Serum Oxidative Stress Biomarkers Research Articles

Countering adipose tissue dysfunction could underlie the superiority of telmisartan in the treatment of obesity-related hypertension

BackgroundThe prevalence of hypertension and obesity has increased significantly in recent decades. Hypertension and obesity often coexist, and both are associated with increased cardiovascular mortality. Obese hypertensive patients usually require special anti-hypertensive treatment strategy due to the increased risk of treatment resistance. Molecules that can target both obesity and hypertension underlying pathologies should get more attention. Herein, we evaluated the therapeutic effects of telmisartan, with special interest in visceral adipose tissue dysfunction, in obesity-related hypertension rat model.MethodsThirty male Wistar rats weighing 150–200 g were equally divided into: 1—Control group (fed normal laboratory diet for 24 weeks), 2—Diet-induced obesity group (DIO, fed high fat diet for 24 weeks), and 3—Diet-induced obesity treated with telmisartan group (DIO + Tel, fed high fat diet and received telmisartan for 24 weeks). At the end of the study, anthropometrical parameters were evaluated. Systolic blood pressure and heart rate were measured. Blood samples were collected for the measurement of serum lipids, adipokines, cardiac, renal, inflammatory, and oxidative stress biomarkers. Kidneys were removed and used for histopathological studies, and visceral adipose tissue was utilized for histopathological, immunohistochemical and RT-PCR studies.ResultsHigh fat diet resulted in obesity-related changes in anthropometrical parameters, elevation of blood pressure, increase in heart rate, higher serum levels of cardiac, inflammatory and kidney function biomarkers, with altered serum lipids, adipokines and oxidative stress markers. Morphological changes (H&E and PAS-stained sections) were noticed in kidneys and visceral adipose tissue. Immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR studies confirmed adipose tissue dysfunction and over-expression of inflammatory and oxidative stress proteins. Telmisartan countered obesity-induced alterations in cardiovascular, renal, and adipose tissue functions.ConclusionAdipose tissue dysfunction could be the core pathophysiology of obesity-related hypertension. Besides its anti-hypertensive effect, telmisartan had profound actions on visceral adipose tissue structure and function. Attention should be given to polymodal molecules targeting adipose tissue-related disorders.

Association between some serum oxidative stress biomarkers and lipid profile in type 2 diabetic patients in Erbil City

      Increased oxidative stress appears to be a negative factor leading to insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, β-cell dysfunction, impaired glucose tolerance, and ultimately leading to type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of the study is to investigate some serum oxidative biomarkers, lipids, and their association with hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes. The 100 participants (50 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 50 healthy individuals) were enrolled in the present study. Anthropometric measures, serum fasting blood sugar, glycated hemoglobin, oxidative biomarkers, and serum lipid profiles were evaluated. The results showed that the level of malondialdehyde, fasting blood sugar, glycated hemoglobin, and lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes is higher than those in the control group, while nitric oxide was lower in diabetic than those in the control group. There are also insignificant changes in fasting blood sugar and glycated hemoglobin between baseline and after 3 months follow up. The results showed no linear relationship between oxidative damage and abnormal lipid profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes. It can be concluded that the serum level of malondialdehyde and nitric oxide, along with lipid parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes, can be a useful tool for monitoring of type 2 diabetes.

Variations of Serum Oxidative Stress Biomarkers under First-Line Antituberculosis Treatment: A Pilot Study.

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the highest infectious burdens worldwide, and pathogenesis is yet incompletely elucidated. Bacilli dissemination is due to poor antioxidant defense mechanisms and intensified oxidative stress. There are few recent studies that analyzed and compared free radicals or antioxidant status before and after anti-TB treatment. Hence, the present study underlines the need to identify oxidative stress as it could be a useful tool in TB monitorisation. Thirty newly diagnosed patients with pulmonary TB were included after signing an informed consent. Blood was collected before receiving first-line anti-tubercular therapy (T0) and after 60 days (T2). Spectrophotometric methods were used to quantify oxidative parameters (TBARS—thiobarbituric acid reactive species); enzymatic antioxidants such as SOD (superoxide dismutase), CAT (catalase), GPx (glutathione peroxidase), and TAC (total antioxidant capacity); and non-enzymatic antioxidants such as GSH (reduced glutathione). A moderate positive correlation was found between GSH and TAC (r = 0.63, p-value = 0.046) and GSH and SOD (r = 0.64, p-value = 0.041) at T2. Increased values of GSH, CAT, and SOD were noted at T2 in comparison with T0, while GPx, TAC, and TBARS decreased at T2. A better monitorisation in TB could be based on oxidative stress and antioxidant status. Nevertheless, restoring redox host balance could reduce TB progression.

