Estimation Of Cholesterol In Serum Research Articles

STUDY OF CORRELATION AND EVALUATION OF EPICARDIAL FAT THICKNESS WITH ABDOMINAL VISCERAL FAT THICKNESS IN OBESE AND NON-OBESE TYPE 2 DIABETES SUBJECTS

Method: FBS/PPBS done by GOD POD method IN Vitros “S”, FS machine. HBA1C Done by HPLC plus ion exchange resin. Lipid profile after overnight fasting of 12 hours blood collected in the morning about 5 ml and the serum centrifuged and kept for analysis. Serum cholesterol estimation: The CHOD-PAP method, enzymatic colorimetric test was used in Vitros “S”, FS machine.
 Result: After applying Levene’s test for equality of variance, t test between mean of epicardial fat thickness and visceral fat thickness between obese and non-obese groups, shows statistically significant (p=<0.05) association. Obese patients(11.88+1.40) had significantly more epicardial fat thickness as compared to non-obese type 2 diabetes patients (10.19+1.37), t(148) = -7.39, (p=<0.05). Obese patients (58.85+10.89) had significantly more visceral fat thickness as compared to non-obese type 2 diabetes patients (46.23+9.79), t (148) = -7.34, (p= <0.05).
 Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus (DM) refers to a group of common metabolic disorders lead to phenotype of hyperglycemia and caused by a complex interaction of genetics and environmental factors. We concluded that EFT and VAT were significantly correlated among obese diabetics as compare to non-obese diabetic suggesting, Obesity is an independent risk factor for visceral adipose tissue deposition both in abdomen as well as in epicardial surface.
 Keywords: Epicardial, Fat Thickness, Abdominal, DM, & Obese.

Effect of surgical stress on Serum cholesterol level

Introduction: Stress in the Biological sense is the interaction between damage & defense. Anything that causes stress endangers life unless it is counteracted by adequate adoptive response. Conversely anything endangers life causes stress and adaptive responses. Adaptability and resistance to stress are fundamental requisites for life and very vital organ and function participate in them. Aims: To assess the preoperative value of serum cholesterol in different elective surgical operations. Methodology: In study 40 normal subjects were taken for serum cholesterol estimation. Serum cholesterol was estimated in 100 patients who were taken for various surgeries in respect of age, sex, and social status. The patients were categorized under three groups, group A - patient who underwent operation lasting for 1/2 an hour or less, group B - those with operations lasting between half an hour to 1½ hour, group C - operations lasting for more than 1½ hour. Results: Serum cholesterol value in normal healthy individuals was ranged from 124 to 240. Serum cholesterol level falls to its maximum on the first postoperative day in all cases of group A, B and C except 3 cases in group C in which maximum fall was observed on 3rd postoperative day. Conclusion: The more the surgical stress slower was the recovery.

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in psoriatic arthritis compared with psoriasis: a cross-sectional study in a South Indian population

Objective The objective of this study was to assess and compare the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in patients with psoriasis (PsO) and in those with psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Materials and methods This was a cross-sectional study with no follow-up and was performed among outpatients attending the speciality clinics of an institutional tertiary referral centre. A consecutive sample of 100 patients with PsO was included in the study. Height, weight, BMI, blood pressure and waist circumference of patients were measured at the time of enrolment. Venous samples were taken after 8 h of overnight fasting for the estimation of serum cholesterol, triglycerides and plasma glucose levels. Results MetS was seen in 62.9% (17) of patients with PsO and in 32.8% of patients with PsA. This difference was statistically highly significant (P < 0.001). Conclusion MetS is common in Asian Indian patients with PsA than in patients with cutaneous PsO only.

Relation between waist-hip ratio and lipid profile in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

Objective: To observe the relation between waist-hip ratio and lipid profile in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Materials and Methods: The present study was carried out at R L Jalappa Hospital attached to Sri DevaRaj Urs Medical College, Tamaka, Kolar, after a written consent from all the participants. The study includes 505 diabetic patients, in which 336 were males and 169 were females. The waist and hip circumference were measured and the ratio was taken as Waist-Hip ratio and about 5 ml of blood sample was collected and used for the estimation of serum cholesterol, triglyceride and HDL-Cholesterol levels by using standard methods. Statistical analysis was done by using independent student t test and Pearson Correlation coefficient was calculated. Results: The waist hip ratio and lipid profiles were not significantly correlated. In type 2 diabetes male patients showed higher triglycerides (177.96±100.19) with waist hip ratio&gt;0.9, whereas female patients showed less Triglycerides (178.19±99.52) with waist hip ratio &gt;0.8. However these differences were statistically not significant. Conclusion: Multiple anthropometric parameters are required to correlate lipid profile rather than single parameter in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Along with anthropometric measurements, lipid profile is also need be monitored in type 2 diabetics. Asian Journal of Medical Science, Volume-5(3) 2014: 51-53 http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i3.9407

