Serum Aspartate Aminotransferase Concentrations Research Articles

지방간 모델에서 가시오가피 발효물의 간 기능 개선 효과

본 연구에서는 두 종류의 가시오가피 발효물 추출물(FM-5111, FM-5131)에 대한 지방간 예방 및 개선 효능을 검토하였다. 그 결과 FM-5111, FM-5131 모두 ethionine과 ethanol 지방간 모델에서 간 손상의 지표인 AST의 수치를 감소시키며, 간 내 총 지질량과 중성지방 함유량을 감소시키는 효능을 보이고 있다. 특히 간 내 총 지질량과 중성지방 함유량의 감소 정도로 보았을 때, ethanol 지방간 모델에서 더욱 두드러진 효능을 보이고 있다. 따라서 FM-5111과 FM-5131은 비알코올성 지방간 형성을 예방하고 알코올에의해 형성된 지방간을 개선하는 효능을 가지고 있으며, 비알코올성 지방간과 알코올성 지방간 모델에서 간 손상 등을 억제하는 것으로 판단된다.

Hepato- and nephroprotective activities of a Nigerian local king tuber oyster mushroom, Pleurotus tuberregium (higher Basidiomycetes), in chemically induced organ toxicities in rats.

Chronic kidney disease, end-stage renal failure, and liver diseases are increasing worldwide and constitute a huge burden on health care costs, with attendant high morbidity and debility. Despite advances in modern medicine, there are still no licensed drugs that satisfactorily restore lost kidney or hepatic functions. In this study the chemoprotective effects of the hot aqueous extract of a local edible oyster mushroom, Pleurotus tuberregium (APTR), was evaluated in experimental liver and kidney toxicities. The effect of APTR on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)- and paracetamol (PCM)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats was investigated by determining serum concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Short-term oral treatment with APTR (100 and 250 mg/kg) significantly reduced (P < 0.05) the increased concentrations of AST, ALT, and ALP induced in both PCM and CCl4 models of liver toxicity. APTR (100 and 250 mg/kg) decreased the mean serum AST concentrations by as much as 73.00% and 99.37%, respectively, in PCM-treated rats. Nephroprotection was assessed by determining the serum concentrations of creatinine and urea, as well as antioxidant enzymes, in kidney tissue homogenates after a repeated high dose of gentamicin. APTR (100 and 250 mg/kg) produced a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in the escalated serum concentrations of creatinine and urea by as much as 48.36% and 41.53%, respectively, compared to control. Similarly, levels of the antioxidant enzymes catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase in kidney tissue were increased in a dose-related manner in groups that received oral APTR supplementation. The results of this study suggest that the consumption of our local edible mushroom, P. tuberregium, could, in addition to its high nutritive value, protect the liver and kidneys from oxidative damage caused by drugs and toxicants such as CCl4 and high doses of gentamicin and PCM.

Effect of Garcinia kola biflavonoid fractions on some biochemical parameters of P407-induced hyperlipidemic albino rats: a phytopreventive and phytotherapeutic studies

The phytopreventive and phytotherapeutic effects of Garcinia kola biflavonoid fractions on some biochemical parameters in Poloxamer 407 (P407)-induced hyperlipidemic rats were studied for a period of 21 days. Sixty mixed sex Wistar rats weighing 150–200 g were divided into two major groups: (1) phytopreventive group comprising the following subgroups: normal control, P407-induced hyperlipidemic control, and groups treated orally with atorvastatin as standard drug, root bark, stem bark, and seed biflavonoid fractions of G. kola, respectively, for 19 days and made hyperlipidemic with a single intraperitoneal injection on day 19; (2) phytotherapeutic group comprising similar subgroups that were induced by an intraperitoneal injection of P407 every 48 h and treated with atorvastatin, root bark, stem bark, and seed biflavonoid fractions for 21 days. In both groups, atorvastatin, P407, and the G. kola biflavonoid fractions were administered at 10, 500, and 200 mg/kg body weight, respectively. Blood samples were collected from the rats in all the groups at the end of the experiment for determination of serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), total bilirubin (TB), conjugated bilirubin (CB), and fasting blood glucose (FBG) using Randox kits. Serum concentration of AST was significantly (p 0.05) different from the normal rats. These results highlight the efficacy of G. kola (root bark, stem bark, and seed) biflavonoid fractions in the amelioration of some undesirable effects of hyperlipidemia.

