Serum Antioxidant Levels Research Articles

Prophylactic and curative activity of Withania somnifera on experimentally induced calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis

Withania somnifera an ayurvedic herb was utilized to assess the antilithic properties of calcium oxalate (CaOx) Nephrolithiasis in rats fed ethylene glycol (EG) in an experimental setting. There were 5 groups of animals (n = 6). The control group was given normal saline, Lithiatic control was given ethylene glycol 1% (v/v) with ammonium chloride 1% (w/v) for 4 days (received stone inducing treatment till 28th day ), follow by 1% ethylene glycol alone in water, Standard group received antiurolithiatic drug (Cystone) (500 mg/Kg) from 15th day till 28th day, treatment group received Withania somnifera methanolic extract (200 mg/Kg) from 15th day till 28th day (Curative regimen) and received Withania somnifera methanolic extract (WS-200 mg/Kg) from 1st day till 28th day (prophylactic regimen) in wistar rats. Blood and kidney tissue were collected after the 28th day of urine. Ca2-, Mg2+, K+ and PO4- levels were estimated in urine, creatinine and urea level were estimated in serum whereas all oxidative stress was measured in kidney tissue. Additionally, Urinary microscopy and kidney histopathology were estimated. Lithiatic control group showed significant elevation (P<0.0001 vs. control) in serum creatinine, blood urea and antioxidants levels. Due to crystal deposits, the histopathology of Lithiatic group showed tubule dilatation with interstitial inflammatory infiltrate, whereas the therapy group showed less tubule dilatation with interstitial inflammatory infiltrate. It can be concluded that at 200 mg/kg the herbal drug possessed significant potential in the management of nephrolithiasis.

Hepatoprotective and Antioxidant Activity of Stem and Leaves Parts of Cissus woodrowii (Stapf ex Cooke) Santapau

The contemporary investigation aimed to assess the hepatoprotective potential of Cissus woodrowii (Stapf ex Cooke) Santapau against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity. Through evaluating antioxidant levels in liver tissues and blood marker enzymes, it was observed that administration of the plant extract at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg significantly mitigated liver damage caused by carbon tetrachloride. The study found that carbon tetrachloride-induced reductions in total protein, catalase, glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels, while increasing levels of alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, total bilirubin, lipid peroxidation, and aspartate aminotransferase. However, rats treated with varying doses of the plant extract exhibited restoration towards normal levels of serum marker enzymes and antioxidants, contrasting with those solely exposed to carbon tetrachloride. These findings collectively suggest that C. woodrowii (Stapf ex Cooke) Santapau possesses antioxidant properties and exerts a hepato-protective effect against CCl4-induced liver impairment in rats.

Effects of dietary melatonin supplementation on growth performance and intestinal health of rice field eel (Monopterus albus)

The objective was to assess the impact of melatonin supplementation on the growth performance and intestinal health of rice field eel, Monopterus albus. Three hundred and sixty fish (28.46 ± 0.24 g) were fed five diets supplemented with melatonin of 0, 30, 60, 120, and 240 mg/kg for 70 days. The study found that the variables FBW, WGR, SGR, and FCR exhibited a statistically significant quadratic relationship (P < 0.05) with the dietary melatonin concentrations, and the highest FBW, WGR and SGR as well as lowest FCR were observed in the 120 mg/kg melatonin group, digestive enzymes activities (such as amylase, trypsin, and lipase) also had significant quadratic relationship (P < 0.05), and the highest intestinal villus height and goblet cells were found in the 120 mg/kg diet (P < 0.01), melatonin in diets significantly increased SOD and CAT activities in serum, up-regulated the expression of anti-inflammatory factors (IL-10) and tight junction protein (ZO-1), and down-regulated the expression of pro-inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-8, IL-15, and TNF-α) in the gut, dietary melatonin improved the intestinal microflora compositions, in the group that supplementation a dosage of 120 mg/kg, there was a noticeable rise in the abundance of Firmicutes and the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidota, compared with control group (P < 0.1). Conclusively, dietary supplementation of melatonin promoted growth performance, enhanced intestinal immune capacity and serum antioxidant level, and improved intestinal morphology properties and intestinal flora composition in M. albus. In conclusion, based on quadratic broken-line regression analysis of WGR and FCR, the optimal concentration of melatonin to be supplied is predicted to be 146–148 mg/kg.