Metabolic syndrome in psoriatic arthritis patients: A cross-sectional study

The major objective of our study was to assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Indian patients with psoriatic arthritis. This was a one-time survey involving no follow-up. The study was performed among outpatients attending the speciality clinics of an institutional tertiary referral centre. A consecutive sample of 100 patients diagnosed as having psoriatic arthritis in our clinics was included in the study. Height, weight, body mass index, blood pressure and waist circumference of patients were measured at the enrolment visit. Venous samples were taken after 8 h of overnight fasting for the estimation of serum cholesterol, triglycerides and plasma glucose levels. The primary study outcome was the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the study population. Fifty-eight and 59 patients had metabolic syndrome according to the Adult Treatment Panel III criteria and the consensus definition of metabolic syndrome for adult Asian patients, respectively. Patients with metabolic syndrome were older (P < 0.001), with longer duration of psoriasis (P = 0.017), and higher Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Activity Index (P = 0.016) than those without metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome is common in Asian Indian patients with psoriatic arthritis, especially in those with long-standing psoriasis and active joint disease.

Cardiac risk indicess of staff of Federal Univesity of Technology Owerri, Imo state, Nigeria

Non-communicable diseases are the major health burden in the industrialized countries and are increasing rapidly in the developing countries owing to demographic transitions and changing lifestyles among the people. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are increasingly becoming a great cause of morbidity and mortality. A total of 100 senior and 141 junior staff in Federal University of Technology, Owerri (FUTO), Imo State, Nigeria was randomly selected for a study on cardiac risk factors. A questionnaire was used to record cardiac risk indices like age, heredity, body mass index (BMI), tobacco smoking, exercise, serum cholesterol estimation, systolic blood pressure and sex. There was no significant difference between the senior and junior staff in sex distribution (P = 0.71), family history of CVD (P = 0.34), smoking habit (P = 0.85) and serum cholesterol (P = 0.89). Senior staff had significantly higher values in age distribution (P < 0.001), presence of systolic hypertension (P<0.001) and overweight (P < 0.001). Senior staff workers, were however, significantly less involved in moderate exercise than junior staff (P < 0.001). The senior staff had a significantly higher total score in CVD risk scoring than junior staff (chi2 = 7.25; P = 0.01). In conclusion, the risk of CVD among staff of FUTO is high especially among the senior staff. Health education campaign targeted at improving life style is strongly recommended.

Cholestanol metabolism in patients with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis: absorption, turnover, and tissue deposition

To study the metabolism of cholestanol in patients with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX), we measured the cholestanol absorption, the cholesterol and cholestanol turnover, and the tissue content of sterols in two patients. Cholestanol absorption was approximately 5.0%. The rapid exchangeable pool of cholestanol was 233 mg, and the total exchangeable pool was 752 mg. The production rate of cholestanol in pool A was 39 mg/day. [4-14C]cholestanol was detected in the xanthomas, but neither [4-14C]cholestanol nor [4-14C]cholesterol was detected in peripheral nerves biopsied at 49 and 97 days after [4-14C]cholesterol given intravenously. Of the 18 tissues analyzed at biopsy and autopsy, the cholestanol content varied from 0.09 mg/g in psoas muscle to 76 mg/g in a cerebellar xanthoma. With the assumption that the cholestanol-to-cholesterol ratio is 1.0, the relative cholestanol-to-cholesterol ratio varied from 1.0 in plasma and liver to 30.0 in the cerebellar xanthoma; cholestanol was especially high in nerve tissue. Our data indicate that CTX patients absorb cholestanol from the diet. They have a higher than normal cholestanol production rate. Cholestanol was derived from cholesterol. In CTX patients, the blood-brain barrier was intact to the passage of [4-14C]cholesterol and [4-14C]cholestanol. The deposition of large amounts of cholestanol (up to 30% of total sterols in cerebellum) in nerve tissues must have an important role in the neurological symptoms in CTX patients. In view of the intact blood-brain barrier, several other explanations for the large amounts of cholestanol in the brain were postulated.

Quality of Diabetes Care in the Middle- and High-Income Group Populace

We sought to evaluate the quality of care in known diabetic patients from the middle- and high-income group populace of Delhi. A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a probability proportionate to size (systematic), two-stage cluster design. Thirty areas were selected for a house-to-house survey to recruit a minimum of 25 subjects (known diabetes >/= 1 year; aged 35-65 years) per area. Data were collected by interview, by blood sampling, and from medical records. A total of 819 subjects (of 1,153 eligible) were enrolled from 20,666 houses. In total, 13.0% (95% CI 9.6-17.3) of the patients had an HbA(1c) (A1C) estimation and 16.2% (13.5-19.4) had a dilated eye examination in the last year, 32.1% (27.5-36.6) had serum cholesterol estimation in the last year, and 17.5% (14.2-21.5) were taking aspirin. An estimated 42.0% (37.7-46.2) had an A1C value >8%, 40.6% (36.5-44.7) had an LDL cholesterol level >130 mg/dl, and 63.2% (59.6-66.6) had blood pressure levels >140/90 mmHg. A wide gap exists between practice recommendations and delivery of diabetes care in Delhi.