Increased urinary arsenic concentration in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus: a gender-independent, smoking-dependent exposure biomarker in older adults in Tehran.

Arsenic is ranked in the top ten environmental toxicants but its impact on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its association with other human health effects is contradictory. We aimed in this study to compare the urinary arsenic concentration (u As) in older age adults (> 40years) and their T2DM subgroup in an age and gender-matched case control study to find the association of u As with, diet, oxidative stress, smoking, anthropometric factors, and lifestyle in our study participants. Face-to-face interviews based on structured questionnaires were conducted on 200 female and male volunteers (100 cases and 100 control). Considering the exclusion criteria, u As concentration and serum biomarkers of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase) of 30 newly diagnosed T2DM and 30 control were determined by ICP-mass analysis and ELISA reader respectively. Despite the similarities in sociodemographic, diet, and lifestyle factors in males and females and their T2DM subgroups, a 4 times difference in u As levels between T2DM (93.7ng/L (32)) and their healthy counterparts (23.7ng/L (2.3)) without meaningful associations with gender, age, BMI, diet, and lifestyle was observed. Mean u As concentration in total population of smokers was significantly higher than non-smokers ((119ng/L vs. 22.5ng/L (p = 0.03)) and oxidative stress markers were not significantly higher in T2DM smokers than non-smokers. Chronic arsenic exposure through smoking could be contributed to the incidence of T2DM in older age adults. Oxidative stress markers were not significantly increased in smoker subgroup compared with non-smokers but except smoking pattern, other variables did not affect u As concentration. Precautionary measure to reduce the exposure of people with this element is recommended to prevent the arsenic-induced T2DM in human populations.

Salivary and serum oxidative stress biomarkers and advanced glycation end products in periodontitis patients with or without diabetes: A cross-sectional study.

Non-invasive methods for periodontitis diagnosis would be a clinically important tool. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association between oxidative stress, glycation, and inflammation markers and periodontal clinical parameters in periodontitis and periodontally healthy patients with type 2 diabetes and corresponding systemically healthy controls. Sixty-seven periodontally healthy (DM-H, n=32) and periodontitis (DM-P, n=35) patients with type 2 diabetes, and 54 systemically healthy periodontitis (H-P, n=26) and periodontally healthy (H-H, n=28) controls were included. Clinical periodontal parameters, body mass index, fasting glucose, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), along with saliva and serum 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), malondialdehyde (MDA), 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), advanced glycation end products (AGE), AGE receptor (RAGE) and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels were recorded and analyzed. Salivary 8-OHdG levels were significantly higher in periodontitis compared to periodontally healthy patients, regardless of systemic status (P<0.001). Salivary MDA levels were significantly higher in all disease groups compared to H-H group (P ≤ 0.004). Serum AGE levels were significantly higher in diabetic groups than systemically healthy groups (P<0.001) and in H-P compared to H-H (P<0.001). Bleeding on probing (BOP) and clinical attachment level (CAL) strongly correlated with salivary 8-OHdG and serum hsCRP (P<0.001). In systemically healthy patients, salivary 8-OHdG was the most accurate marker to differentiate periodontitis from controls (AUC=0.84). In diabetics salivary 4-HNE and RAGE were the most accurate (AUC=0.85 for both). Salivary 8-OHdG alone or in combination with 4-HNE, AGE and RAGE for diabetics, and salivary 8-OHdG alone or in combination with MDA and hsCRP for systemically healthy persons, could potentially serve as non-invasive screening marker(s) of periodontitis.