Atividade sérica das enzimas musculares em muares submetidos à prova de resistência de 100 km

O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a influência do exercício físico de intensidade submáxima sobre as concentrações séricas de aspartato aminotransferase (AST), creatinoquinase (CK) e lactato-desidrogenase (LDH) em muares durante prova de enduro de 100 km realizada no estado do Espírito Santo. Para tal foram obtidas amostras de soro de 20 muares em três momentos assim definidos: no repouso (T0); após 54 km de percurso (T1); após 80 km de percurso (T2); e após 100 km de percurso (T3). As referidas amostras foram encaminhadas ao Laboratório Clínico Veterinário (CEMEVES) para processamento. Na avaliação da atividade sérica de AST, os valores médios registrados nos momentos T0, T1, T2 e T3 foram, respectivamente, de 341,7±73,9 UI/L, 403,1±78,4 UI/L, 410,5±70,5 UI/L e 426,5±66,7 UI/L. Na avaliação da atividade sérica da LDH, os valores médios registrados foram de 423,1±101,8 UI/L, 534,4±131,8 UI/L, 628,5±100,6 UI/L e 823,4±273,2 UI/L, respectivamente, nos momentos T0, T1, T2 e T3. Por fim, na avaliação da atividade sérica da CK os valores de mediana foram de 231,3 UI/L, 310,6 UI/L, 253,2 UI/L e 476,0 UI/L, respectivamente nos momentos T0, T1, T2 e T3. A análise dos resultados demonstrou que o exercício físico imposto levou ao aumento significativo das atividades séricas de AST e LDH e não alterou as concentrações séricas de CK.

Glutamine supplementation in preterm infants receiving parenteral nutrition leads to an early improvement in liver function.

The aim of study was to confirm the protective effects of parenteral glutamine supplementation on liver injury in premature infants and determine how quickly effects became evident. We performed a double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical study to assess the effect of parenteral nutrition (PN) supplemented with glutamine in premature infants. Thirty infants from two children's centers, were randomly assigned to either a control group (Standard PN; n=15) or a glutamine-supplemented group (GlnPN; n=15). The primary endpoint was hepatic function. The secondary endpoints were total duration of PN, weight and head circumference gain, length of hospitalization, and days on a ventilator. The serum level of alkaline phosphatase (AKP) after parenteral nutrition for 14 days was significantly higher (p<0.05) in the control group. But in the glutamine-supplemented group, the serum concentration of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) significantly decreased after PN for 7 days and 14 days (p<0.05), and the level of alkaline phosphatase (AKP) showed no increase. The levels of AKP and GGT were significantly different with time by group interaction. Levels of AKP was higher in control group than glutamine-supplemented group, and GGT level was lower in glutamine-supplemented group compared with controls. There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of total duration of PN, weight gain (g/d), increase in head circumference (cm/w), length of hospitalization, and duration of mechanical ventilation. The longer the duration of parenteral nutrition, the more severe hepatic dysfunction became. Parenteral glutamine supplementation suggested a hepatoprotective effect.

Resistant Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Amelioration With Rosuvastatin and Pioglitazone Combination Therapy in a Patient With Metabolic Syndrome