Increased serum lipoprotein(a) concentrations after growth hormone (GH) treatment in patients with isolated GH deficiency.

Fourteen post-pubertal subjects (11 male, 3 female) with isolated growth hormone (GH) deficiency were treated with a low dose (0.125 U/kg for the first 4 weeks and thereafter 0.25 U/kg/week) daily sc GH injection for 1 year. Fasting blood samples were collected at entry into the study and subsequently at 3 monthly intervals for estimation of serum cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)]. Serum Lp(a) increased progressively during the treatment period (by analysis of variance) and was 41% higher at 12 months (P < 0.02) despite the fact that five patients showed little or no change. There was no significant change in any of the other lipid fractions. These observations are of concern as Lp(a) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and should introduce a cautionary note into the enthusiastic efforts to offer GH replacement to all GH deficient adults.

Serum lipids and latent coronary insufficiency

A group of 2014 'healthy' men were examined clinically, by resting ECG/exercise ECG and by the estimation of serum cholesterol and triglycerides. On repeated collection of specimen, standardization of factors related to the individual and influencing serum lipids was difficult to obtain. Thus, serum triglycerides were higher early in the week, at least partly due to habits of alcohol consumption. 140 of the participants (7.0%) were suspect of coronary heart disease (CHD) according to their symptoms/signs, and coronary angiography in 105 of them showed sixty-nine cases (3.4%) with pathological angiograms. Values for serum cholesterol and triglycerides are presented from a subgroup of 1832 men where no signs of CHD were found. Serum cholesterol and triglycerides were significantly higher in the group with pathological angiograms.

Serum cholesterol determination by mass fragmentography

A highly sensitive and accurate reference method for estimation of total cholesterol in serum is described. A fixed amount of [2,2,3,4- 2H 4] cholesterol is added to a fixed amount of serum (usually corresponding to 10 μl). After saponification and extraction with hexane, the amount of unlabelled cholesterol is determined from the ratio between the recordings at m/ e 386 and m/ e 389 obtained after analysis with a mass spectrometer equipped with an MID (multiple ion detector) unit. The relative standard deviation of the method is about 1.3%. The method was compared with the Liebermann—Burchard method using sera with a range of cholesterol levels. The method can be used for determination of cholesterol down to a level of 10 pmoles (4 ng).

The Routine Estimation of Serum Cholesterol with Special Reference to low Concentrations

SUMMARY Four methods of serum cholesterol estimation were compared in six species of animal, with particular reference to low concentrations such as are normally found in sheep. There were considerable variations between ‘direct’ and ‘extractive’ methods, the former yielding apparently higher cholesterol values than the latter. Some improvement can be made in the accuracy of the methods. Although an extraction method is essential for precise work, direct methods appear to be satisfactory for routine purposes, provided no claim is made that the levels obtained represent absolute levels of cholesterol.

Diagnosis and classification of abnormal lipoprotein patterns

The technique of membrane filtration and nephelometry together with a serum cholesterol estimation (MNC), has been used to estimate the concentrations of Sf 0–20, Sf 20–400 and Sf > 400 lipoproteins, which are here called small (S) medium (M) and large (L) particles. The distribution of S, M and L particles in 216 healthy young subjects is reported, and forms the basis for denning cut-off levels for each fraction. A number of different types of lipoprotein pattern are described using these criteria, and are shown to correspond to the types of pattern defined by other authors. The prevalence of these different types of hyperlipoproteinaemia in a randomly selected group of 747 subjects is reported. The classification of lipoprotein patterns by MNC is compared in 80 sera with the classification using analytical ultracentrifugation; good agreement is shown in the majority of sera. In order to simplify the recognition and reporting of the different types of hyperlipoproteinaemia, a form of lipoprotein profile (the SML profile) is described.

HYPERLIPOPROTEINÆMIAS IN NEPHROTIC SYNDROME

Serum-lipoprotein patterns were determined by "MNC analysis " (membrane filtration, nephelometry, and serum-cholesterol estimation) in 33 patients with nephrotic syndrome, some of whom were in spontaneous or steroid-induced remission. 17 of the patients had abnormal lipoprotein patterns, in 82% of which increased concentrations of both Sf 0-20 (β) and Sf 20-400 (pre-β) lipoproteins were found. This observation is contrasted with the much lower prevalence of this variety of hyperlipoproteinæmia (8.5% of abnormal patterns) previously reported in a randomly selected group from the same geographical area. Because of the association between hyperlipoproteinæmias and ischæmic heart-disease, it is advisable to examine the lipoprotein patterns of all subjects with nephrotic syndrome and to treat any significant abnormality. This course of action is now feasible with the simple and inexpensive form of lipoprotein analysis used in this study.