Dietary intake, antioxidants, minerals and vitamins in relation to childhood asthma: a Mendelian randomization study

BackgroundCurrently, there is limited and inconsistent evidence regarding the risk association between daily dietary intake, antioxidants, minerals, and vitamins with Childhood Asthma (CA). Therefore, this study employs Mendelian Randomization (MR) methodology to systematically investigate the causal relationships between daily dietary intake, serum antioxidants, serum minerals, and the circulating levels of serum vitamins with CA.MethodsThis study selected factors related to daily dietary intake, including carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and sugars, as well as serum antioxidant levels (lycopene, uric acid, and β-carotene), minerals (calcium, copper, selenium, zinc, iron, phosphorus, and magnesium), and vitamins (vitamin A, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin D, and vitamin E), using them as Instrumental Variables (IVs). Genetic data related to CA were obtained from the FinnGen and GWAS Catalog databases, with the primary analytical methods being Inverse Variance Weighting (IVW) and sensitivity analysis.ResultsFollowing MR analysis, it is observed that sugar intake (OR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.55–0.91, P: 0.01) is inversely correlated with the risk of CA, while the intake of serum circulating magnesium levels (OR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.06–2.53, P: 0.03), fats (OR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.06–1.95, P: 0.02), and serum vitamin D levels (OR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.04–1.25, P: 0.02) are positively associated with an increased risk of CA.ConclusionThis study identified a causal relationship between the daily dietary intake of sugars and fats, as well as the magnesium and vitamin D levels in serum, and the occurrence of CA. However, further in-depth research is warranted to elucidate the specific mechanisms underlying these associations.

Boldine protects against carbon tetrachloride-induced chronic liver injury by regulating NF-κB signaling pathway.

Sustained liver injuries predominantly promote oxidative stress and inflammation that lead to the progression of chronic liver disease (CLD), including fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Boldine, an alkaloid isolated from Peumus boldus, has been shown to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Currently, there is no definitive treatment option available for CLD. Therefore, we investigated the hepatoprotective effect of boldine against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 )-induced chronic liver injury in rats. CCl4 (2 mL/kg., b.w., i.p.) was administered twice weekly for 5 weeks to induce chronic liver injury in rats. Separate groups of rats were given boldine (20 mg/kg b.w., and 40 mg/kg b.w.) and silymarin (100 mg/kg b.w.) orally, daily. Serum transaminases, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant levels were measured, and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), cyclooxygenase-2 (cox-2), interleukin-1 β (IL-1β), and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) gene and protein expressions were evaluated. CCl4 administration increased liver marker enzymes of hepatotoxicity in serum and oxidative stress markers, inflammatory genes and α-smooth muscle actin expression in liver tissue. Boldine concurrent treatment suppressed CCl4 -induced elevation of transaminase levels in serum, restored enzymic and non-enzymic antioxidants, and downregulated NF-κB, TNF-α, Cox-2 and IL-1β expressions, thereby suppressing hepatic inflammation. Boldine administration also repressed α-SMA expression. The results of this study demonstrate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic properties of boldine, and it can be a potential therapeutic candidate in the treatment of CLD.

Effect of in-ovo inoculation of betaine on hatchability, serum antioxidant levels, muscle gene expression and intestinal development of broiler chicks.

This study investigated the effects of in-ovo inoculation of betaine on hatchability, hatching weight, and intestinal development, as well as serum and expression levels of some antioxidants in the posthatched chicks. A total of 350 fertile eggs of Hubbard efficiency plus breeder's flock were incubated at normal incubation temperature (37.5°C) and randomly assembled into 3 groups with 4 replicates, and 25 eggs per each. The experimental groups were allocated as noninjected control group (CN), diluent-injected group (CP, 0.1 mL saline), and betaine-injected group (B, 2.5 mg in 0.1 mL saline). The injections were performed in the air cells of the eggs on the 12th day of the embryonic phase. Hatchability percentage, hatching weight, serum-reduced glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were estimated in 7-day-old chicks. Moreover, expression levels of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and SOD were determined in the breast skeletal muscles of chicks. Jejunum histo-morphometric analysis was assessed with computerised morphometric measurements. The results revealed that the hatchability percentage was not influenced by in-ovo injection of betaine or vehicle while betaine significantly increased the hatchling's weight of chicks. Moreover, there were a significant increase in SOD and Nrf2 mRNA expression levels. In-ovo injection of betaine significantly induced positive effects on intestinal morphometry by ameliorating the jejunal villus length, the ratio of villus height to villus width, and absorptive surface area.

Zinc intake ameliorates intestinal morphology and oxidative stress of broiler chickens under heat stress.