To report a case describing resolution of persistently elevated aminotransferases in a patient with severe, resistant nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) using combination therapy. A 47-year-old obese male patient presented with a history of elevated aminotransferases and numerous statin intolerances. In addition to worsening control of diabetes and dyslipidemia, severe NAFLD was confirmed. Rosuvastatin was started, which induced short-term elevations in aminotransferases resulting in patient discontinuation. Biochemical markers of NAFLD worsened over time. Therefore, both rosuvastatin 20 mg daily and pioglitazone 15 mg daily were started simultaneously to potentially blunt the early increase in transaminases seen with rosuvastatin. At 2 weeks, the patient's alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) had decreased 57% and 56% from baseline, respectively. By 9 months, the patient's ALT and AST serum concentrations had normalized. Repeat liver ultrasound demonstrated improvement in steatosis grading and reduction in liver size. These improvements occurred despite a 4.5-kg weight gain since starting rosuvastatin and pioglitazone. Pharmacotherapy in NAFLD is not well validated, particularly combination therapy. Medications that target obesity-related consequences are commonly used, although evidence regarding biochemical and histological improvement is inconclusive. Consideration should be given to the use of combination of thiazolidinediones and statins for rapid biochemical improvement and long-term histological impact. The improvement in this patient's biochemical and ultrasonographic markers of resistant, severe NAFLD was rapid and sustained with combination therapy. This case represents a potential solution for initiating or maintaining statin therapy in patients with NAFLD who are at high cardiovascular risk.

탄수화물-전해질음료 보충이 고온 환경에서의 운동 시 혈중 기관 손상 지표 및 HSP 70에 미치는 영향

The purpose of the current research is to investigate the effects of body fluid replacement by carbohydrate-electrolyte drink on serum organ damage index and heat shock protein 70(HSP 70) during exercise in high ambient temperature. The subjects of the current research were 9 healthy male. The subjects were asked to perform treadmill running at 75%HRR for 60minutes in three different conditions controlled by the environmental chamber: 1) thermoneutral environment(ET), 2) high ambient temperature environment(EH), and 3) high ambient temperature environment and body fluid replacement by carbohydrate-electrolyte drink(EHS). Ambient temperature and relative humidity were set at 18℃ and 50%, respectively, for the theromoneutral environment, and 32℃ and 50% for the high ambient temperature environment. The identical amount of carbohydrate- electrolyte drink to the amount of body fluid loss for each subject was orally ingested in the EHS. Blood sampling were taken at pre-exercise, at immediately post-exercise, and at 60minute post-exercise for examining the levels of serum organ function enzyme and HSP 70. The serum concentration of creatine kinase(CK), lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), and HSP 70 immediately post exercise appeared to be significantly higher in EH compared to the ET(p.05). The serum concentration of aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alanine aminotransferase(ALT), blood urea nitrogen(BUN), creatinine, phosphorus was shown to significantly increase at immediately post exercise(p.05). On the base of the results of the current study, it is suggested that exercise in high ambient temperature can induce increase concentrations of organ function enzymes(CK, LDH) and HSP 70 which may negatively influence on human organ functions. Body fluid replacements during exercise in high ambient temperature, however, can attenuate the negative consequences of thermal stress on human organ functions by preventing dehydration and reducing thermal stress.

Dose–response efficacy and long-term effect of the hypocholesterolemic effect of octadecylpectinamide in rats

The dose–response efficiency and long-term effect of the hypocholesterolemic effect of octadecylpectinamide was examined in female rats fed diets containing cholesterol at 10g/kg. In our first experiment, amidated pectin supplied at 20g/kg, 40g/kg and 60g/kg significantly decreased serum cholesterol from 3.32μmol/ml (control) to 1.23μmol/ml in a dose-dependent manner. In a second experiment, the hypocholesterolemic effect of amidated pectin supplied at 20g/kg persisted after 3 months of feeding. In both experiments, the amidated pectin significantly decreased the concentrations of cholesterol in hepatic tissue and triacylglycerols in serum. The serum concentration of aspartate aminotransferase significantly increased in rats fed amidated pectin at 60g/kg for 4 weeks, and at 20g/kg for 3 months. In conclusion, amidated pectin at a low dose and used for a period shorter than 3 months might be considered as an effective hypocholesterolemic and lipid-lowering agent that may substitute typical antilipidemic drugs.