Evaluation of haematological parameters and oxidative stress-induced in rats exposed to radio-frequency radiation from mobile phones

Introduction: The use of new wireless technologies emitting radio-frequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) radiation has been introduced worldwide, raising concerns about their biosafety. So far, there have been contradictory scientific reports which have led to active debates over the bio-effects of EMF on the ecosystem. Aim: This study, therefore, aims to evaluate the bio-effect of exposure to RF-EMF from a mobile phone simulator. Materials and Methods: The experimental study used 16 healthy albino rats (8 females/8 males) randomly selected and divided equally into two groups: Group A (8 rats exposed to mobile phone simulators) and Group C (8 rats as control); the study procedure was carried out for 6 weeks. The rats were examined for physical changes, hematological profiles, and serum oxidative stress (OS) biomarkers. Results: The outcome of the study showed that exposure to RF-EMF affected the weight of the animals; this is illustrated when comparing the baseline weight/final weight of the exposed as compared to the control. This trend was also replicated when compared across gender, though further analysis showed no significance across the two groups (P > 0.05). The result of the hematological analysis showed that only granulocytes (neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils) showed significance (P = 0.04), while for OS biomarkers, the result showed that superoxide dismutase and catalase showed significant difference (P = 0.02), respectively, across the two groups. Conclusion: This study concludes that exposure to RF-EMF has an associated effect on hematology and OS induction and therefore recommends the adherence to the precautionary principle while further research has been carried out on their specific mechanism and site of action.

Changes in Serum Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Cattle Vaccinated with Tick Recombinant Antigens: A Pilot Study.

Tick vaccination is an environmentally friendly alternative for tick control, pathogen infection, and transmission. Tick vaccine protection is sometimes incomplete, which may be due to problems in the stability, conformation, and activity of antibodies. This might be related to oxidative stress, but more studies are needed about the possible relationships between oxidative stress and immune function. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare various serum biomarkers of antioxidant response and oxidative damage in cattle vaccinated with two recombinant antigens, the chimera of Subolesin- BM95 (homologue antigen of BM86)-MSP1a and BM86, and a control consisting in the adjuvant of the vaccines. Cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), ferric reducing ability of the plasma (FRAP), trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), total thiol concentrations, and uric acid were evaluated in serum to determine the antioxidant response. To evaluate oxidative status, ferrous oxidation-xylenol orange (FOX), total oxidant status (TOS), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentrations in serum were determined. In addition, correlations between biomarkers of oxidative stress and antibody titers were evaluated. A significant decrease in all antioxidant biomarkers, with exception of thiol, and also a decrease in the oxidant markers TOS, AOPP and H2O2 was observed in cattle vaccinated with BM86, that also showed the highest antibody titers response whereas no significant differences in any of the biomarkers were detected in the Subolesin-Bm95-MSP1a and control groups. In addition, the dynamics of Cuprac and H2O2 with time showed significant differences between the groups. Although this is a pilot study and the results should be interpreted with caution and corroborated by studies involving a large number of animals, our results indicate that, in our experimental conditions, those vaccines able to induce a lower oxidative stress produce a higher concentration of antigen-specific antibodies. Overall, the results of the study provided information on the behavior of different biomarkers related to antioxidant defense, and the oxidative damage in cattle in response to vaccination.

離乳後の黒毛和種子牛におけるビタミンE投与と酸化ストレスバイオマーカー，牛RSウイルスワクチン接種に対する抗体産生への影響

離乳後の黒毛和種子牛におけるビタミンE投与と酸化ストレスバイオマーカー，牛RSウイルスワクチン接種に対する抗体産生への影響

Evaluation of modulatory effects of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) aqueous extract on oxidative stress in ischemic stroke patients: a randomized clinical trial

ABSTRACT Objectives Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) has been widely used in traditional medicine as a treatment of nervous disorders. Saffron as an antioxidant can be considered effective for treatment of oxidative stress in ischemia stroke. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the role of aqueous extract of saffron in reducing oxidative stress in ischemic strokes patients. Methods Forty patients with acute ischemic stroke were randomly divided into two groups including control group and saffron group. During 4 days of experiment, control group received routine stroke care and saffron group received routine care plus capsule of saffron 400 mg/day (200 mg twice per day). Then, two groups were compared using the National Institute of Health Stoke Scale (NIHSS) and serum oxidative stress biomarkers, at the time of hospital admission and 4 days later as well. Results On the fourth day after ischemic stroke onset, antioxidant enzymes activities and glutathione (GSH) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels were higher in the saffron group compared to the control group, while malondialdehyde (MDA) level was lower. In addition, the severity of stroke, based on the NIHSS scores, was significantly reduced after 4 days in the saffron group. The severity of stroke was negatively correlated with the levels of GSH and TAC and positively correlated with MDA level. Conclusions Saffron has modulatory effects on ischemic-induced oxidative stress due to its free radical scavenging and antioxidant properties. Thus, saffron extract can be considered as a potential candidate therapy of the ischemic brain.