An improved procedure for the estimation of serum cholesterol

The method described by Watson for estimation of serum cholesterol has been reinvestigated and an improved procedure suggested. A new method of correcting for bilirubin and haemoglobin which avoids turbidities is described.

Beneficial Effect Associated with Use of Watery and Alcoholic Extract of Garlic as a Supplement in Hyperlipidemic Guinea Pigs

Background: Garlic is naturally occurring sulphur containing dietary agent belong to Allium family. Members of this family i.e. Garlic, Onions are found to have beneficial effect on atherosclerosis and ischemic heart diseases in both experimental animals and in human beings. Objective: To compare the potency of garlic as antihyperlipidemic and antiplatelet and antithrombotic between its watery and alcoholic extract for their effects. Methods: 25 guinea pigs were fed cholesterol (0.5g/kg body weight) for an initial period of 4 weeks. Cholesterol was then discontinued and the animals were divided into 3 groups. Group-I (n=7) was fed with stock diet and was taken as control. Group-II (n=9) was given 1ml of watery extract and Group-III (n=9) was fed with 1ml of alcoholic extract of garlic with normal diet daily for 4 weeks. The garlic content of both the extract was 2 gm/ml by wt/vol. Fasting blood samples were collected at the end 4 weeks and finally at the end of the study i.e.8 weeks for estimation of serum cholesterol, serum triglyceride, LDC-C, HDL-C, VLDL-C, atherogenic index and platelet adhesiveness index. Bleeding time and clotting time were also detected in all the 3 groups. Results: In the present study, the watery and alcoholic extract of garlic shows significant hypolipidemic activity as they reduced significantly serum cholesterol, serum triglyceride, LDC-C, VLDL-C and atheriogenic index in hyperlipidemic guinea pigs (p&lt;0.01) compared to control. The significant rise in HDL-C was observed in group II but not in group III animals. On comparison between two extracts, watery extract of garlic was more potent hypolipidemic agent, compared to alcoholic extract. Both extract significantly reduces platelet adhesiveness and bleeding time. But between two extract the watery extract was found more potent anti-thrombotic agent as it showed significant decrease in platelet adhesiveness (P&lt;0.01). BT was significantly increased in group II compared to group I and III. Conclusion: It can be concluded that watery extract of Allium Sativum is more potent hypolipidemic and antiplatelet, and anti-thrombotic agent. Key Words: Allium Sativum; Hyperlipidemia; platelet adhesiveness index; watery and alcoholic extracts. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbsp.v6i1.8079 J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2011 June; 6(1): 22-26

The estimation of cholesterol in serum:A classification and critical review of methods

Summary o 1. A classification of cholesterol methods, based chiefly on the different types of colour reactions, is given. 2. Although detailed descriptions are not included, the important points which must be considered when making a proper selection of methods are noted and discussed. 3. As reference and research procedures, the method of Abell, Brodie, and Kendall (1952) for total cholesterol and the method of Sperry and Webb (1950) for cholesterol esters are recommended. 4. Recommendations are made regarding those successful methods that areconsidered most suitable for routine purposes, and those insufficiently tested methods that are worthy of further study.

Estimation of Cholesterol in Serum

Estimation of Cholesterol in Serum

Estimation of Cholesterol in Serum

Estimation of Cholesterol in Serum: By Means of Improved Technics Get access Harrison H. Leffler, M.D., Harrison H. Leffler, M.D. 1The Professional Laboratory, 1515 U Street, N.W., Washington 9, D.C Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. Haydn McDougald C. Haydn McDougald 1The Professional Laboratory, 1515 U Street, N.W., Washington 9, D.C Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Clinical Pathology, Volume 39, Issue 3_ts, March 1963, Pages 311–315, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/39.3_ts.311 Published: 01 March 1963 Article history Received: 04 June 1962 Revision received: 04 September 1962 Accepted: 14 November 1962 Published: 01 March 1963

About the differences of extinction of the free and esterified cholesterol using a few simple methods of estimation

Absorption curves were plotted for the coloured complexes formed by sulphuric acid-acetic acid, FeSO 4, FeCL 3, p-toluene sulfonic acid and dimethyl-benzene-sulfonic acid with cholesterol and its esters. There was a considerable difference of extinction between cholesterol and its various esters. The absorption curve was specific for each reaction. Errors due to this difference can be compensated for the estimation of total cholesterol in serum by the choice of a suitable standard (cholesterol-cholesterol ester) and reading at wavelength optimum.