Effects of repeat exposure to inhalation anesthetics on liver and renal function

Background:Cross hypersensitivity to inhalation anesthetics has not been studied. The aim of this study was to investigate it by comparing liver and renal function after repeated anesthesia with sevoflurane and isoflurane retrospectively.Materials and Methods:The adult patients who received general anesthesia twice within the interval of 14 days to 1 year were retrospectively analyzed. Those who received sevoflurane anesthesia twice (SS group, 53 cases), isoflurane anesthesia twice (II group, 31 cases), sevoflurane followed by isoflurane anesthesia (SI group, 29 cases), isoflurane followed by sevoflurane anesthesia (IS group, 35 cases), and propofol–fentanyl anesthesia twice (PP group, 58 cases) were enrolled. Serum concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin (Bil), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GTP), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine (Cr) measured 1-3, 5-8, and 12-16 days after surgery were investigated.Results:In the IS group, the number of the patients with abnormal values of ALT and γ-GTP 5–8 days after surgery were significantly smaller at second anesthesia compared to the first anesthesia. The number of the patients with abnormal values of AST, ALT, and γ-GTP were significantly larger in the II group than the SS and PP groups. The number of patients who had higher values in each parameter at second anesthesia compared to the first anesthesia was not different among the groups.Conclusions:Sevoflurane and isoflurane might have no cross hypersensitivity. Both anesthetics might not have any additional risks to increase liver and renal damage by second anesthesia.

Probucol Ameliorates the Development of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in Rats Fed High-Fat Diets

We sought to evaluate the effects of probucol on steatohepatitis and associated molecular mechanisms in a rat model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) induced by high-fat diet (HFD). Forty male rats weighing 100-120g were randomly assigned to the following treatments (n=10 for each treatment): standard diet+normal saline (NC group), standard diet+500mg/kg/day probucol (NP group), HFD+normal saline (HD group), and HFD+500mg/kg/day probucol (HP group). All animals received the above treatments for 15weeks. Lipid metabolism and steatohepatitis were assessed. Systemic insulin resistance, oxidative stress status, serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and adiponectin levels, and gene expression were examined. High-fat feeding resulted in macrovesicular steatosis, lobular inflammation, and hepatocellular ballooning degeneration in the liver, coupled with increased concentrations of serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase. Probucol exposure attenuated the biochemical and histological changes comparable with NASH. Moreover, probucol treatment significantly prevented the elevations of serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein and the increase in the expression of numerous lipid metabolism-related genes in HFD-fed rats. There were increased insulin sensitivity and serum adiponectin levels and enhanced hepatic AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylation in the HP group. Probucol lessened the HFD-induced elevation of serum TNF-α and hepatic malondialdehyde and reduced antioxidant enzymatic activities. Probucol shows beneficial effects on HFD-induced steatohepatitis by improving insulin resistance and attenuating oxidative stress and systemic inflammation.

Ipilimumab in patients with melanoma and brain metastases: an open-label, phase 2 trial

Brain metastases commonly develop in patients with melanoma and are a frequent cause of death of patients with this disease. Ipilimumab improves survival in patients with advanced melanoma. We aimed to investigate the safety and activity of this drug specifically in patients with brain metastases. Between July 31, 2008, and June 3, 2009, we enrolled patients with melanoma and brain metastases from ten US centres who were older than 16 years into two parallel cohorts. Patients in cohort A were neurologically asymptomatic and were not receiving corticosteroid treatment at study entry; those in cohort B were symptomatic and on a stable dose of corticosteroids. Patients were to receive four doses of 10 mg/kg intravenous ipilimumab, one every 3 weeks. Individuals who were clinically stable at week 24 were eligible to receive 10 mg/kg intravenous ipilimumab every 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients with disease control, defined as complete response, partial response, or stable disease after 12 weeks, assessed with modified WHO criteria. Analyses of safety and efficacy included all treated patients. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00623766. We enrolled 72 patients: 51 into cohort A and 21 into cohort B. After 12 weeks, nine patients in cohort A exhibited disease control (18%, 95% CI 8-31), as did one patient in cohort B (5%, 0·1-24). When the brain alone was assessed, 12 patients in cohort A (24%, 13-38) and two in cohort B (10%, 1-30) achieved disease control. We noted disease control outside of the brain in 14 patients (27%, 16-42) in cohort A and in one individual (5%, 0·1-24) in cohort B. The most common grade 3 adverse events in cohort A were diarrhoea (six patients [12%]) and fatigue (six [12%]); in cohort B, they were dehydration (two individuals [10%]), hyperglycaemia (two [10%]), and increased concentrations of serum aspartate aminotransferase (two [10%]). One patient in each cohort had grade 4 confusion. The most common grade 3 immune-related adverse events were diarrhoea (six patients [12%]) and rash (one [2%]) in cohort A, and rash (one individual [5%]) and increased concentrations of serum aspartate aminotransferase (two [10%]) in cohort B. One patient in cohort A died of drug-related complications of immune-related colitis. Ipilimumab has activity in some patients with advanced melanoma and brain metastases, particularly when metastases are small and asymptomatic. The drug has no unexpected toxic effects in this population. Bristol-Myers Squibb.