Exposure to variable doses of nickel oxide nanoparticles disturbs serum biochemical parameters and oxidative stress biomarkers from vital organs of albino mice in a sex-specific manner

Introduction This study was designed to report the biological effect of nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO NPs) in albino mice. Material and methods Five weeks old albino mice of both sex were intraperitoneally injected either with 20 mg (low dose) or 50 mg/mL saline/kg body weight (high dose) of NiO NPs for 14 days. Saline-treated controls were maintained in parallel. Complete blood count, selected serum biochemical parameters and oxidative stress biomarkers from vital organs were determined in all subjects. Results Male mice treated with NiO NPS had increased blood urea nitrogen, elevated superoxide dismutase (SOD) in liver elevated MDA in liver, kidney and heart and reduced catalase activity in heart and kidney. Female mice treated with NiO NPs had significantly reduced serum albumin and total proteins, SOD in lungs and elevated MDA in liver. Discussion We are reporting that intraperitoneal injections of NiO NPs for 14 days drastically affect blood serum parameters and oxidative stress biomarkers from vital organs of albino mice. Conclusion Toxic effects of NiO NPs were dose and sex dependent and they were more pronounced at higher dose and in male mice.

Chronic NaHS treatment improves spatial and passive avoidance learning and memory and anxiety-like behavior and decreases oxidative stress in rats fed with a high-fat diet

Cognitive function is impaired by increased consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD). Also, HFD consumption can alter hydrogen sulfide (H2S) metabolism. H2S is an important signaling molecule with antioxidant effects that regulates multiple functions in the brain. In the present study, we investigated the effect of sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, an H2S donor) on cognitive impairment and oxidative stress changes induced by HFD consumption. Following 11 weeks of HFD regimes in Wistar rats, elevated plus-maze (EPM), Morris water maze (MWM), and passive avoidance learning (PAL) tasks were used to evaluate the anxiety-like behavior and spatial and passive learning and memory, respectively. Daily intraperitoneal injection of NaHS was done during the dietary regimen. Serum and hippocampal oxidative stress biomarkers (malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and total oxidant status (TOS)) were measured. We demonstrated that treatment with NaHS ameliorated the impairment in the retrieval of reference memory and passive avoidance learning. Moreover, HFD increased anxiety-like behavior, which was reversed by the administration of NaHS. Additionally, the increase in MDA and TOS and the decrease in TAC induced by HFD in the serum and hippocampus were significantly reduced following administration of NaHS. These results indicate that NaHS could significantly ameliorate HFD-induced spatial and passive learning and memory impairment and anxiety-like behavior, at least in part, via its antioxidant activities. Therefore, the administration of NaHS can provide a therapeutic approach for HFD-induced memory impairment.

Fumaric acid protect the cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity in rats: owing to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory action and aid in recast the liver function.

In the modern world, indiscriminate human activities impelled environmental toxicity through heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd) that poses significant health hazards to the flora and fauna. Multiple mechanisms such as oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptotic cell death, and chromosomal aberrations underlie the Cd-induced organ toxicity with the liver and kidneys bearing most of the brunt. Fumaric acid (FA) is an organic acid (C4H4O4) omnipresent in nature and attributed with such properties (e.g., antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, chemopreventive, anti-psoriatic, immunomodulatory, and neuroprotective) that may bestow relief in Cd-induced liver damage. Hence, in the present study, the protective effects of FA were determined in Cd-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Wistar rats were chronically exposed to Cd (5 mg/kg, p.o.) to induce liver dysfunction. The rats were subjected to FA (1.25, 2.5, 5 mg/kg; p.o.) pre-treatment for 28 days to observe effects on liver and serum biomarkers of oxidative stress, enzymatic activities, and hepatic damage (liver histopathology). Body weights, feed/water intake, body mass index (BMI), and non-invasive parameters (FIB-4 score; AST/ALT ratio) were quantified. Cd-triggered hepatic injury in rats through oxidative stress, derangement of hepatic serum biomarkers (ALT, AST, ALP, LDH, bilirubin, cholesterol, triglycerides, uric acid, and platelet count), and pathogenic alteration in non-invasive parameters. FA pre-treatment significantly protected rat livers against Cd toxicity by decreasing oxidative stress and improving the hepatic serum biomarkers and non-invasive parameters. In a histopathological analysis, FA prevented Cd-accrued hepatocellular damage. Fumaric acid showed potential to avert hepatic injury against cadmium in rats. Graphical abstract.