Zinc (Zn), an essential trace element for poultry, plays a crucial role in promoting growth, improving feed conversion efficiency, enhancing antioxidant activity, and preventing disease. This study investigated the impact of different levels and sources of dietary Zn supplementation on the growth performance, intestinal morphology and antioxidant activity of broiler chickens under heat stress conditions. In this experiment, 1024 Xueshan chickens were divided into eight groups and subjected to heat stress conditions with different levels of Zn supplementation (30 mg/kg, 60 mg/kg, and 90 mg/kg) using organic or inorganic sources. Our findings indicated that dietary Zn supplementation significantly increased the feed-to-weight ratio of broilers during the experimental period under heat stress. Moreover, Zn supplementation positively increased the villus height and villus width in the jejunum and ileum at 74 and 88 days old, with the 60 and 90 mg/kg groups outperforming other groups, and organic Zn was more effective than inorganic Zn. Furthermore, Zn supplementation significantly increased serum antioxidant levels, with higher superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) activities, and organic Zn was more effective than inorganic Zn. This study concludes that Zn supplementation is beneficial in mitigating the detrimental impacts of heat stress on broilers. The findings suggest that employing Zn as a strategy can enhance productivity in the poultry industry by positively influencing intestinal morphology and bolstering antioxidant activity to counteract potential stress.

The impact of oral sea-buckthorn oil on skin, blood markers, ocular, and vaginal health: A randomized control trial

Sea buckthorn have been used for centuries as food and traditional medicine in Asia and Europe. This study evaluated the effects of a nutraceutical consisting of sea buckthorn oil as a functional supplement (Omegia™ sea buckthorn oil). Subjects were randomly divided into two groups and were given capsules containing or without sea buckthorn oil. Skin elasticity, color, collagen, pore, and redness were measured using skin assessment instruments. Blood samples were taken to assess serum antioxidant levels by using ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) kit. Additionally, a questionnaire survey was conducted to gather information on subjects' experiences in eye discomfort and vaginal dryness issues. After 12 weeks, skin parameters showed improvement, and participants reported relief from dry eyes and vulvar issues. This study highlights the potential of Omegia™ supplements demonstrating the ability to delay skin aging, increase high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and antioxidant enzyme activity when used continuously for a period of 12 weeks.

Bioactives and metabolites of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum root extract alleviate DSS-induced ulcerative colitis by targeting the SYK protein in the B cell receptor signaling pathway

Tetrastigma hemsleyanum is an endemic Chinese herb with a wide range of pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antioxidant, antitumor, and immunomodulatory activities. However, the effect and mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory activity of T. hemsleyanum root extract against dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) have not yet been fully investigated. This study aimed to explore the therapeutic effect and molecular mechanisms of T. hemsleyanum root extract in DSS-induced UC mice and knockdown cells. T. hemsleyanum root extract was obtained and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The therapeutic effects of T. hemsleyanum root extract on DSS-induced UC mice were evaluated by the disease activity index (DAI) score, colon length, serum inflammatory cytokines and oxidant/antioxidant levels, and histopathological features of the ileum and colon. Genome-wide gene expression profiles of ileal and colonic tissues were collected by transcriptomics, and signaling pathways were analyzed by the KEGG database. UC-related pathways were uploaded to the STRING database, then the protein-protein interactions (PPIs) were determined by Cytoscape, and the enriched genes were evaluated by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). The protein-ligand complexes were docked by AutoDock, and the genes were knocked down in Caco-2cells by shRNA. The non-targeted metabolomic profiling of ileal contents was analyzed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC), and gut microflora were sequenced by an Illumina MiSeq System. Ten components that alleviated UC symptoms in mice by decreasing the DAI and serum inflammatory cytokines and oxidant levels, promoting intestinal development, and increasing serum antioxidant levels were identified in T. hemsleyanum root extract. T. hemsleyanum root extract activated the B cell receptor signaling pathway in the colon tissue of UC mice, in which two components, rutin and astragaline, bound to the spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) protein but also restored gut microflora diversity and increased the proportion of probiotics. Furthermore, metabolites of T. hemsleyanum root extract were involved in vitamin metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and ferroptosis. The rutin and astragaline components of T. hemsleyanum root extract, by binding to SYK protein, activated the B cell receptor signaling pathway and restored gut microflora diversity to alleviate UC symptoms in mice.

Shuangshi Tonglin Capsule treats benign prostatic hyperplasia through the ROS/NLRP3 signaling pathway