Open Versus Closed Abdomen Treatment on Liver Function in Rats With Sepsis and Abdominal Compartment Syndrome

Despite recent advances in understanding the mechanisms of sepsis and abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) and of improvements in their management, the mortality rates from these conditions remain high. Few studies have compared liver injuries in patients undergoing open and closed abdomen treatment. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of open versus conservative abdominal closure approaches upon liver function using a controlled and randomized model of intra-abdominal hypertension and sepsis in a rat model. Healthy Sprague-Dawley rats underwent cecal ligation and puncture to induce sepsis, followed by intraperitoneal injection of air to induce intra-abdominal hypertension. Twenty-four hours later, the rats were randomly divided into two groups, one (n = 36) undergoing abdominal closure and the other (n = 36) undergoing open abdomen. Rats were killed after 1 hour, 6 hours, 1 day, 3 days, 5 days, and 7 days. Liver injury was evaluated by Hepatic Injury Severity Scoring. The levels of expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, signaling transducer and activator of transcription 3 mRNA, and suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 mRNA were assayed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and signaling transducer and activator of transcription 3 mRNA were higher, and those of TLR4 and suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 mRNA were lower, in the open than in the closed group (p < 0.05 each). Serum concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were also lower in the open group (p < 0.05 each). Open abdominal management may improve liver regeneration soon after surgery, as well as reducing inflammatory responses, by reducing TLR4 expression.

Creatine and maltodextrine dietetic supplementation in eventing horses at training

This study was carried out to evaluate the creatine and maltodextrine dietetic supplementation of eventing horses. The experimental period consisted of 56 days, with 20 horses, which were randomly divided into four groups with different diets. Diets were: diet without supplement (Control); diet supplemented with creatine, 44.4 mg/kg body weight/day (20 g creatine/horse/day); diet supplemented with creatine, 88.8 mg/kg body weight/day (40 g creatine/horse/day); diet supplemented with maltodextrine, 222.2 mg/kg body weight/day (100 g/horse/day), during three days before each test. Every horse was submitted to three tests. Blood samples and heart rate were collected at rest, immediately after the tests and 10 and 20 minutes after the test. Supplementation with creatine (44.4 mg/kg body weight/day) and maltodextrine reduced plasma concentration of lactate in horses during tests. Supplementation of creatine and maltodextrine did not alter serum concentration of aspartate aminotransferase, γ-glutamyltransferase, urea or creatinine, but training affected blood biochemical variables in eventing horses.

Training and haematochemical profile in Thoroughbreds and Standardbreds: A longitudinal study

The aim of this study was to evaluate the modifications of some haematochemical parameters during 80days training in 17 Thoroughbreds and 15 Standardbreds in order to assess the relationships between studied parameters and athletic performance. On all subjects blood samples were collected every 20days for a period of 80days by jugular venipuncture. Serum concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK), gamma glutamil transferase (γGT), urea, creatinine (CREA) and total proteins (TP) were analyzed with commercially available kits by means of a UV spectrophotometer. One-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a significant effect of time (P<0.0001) on V2 and V4 (velocity speed reached at blood lactate concentration of, respectively, 2 and 4mmol/L) and V200 (velocity speed reached at heart rate of 200 beats/min). One-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a significant effect of days of training (P<0.001) on AST, CK, urea, CREA and TP in Thoroughbreds and Standardbreds. Based on these results, it is concluded that physiological changes in several blood clinical chemistry parameters occur in response to exercise training in Thoroughbreds and Standardbreds. Since there is an evident relationship between haematochemical changes and performance, these findings can be useful to assess the status of an athlete and the degree of its training adaptability, and eventually to modify the training schedule to achieve the desired performance.