Caspases as prognostic markers and mortality predictors in acute organophosphorus poisoning

BackgroundOrganophosphorus (OP) compounds have been widely available for decades in agriculture for crop protection and as cheap pest controllers, which increases the rate of exposure and poisoning cases. Using serum cholinesterase as prognostic markers for the acute OP toxicity is controversial; therefore, we aim to find out prognostic biomarkers that best correlate with mortality and outcomes of patients with acute OP toxicity. Levels of serum oxidative stress biomarkers (malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC)) and activity of the apoptotic biomarkers (caspase 3 and caspase 9) and pseudo-cholinesterase (p.ChE) were performed. Also, we evaluated the apoptotic capacity through determining the genotoxic effects and chromosomal abnormalities among OP intoxicated patients. ResultsWe found the activity of caspases and serum MDA and TAC were significantly increased after OP poisoning and decreased after the appropriate atropine and oxime treatment course. The ROC curve suggested caspases as mortality and outcome predictive markers for acute OP poisoning patients. However, OP poisoning cases before treatment showed significant DNA damage, and they did not show any chromosomal aberration. ConclusionThe mentioned results strongly suggest apoptotic-related markers (caspase 3, caspase 9) as prognostic markers for evaluation of the treatment, outcomes, and mortality rate in the acute OP toxicity patients.

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, evaluating the garlic supplement effects on some serum biomarkers of oxidative stress, and quality of life in women with rheumatoid arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), is a prevalent immune-inflammatory disease, which is associated with disabling pain. Oxidative stress might play a role in RA pathogenesis and outcomes. According to the antioxidant properties of garlic, the current study was performed to evaluate the garlic supplement effects on some serum levels of oxidative stress biomarkers, and quality of life in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Seventy women with RA participated in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-design trial. The patients were randomly divided into two groups, receiving two tablets of either 500mg garlic or placebo daily for 8weeks. Serum levels of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and quality of life were determined at baseline and end of week 8. A health assessment questionnaire (HAQ) was used to evaluate the quality of life related to health. Of 70 patients enrolled in the trial, 62 subjects were included in the final analysis. At the end of the study, there was a significant increase in serum levels of TAC in the garlic group as compared with the placebo group (26.58±77.30nmol of Trolox equivalent/ml vs 16.11±0.92nmol of Trolox equivalent/mL; P=.026). In addition, MDA levels were significantly decreased in the intervention group compared with the control group (-0.82±1.99nmol/mL vs 0.36±2.57nmol/mL; P=.032). Pain after activity and HAQ scores decreased in the garlic group compared with the placebo (-11.96±13.43mm vs -0.06±13.41mm; P<.001, 0.17±20 vs 0.05±0.15; P<.001, respectively). The findings suggest that garlic supplementation for 8weeks resulted in significant improvements in oxidative stress, HAQ in women with RA.

Gene expression, DNA and kidney damage induced by pirimiphos-methyl in male mice: Chemical composition and ameliorative role of Origanum majorana leaves extract

The mechanism of renal toxicity after exposure to pesticides is not completed known until now. Some scientists suggested that the accumulation of pesticide residues in kidney tissue is one theory for explaining how pesticides alter kidney function and cause cell injury. This study is, therefore, the first one to explain the mechanism of pirimiphos-methyl (PM) induce kidney dysfunction and damage in mice. The ameliorative effect of Origanum majorana leaves extract against renal dysfunction and damage. The effect of pirimiphos-methyl (PM) on gene expression, DNA damage, oxidant/antioxidant status and renal toxicity of male mice were studied. Chemical fingerprint by HPLC and GC/MS of O. majorana leave extract and their ameliorative role was investigated. Mice received PM orally at dose 12.0 mg/kg b. wt. (1/10 LD50) for four weeks with or without plant extracts at dose 150 and 300 mg/kg. b. wt. Phenolic and flavonoid compounds e.g., gallic acid, protocatechuic and cateachin while beta-terpineol (25.71%), gamma-terpineol (15.03%), (-)-spathulenol (10.79%), terpinen-4-ol (10.59%), terpineol (10.08%) and trans-caryophyllene by GC-MS analysis. Pirimiphos methyl increased molecule-1 gene (KIM-1) relative expression and increased percentage of the cell with DNA damage in kidney tissue of mice. It changed antioxidant biomarkers such as glutathione-s-transferees (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the kidney. They enhanced the concentration of uric acid and creatinine in serum and caused histopathological alterations in the kidney tissue. Co-administration of plant extract restored serum kidney function and oxidative stress biomarkers within the normal range especially at a high dose of plant extracts. It can be concluded that the mechanism of renal damage induced by PM could be due to the effect on molecule-1 gene (KIM-1) expression and damage DNA in the renal cells. The mechanism of change in kidney function and injure could be due to the imbalance between oxidant/antioxidant status because of producing reactive oxygen species. Administration of O. majorana extract ameliorates KIM-1 gene expiration, reduced DNA damage, and improved kidney function and protect renal cells via their scavenger ability to free radicals. These findings indicated that leave extract of O. majorana could be used as a tea to protect agricultural workers and pesticide sprayers against oxidative damage and kidney injury induced by pesticides. Key words: Gene expression, DNA, Comet assay, pirimiphos-methyl, oxidative stress, HPLC, GC-MS, Origanum majorana, kidney, mice.

