E-selectin in these patients suggest that endothelial damage is less relevant.

Role of Serum E-Selectin as a Biomarker of Infection Severity in Coronavirus Disease 2019.

Introduction: E-selectin is a recognized marker of endothelial activation; however, its place in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has not been fully explored. Aims of the study are to compare sE-selectin values among the Intensive Care Unit (ICU)-admitted and non-admitted, survived and non-survived patients and those with or without thrombosis. Methods: A single-center study of patients with COVID-19 hospitalized at Policlinico Umberto I (Rome) from March to May 2020 was performed. Simple and multiple logistic regression models were developed. Results: One hundred patients were included, with a median age (IQR) of 65 years (58–78). Twenty-nine (29%) were admitted to ICU, twenty-eight (28%) died and nineteen (19%) had a thrombotic event. The median value (IQR) of sE-selectin was 26.1 ng/mL (18.1–35). sE-selectin values did not differ between deceased and survivors (p = 0.06) and among patients with or without a thrombotic event (p = 0.22). Compared with patients who did not receive ICU treatments, patients requiring ICU care had higher levels of sE-selectin (36.6 vs. 24.1 ng/mL; p < 0.001). In the multiple logistic regression model, sE-selectin levels > 33 ng/mL, PaO2/FiO2 < 200 and PaO2/FiO2 200–300 were significantly associated with an increased risk of ICU admission. sE-selectin values significantly correlated with a neutrophil count (R = 0.32 (p = 0.001)) and the number of days from the symptoms onset to hospitalization (R = 0.28 (p = 0.004)). Conclusions: sE-selectin levels are predictive of ICU admission in COVID-19 patients. Since data on the relation between sE-selectin and COVID-19 are scarce, this study aims to contribute toward the comprehension of the pathogenic aspects of COVID-19 disease, giving a possible clinical marker able to predict its severity.

The prognostic value of the serum inflammatory biomarkers in patients with carotid atherosclerosis

20 % of ischemic stroke appear to originate from carotid artery atherosclerotic disease. Serum biomarkers reflecting the activity of atherosclerotic process and may help for estimate risk of acute cerebrovascular events. Several serum inflammatory markers have been proposed for risk assessment, but their prognostic role less known.&#x0D; The aim of this study is to clarify the prognostic value of biomarkers of atherosclerosis lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) and E-selectin in patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid stenosis.&#x0D; Materials and methods. The study involved 106 patients with atherosclerotic carotid stenosis &gt;50 % (74 men and 32 women, mean age 62.6±0.9) from which 76 symptomatic (35 with acute ipsilateral atherothrombotic stroke and 41 after carotid endarterectomy) and 30 asymptomatic patients. The control group consisted of age- and sex-matched 20 healthy subjects. The level of serum Lp-PLA2 and E-selectin was determined using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit.&#x0D; Results. The level of Lp-PLA 2 was in general significantly higher (p&lt;0.05) in patients groups than in the control group and most high Lp-PLA2 concentration was in groups of symptomatic patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy. The level of E-selectin in the study patients was significantly higher than in the control group (p&lt;0.05). The correlation of Lp-PLA 2 with E-selectin was significant for total patients (R=0.365664, p=0.00085) and group after carotid endarterectomy (R=0.429143, p=0.01796), but not for asymptomatic group (p&gt;0.05). Receiver Operating Characteristics curves of logistic regression models which takes into joint both indicators was specificity and sensitive for predicting the occurrence of ischemic stroke.&#x0D; Conclusion. Conducted study show that the levels of Lp-PLA 2 and E-selectin have a significant impact on the development of stroke in patients with atherosclerotic carotid stenosis and can be used to predict it. A multidimensional model of the dependence of the probability of stroke on a linear combination of Lp-PLA 2 and E-selectin allows to obtaining significantly higher characteristics of the accuracy of stroke prediction than models with each factor alone.

Investigation of MMP-9 and E-selectine levels in firearm injuries

Aim: Our aim in this study is to determine how matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and E-selectin levels are affected in the damage caused by firearm injuries. At the same time, it is to investigate the value of these parameters in terms of biochemical parameters in these cases and to propose new opinions on the subject.&#x0D; Material and Methods: 40 control groups and 48 patients who were brought to the hospital emergency department as a result of firearm wounds were included in the study. Venous blood samples of the patient and control groups were taken. Serum MMP-9 and E-selectin levels were measured quantitatively by using ELISA method. The obtained results were evaluated in the SPSS program.&#x0D; Results: MMP-9 levels measured in our patient group were significantly higher than in the control group (p

Anti-metastatic effect of methylprednisolone targeting vascular endothelial cells under surgical stress

Perioperative systemic inflammation induced by surgical stress elevates the risk of hematogenous cancer metastasis. This study investigated the anti-metastatic effects and mechanisms of methylprednisolone (MP) administration for surgical stress. We examined the effects of MP on the expression of adhesion molecules in human vascular endothelial cells and in a murine hepatic metastasis model under lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration, which mimics systemic inflammation induced by surgical stress. Serum E-selectin level was measured in blood samples obtained from 32 gastric cancer patients who were randomly assigned to treat preoperatively with or without MP. The expression of E-selectin in LPS-induced vascular endothelial cells was suppressed by MP. An adhesion assay showed the number of LPS-induced adherent tumour cells was significantly lower following MP. In the in vivo study, LPS significantly elevated the number of hepatic metastases, but pretreatment with MP before LPS significantly inhibited this elevation. The LPS-induced expression of E-selectin in the vascular endothelium of the portal vein was suppressed by MP. In human clinical samples, serum E-selectin level was significantly decreased by preoperative MP. Suppression of surgically induced systemic inflammation by MP administration might prevent hematogenous cancer metastases by suppressing the induction of E-selectin expression in the vascular endothelium.

Increased Serum E-Selectin Levels Were Associated with Cognitive Decline in Patients with Stroke.

BackgroundPrevious studies have reported that patients with stroke have a high incidence of cognitive decline. The aim was to elucidate the association between serum E-selectin levels and cognitive function in stroke patients.Materials and MethodsSerum levels of E-selectin were measured in 322 patients with stroke at baseline. Cox proportional hazard analysis was used to evaluate the predictive value of serum E-selectin for predicting cognitive decline (end point) in patients with stroke.ResultsMultivariate linear regression analysis revealed that serum E-selectin levels were independently associated with MOCA score after adjusting for age, gender, BMI, current smoker, current drinker, admission systolic and diastolic BP, CVD history and laboratory measurements in patients with stroke at baseline (Sβ= −0.156; 95% CI, - 0.170– - 0.074; P<0.001). The multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis revealed that serum E-selectin (HR=2.481, 95% CI 1.533–4.327, P-trend <0.001) was an independent prognostic factor for cognitive decline in these patients with stroke during the follow-up period.ConclusionOur results showed that increased serum E-selectin levels were significantly and independently associated with cognitive decline and had independent predictive value for cognitive decline in patients with stroke. Serum E-selectin might enable early recognition of cognitive decline among stroke patients.