Sitagliptin protects renal ischemia reperfusion induced renal damage in diabetes

This study was designed to investigate the possible effect of sitagliptin on renal damage induced by renal ischemia reperfusion (I/R) in diabetic rats. T2DM in rats was induced by the administration of nicotinamide (230 mg/kg, i.p.), 15 min prior to a single dose of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg, i.v.). In vivo renal I/R was performed in both T2DM and normal rats. Each protocol comprised ischemia for 30 min followed by reperfusion for 24 h and a treatment period of 14 days before induction of ischemia. Sitagliptin treated diabetic rats that underwent renal I/R demonstrated significant decrease in the serum concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase ( p < 0.01), urea nitrogen ( p < 0.01) and creatinine ( p < 0.001) compared to renal I/R in diabetic rats. Lipid peroxidation, xanthine oxidase activity, myeloperoxidase activity and nitric oxide level in renal tissue were significantly ( p < 0.05, p < 0.001, p < 0.01, p < 0.05 respectively) decreased after renal I/R in sitagliptin treated rats compared to diabetic rats. Antioxidant enzymes like glutathione ( p < 0.05), glutathione peroxidase ( p < 0.001), superoxide dismutase ( p < 0.05) and catalase ( p < 0.001) were significantly increased after renal I/R in sitagliptin treated diabetic rats compared to non treated diabetic rats. The typical DNA laddering was observed when renal I/R performed in diabetic rats, which indicates cell apoptosis. Sitagliptin treated rats demonstrated a decrease in DNA fragmentation and apoptosis. Furthermore, renal histopathology preserved in sitagliptin treated rats verified protection against renal I/R in diabetes. The results of present investigation established sitagliptin treatment attenuated renal damage induced by renal I/R in diabetic rats.

Failure of liver function tests in predicting drug clearance of chemotherapeutic agents in a patient who had recovered from hepatic congestion

Failure of liver function tests in predicting drug clearance of chemotherapeutic agents in a patient who had recovered from hepatic congestion

Hemograma e perfil bioquímico sérico, inclusive hemogasométrico, de bezerros infectados experimentalmente com Salmonella Dublin

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o hemograma e o perfil bioquímico sérico, inclusive hemogasométrico, de bezerros infectados experimentalmente com Salmonella Dublin. Foram utilizados 12 bezerros sadios da raça Holandesa com 10 a 15 dias de idade, distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos experimentais: grupo-controle (n= 6) e grupo infectado com 10(8)UFC de Salmonella Dublin (n=6). Os bezerros foram submetidos ao exame físico diário, e as amostras de sangue foram coletadas minutos antes da inoculação (0h) e 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144 e 168h após a inoculação. Além do hemograma e das análises hemogasométricas, foram mensuradas as atividades séricas das enzimas aspartato aminotransferase (AST), fosfatase alcalina (ALP), creatina cinase (CK), gamaglutamiltransferase (GGT) e lactato desidrogenase (LDH), e os teores de albumina, bilirrubinas, cálcio total, cálcio ionizado, sódio, potássio, cloretos, creatinina, ferro, fibrinogênio, fósforo, glicose, magnésio, proteína totais e ureia. As principais alterações foram: redução das concentrações de albumina, ferro, glicose, magnésio e proteína total, aumento do teor de fibrinogênio, leucocitose e acidose metabólica e hiponatremia.