Effects of the use of bioceramic wraps in patients with lower limb venous ulcers: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial

BackgroundVenous ulcer represents the most advanced stage of chronic venous insufficiency. It is an important public health problem and has a significant impact on patients’ quality of life due to chronic pain, inability to work, need for hospitalization and frequent outpatient follow-up. ObjectiveWe investigated the treatment benefits of far-infrared ceramic (cFIR), in a 90-day study of lower limb venous ulcers and looked at ulcer healing scores, quality of life, serum bio-markers of oxidative stress and antioxidant defense enzymes. Design, setting, participants and interventionsThis is a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study conducted in the Vascular Surgery Service of a hospital located in the northwest region of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. We included patients with lower limb venous ulcers who were randomized to use either a bioceramics wrap or a placebo wrap for 90 days. Main outcome measuresThe following evaluations were conducted at baseline and after 15, 30, 60 and 90 days: ulcer healing score, quality of life, and serum markers of oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme activity. ResultsPatients (n = 24) with lower limb venous ulcers were randomized into two treatment groups. cFIR decreased the ulcer size on day 30 (P = 0.042) and 90 (P = 0.034) and the total ulcer healing scale scores on day 30 (P = 0.049) and 90 (P = 0.02) of the treatment, when compared to baseline. Additionally, cFIR improved tissue type (epithelial tissue) on day 60 (P = 0.022) when compared to baseline evaluation. ConclusioncFIR clinically improved ulcer healing in patients with lower limb venous ulcers. Trial registrationRBR-8c7xzn on ReBEC.

Maternal obesity accelerates rat offspring metabolic ageing in a sex-dependent manner.

Maternal obesity predisposes to metabolic dysfunction in male and female offspring Maternal high-fat diet consumption prior to and throughout pregnancy and lactation accelerates offspring metabolic ageing in a sex-dependent manner This study provides evidence for programming-ageing interactions ABSTRACT: Human epidemiological studies show that maternal obesity (MO) shortens offspring life and health span. Life course cellular mechanisms involved in this developmental programming-ageing interaction are poorly understood. In a well-established rat MO model, female Wistar rats ate chow (controls (C)) or high energy, obesogenic diet to induce MO from weaning through pregnancy and lactation. Females were bred at postnatal day (PND) 120. Offspring (F1 ) of mothers on control diet (CF1 ) and MO diet (MOF1 ) delivered spontaneously at terms. Both CF1 and MOF1 ate C diet from weaning throughout the study. Offspring were killed at PND 36, 110, 450 and 650. We determined body and liver weights, liver and serum metabolite concentrations, hormones and oxidative stress biomarkers. Male and female CF1 body weight, total fat, adiposity index, serum leptin, insulin, insulin resistance, and liver weight, fat, triglycerides, malondialdehyde, reactive oxygen species and nitrotyrosine all rose with differing ageing trajectories. Female CF1 triglycerides were unchanged with age. Age-related increases were greater in MOF1 than CF1 in both sexes for all variables except glucose in males and females and cholesterol in males. Cholesterol fell in CF1 females but not MOF1 . Serum corticosterone levels were higher in male and female MOF1 than CF1 and declined with age. DHEA serum levels were lower in male and female MOF1 than CF1 . Liver antioxidant enzymes decreased with age (CF1 and MOF1 ). exposure to the developmental challenge of MO accelerates progeny ageing metabolic and endocrine profiles in a sex specific manner, providing evidence for programming-ageing interactions.