Pro-inflammatory Profiles of Indonesian Adult Men with Central Obesity: A Preliminary Study on TNF-alpha, sTNFR-2 and IL-1beta

BACKGROUND: Central obesity is closely associated with chronic inflammation, characterized by abnormal cytokine production such as IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and tumor necrosis factor receptor-2 (TNFR-2). Central obesity and chronic inflammation form a complex link with insulin resistance, leading to the development of type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Knowing the coinciding occurrence of chronic inflammation and central obesity, this study aimed to examine pro-inflammatory cytokine profiles of Indonesian adult men with central obesity.METHODS: This cross-sectional study recruited 80 apparently healthy Indonesian adult men, aged 23-53 years with waist circumference of 64-125 cm. This study was done in Jakarta. Measurements included clinical parameters like systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), fasting blood glucose (FBG), aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT), creatinine, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), anthropometric parameters, namely weight, height and waist circumference; and pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, soluble TNFR-2 (sTNFR-2) and IL-1β.RESULTS: Basic characteristics of the subjects showed linear increase in values of SBP, DBP and the serum concentrations of AST, ALT, FBG, GFR, hsCRP (p&lt;0.005, respectively) with the degree of obesity. sTNFR-2 and IL-1 β positively correlated with hsCRP (r=0.277, p=0.013 and r= 0.257, p=0.022, respectively), WC (r=0.380, p=0.001 and r=0.400, p&lt;0.001, respectively) and body mass index (BMI) (r=0.364, p=0.001 and r=0.399, p&lt;0.001, respectively). Moreover, TNF-α did not show correlations with hsCRP, WC and BMI.CONCLUSION: There was a linear increase in the serum concentrations of sTNFR-2 and IL-1β in subjects with central obesity. Both pro-inflammatory markers, correlated with hsCRP, WC and BMI, but TNF-α did not. sTNFR-2 and IL-1β were, therefore, considered as valid biomarkers to indicate chronic inflammation in Indonesian adult men with central obesity.KEYWORDS: central obesity, TNF-α, soluble TNFR-2 (sTNFR-2), IL-1β

Variation in Hsp90, HSF-1, and hsp90 mRNA expression in tissues of pigs exposed to different durations of transport

The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of transport on the expression of hsp90 mRNA, and on the proteins HSF-1 and Hsp90, in pig tissues. The pigs were divided into four groups and transported for 0 (control), 1, 2 or 4 h, respectively. The concentrations of serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase distinctly increased after transportation. The levels of Hsp90 protein and mRNA were coincident in the tissues of transported pigs. After 2 h of transport, Hsp90 levels decreased in the stomach, and greatly decreased in the heart and liver. HSF-1 levels continuously decreased in the heart, while they remained unchanged in the liver and stomach, during transport of the pigs. These results indicate that expression of Hsp90 and HSF-1 are sensitive to transport in a time- and tissue-dependent manner, suggesting that these proteins may play different roles in these tissues during transportation.

Change in Growth Performance and Liver Function Enzymes of Broiler Chickens Challenged with Infectious Bursal Disease Virus to Dietary Supplementation of Methionine and Threonine

Problem statement: The aim of this study was to verify the effects of methionine and threonine supplementations higher than the NRC recommendation on growth performance, liver function enzymes, blood parameters and immune tissues of broiler chickens challenged with infectious bursal disease. Approach: A total of 450 day-old male broiler chicks were as signed to nine groups. Chickens were fed by three graded levels of DL-methionine (NRC (M1), 2 times NRC (M2) and 3 times NRC (M3)) and three graded levels of L-threonine (NRC (T1), 2 times NRC (T2) and 3 times NRC (T3)) from day 1-42 of age. On day 28, all bird s were challenged with a commercial live-IBDV vaccine. Results: Body Weight Gain (BWG) and Feed Intake (FI) and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) were significantly influenced by the dietary treatm ents in starter phase and either methionine or threonine at the highest levels significantly decre ased BWG, FI and FCR in broiler chickens. A similar trend by methionine and threonine at the highest le vels was noted on BWG and FI in grower phase. The highest level of threonine significantly increa sed spleen weight on day 28 (pre-challenge) and 14 days post challenge. At 14 days after challenge, di etary supplementation of methionine at NRC recommended level (M1) significantly increased the serum concentrations of Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH). In the T3 group, the serum concentrations of AST and LDH were significantly decreased, whereas the serum uric acid concentration was significantly increased . Conclusion/Recommendations: In conclusion, our data suggest that the methionin e and threonine requirement of male broiler chicks is higher for growth performance than was suggested by the last NRC committee and liver function enzymes results showed that methionine and threonine supplementation three times higher than NRC requirements in broiler chickens has not toxic pote ntial.