Bioefficacy of red cabbage against hypercholesterolemic diet mediated oxidative stress

BackgroundThe shift towards hypercaloric diets and sedentariness has raised lifestyle related disorders and escalated health care cost. In order to tackle this epidemiological transition, healthy, affordable food choices should be introduced in the routine menu. In this context, red cabbage is known for its rich phytochemistry, minerals, antioxidant vitamins and dietary fiber. Considering these evidences, red cabbage leaves and its extract were assessed against hypercholesterolemia and associated oxidative stress.MethodsIn bioefficacy assessment trial (12 weeks), there were two dietary regimens; normal and hypercholesterolemic (1% cholesterol) that were further split into three groups each. In both feeding trials, red cabbage leaves (20%) and its extract in dose equivalent to red cabbage leaves were assessed against control diets. At termination of trial, serum lipidemic parameters and oxidative stress biomarkers were assessed to test the efficacy of diets.ResultsIn hypercholesterolemic rabbits, red cabbage leaves showed significant reduction in cholesterol, LDL-c and triacylglycerol levels i.e. 15.19, 18.09 and 9.42% than extract administered groups; 10.79, 12.24 and 5.72, respectively. Besides, red cabbage leaves also portrayed momentous enhancement of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity up to 13.29 & 17.63% by lowering lipid peroxidation by 27.86% in hypercholesterolemic diet fed groups, whereas red cabbage extract administered group depicted relatively lesser amelioration in lipid peroxidation i.e. 21.42%.ConclusionsRed cabbage leaves possess higher ameliorative potential against altered lipidemic profile and lipid peroxidation as compared to its extract thus explains its ability to prevent exhaustion of endogenous antioxidant enzymes; SOD and CAT.

Combination Effect of Voluntary Exercise and Garlic (Allium sativum) on Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Lipid Profile in Healthy Rats

Background: We evaluated the combination effect of voluntary exercise and garlic on serum oxidative stress biomarkers and lipid profile in healthy rats. Methods: The rats were randomly assigned to four groups (n=7): Control, Garlic, Exercise, and Garlic + Exercise. Rats were fed with raw fresh garlic homogenate by oral gavage (250 mg/kg) or were subjected to voluntary exercise using stainless steel running wheels alone or together for 6 weeks. The samples were collected at the end of the experiment. Results: After 6 weeks, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides (TG) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels improved in both garlic and exercise group, compared with the control group. We also found that serum glutathione peroxidase (Gpx), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), and Total antioxidant (TAC) levels enhanced significantly following the above-mentioned interventions. Furthermore, simultaneous treatment of rats with garlic and voluntary exercise had an additive effect on these parameters. However, malondialdehyde (MDA) level was not significantly different from control group during our protocol. Conclusion: The findings revealed that simultaneous treatment of rats with garlic and voluntary exercise improved antioxidant defense system and lipid profile in an additive manner in healthy rats.

Effects of black seed and thyme leaves dietary supplements against malathion insecticide-induced toxicity in experimental rat model

ObjectivesMalathion is a widely used pesticide in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia against pests that infest dates, and it causes severe damage to humans and animals. We evaluated the possible defensive effect of dietary supplementation with powdered black seeds (PBS) and powdered thyme leaves (PTL) against malathion-induced toxicity in a rat model. MethodsRats were divided into 4 equal groups: healthy control group, malathion-intoxicated group, malathion-intoxicated rats fed diets supplemented with PBS group, and malathion-intoxicated rats fed diets supplemented with PTL group. about I mL aliquot of each blood sample was kept in an EDTA-containing tube, and used immediately to measure different hematological parameters, including hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cells, leukocytes and platelets. Signs of toxicity were recorded daily. After sacrifice, internal organs (liver, kidneys) were removed and washed in cold saline and used to obtain gross findings and perform biochemical serum analysis. ResultsMalathion-induced toxicity was shown by altered hematological parameters, increasing serum lipid parameters, oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers, and kidney and liver damage. However, dietary supplementation with either PBS or PTL reversed the toxic effect of malathion by ameliorating lipid parameters, antioxidant enzyme levels, and proinflammatory cytokine levels. Moreover, both supplements exhibited a protective effect against liver and kidney damage. ConclusionDietary supplementation with either PBS or PTL reduced malathion toxicity through different antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.