ObjectiveTo explore the effects of the SSTL on BPH and clarify the therapeutic mechanisms.MethodsAnimal model of BPH was established by castration and subcutaneous injection of TP into SD rats; rats were orally administered SSTL for 28 days while modeling. Detection of PI, LI and RI in rats, to observe histopathological changes and collagen deposition in the prostate tissue. Detects levels of sex hormones and inflammatory factors in serum and tissues of rats, the test kit detects levels of lipid peroxides and antioxidants in serum and tissues. Fluorescent staining analysis of tissue ROS; the expression of NLRP3 inflammatory vesicles was observed by immunohistochemistry; Western blotting detected the expression of NOX4, NOX2, NLRP3 inflammatory vesicles, ASC, Cleaved Caspase-1, Caspase-1, IL-1β.ResultsAfter SSTL capsule treatment, the PI and RI of the rats decrease. HE and Masson staining showed that SSTL ameliorated the pathological damage and reduced collagen deposition in the prostate tissue of BPH rats; ELISA results showed that SSTL was able to reduce T, DHT, TNF-α, IL-1β levels in BPH rats. The test kit showed that SSTL made the levels of MDA, CAT and GSH-Px in the serum and prostate tissue of rats and increased the activity of SOD. The results of ROS fluorescence showed that the ROS level was reduced in SSTL group; Western blotting showed that SSTL could cause down-regulation of NOX4, NOX2, NLRP3, ASC, Cleaved Caspase-1, IL-1β protein expression.ConclusionSSTL can reduce the PI and RI in BPH rats, it can also inhibit the level of sex hormones and inflammatory factors in BPH rats, which thereby reducing the histopathological damage of prostate gland in BPH rats, and can treat BPH in rats through ROS/NLRP3 pathway.

Dietary supplement of fermented grass forage regulates growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and immune response of broiler chickens

The current study aimed to determine the effects of different levels of fermented Juncao grass (FG) on growth parameters, blood constituents, immunity, and antioxidative properties of broilers. A total of 240 (21-d-old) broiler chicks were randomly distributed to four dietary treatments of sixty birds, with six replicate pens and ten birds in each. Fermented grass was added to the basal diet at four levels with 0, 5, 10, and 15% FG. The results revealed that broilers fed 5% FG had significantly higher (P < 0.05) final body weight (FBW), average daily gain (WG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI). The best conversion ratio (FCR) was recorded for broilers supplemented with 5% FG compared to the group supplemented with 15% FG (P < 0.05). Increasing FG % decreased (P < 0.05) anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10. However, FG increased (P < 0.05) proinflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, IL-1, IL-2, IL-12, and TNF-α (P < 0.05). Moreover, IgA, IgG, and IgM levels increased (P < 0.05) with increasing FG %. In addition, increasing FG % in broiler rations significantly increased (P < 0.05) serum antioxidant levels of T-AOC, GSH-PX, SOD, CAT, NO and GSH, but decreased (P < 0.05) MDA levels compared to the control group. Conclusively, fermented Juncao grass would be considered a novel herbal feed additive for improving broiler performance, immunity, antioxidant, and health status. Nevertheless, further research at the molecular level is needed to quantify the effects of these herbal components on cellular and humoral immune functions in broiler chickens.

Adipo-myokine Irisin, a Promising Antioxidant against Nicotine Induced Oxidative Stress in BALB/c mice.

To determine the role of r-irisin in attenuating nicotine-induced oxidative stress by estimating serum oxidative stress markers and antioxidant enzymes in BALB/c mice. This 18 month experimental study was carried out at Foundation University Islamabad and National Institute of Health starting in 2020. Thirty healthy BALB/c mice were divided into three groups. Group-I (control group) received normal saline 1ml/kg body weight intra-peritoneally daily for 28 days. Experimental group, Group-II received nicotine 2mg/kg body weight intra-peritoneally, for 28 days to induce oxidative stress. Experimental Group-III was given r-irisin 0.5 μg/g body weight/day via tail vein injection, for the last 14 days in addition to intraperitoneal nicotine for 28 days. On 29th day, intra-cardiac blood samples were taken for estimation of serum antioxidant enzymes [Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Reduced Glutathione (GSH) and Catalases (CAT)], and Thiobarbituric Acid-Reactive Substances (TBARS) levels as lipid peroxidation marker using ELISA. SPSS version 24 was used for statistical analysis. Significant difference in parameters across groups was calculated using one way ANOVA. P-value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Group-II showed statistically significant increase in serum lipid peroxidation marker (TBARS) levels (p<0.001) and reduction in serum anti-oxidative enzymes (SOD, CAT, GSH) levels (p< 0.001) as compared to Group-I. In Group-III, with co administration of r-irisin, significant improvement in antioxidant enzymes levels and reduction in TBARS levels was observed (p< 0.001) as compared to Group-II. Irisin ameliorates nicotine induced oxidative stress by improving serum anti-oxidant enzyme levels and reducing serum lipid peroxidation marker.

Effect Of Aerobic, Anaerobic and Resistance Exercises on Oxidative Stress Status in Healthy Sport Practitioners

The main aim of this study is to assess the effect of three different types of exercises on lipid peroxidation in sports practitioners. The experimental approach was used to conduct the study. Sixty-six healthy male sport practitioners were participated in this study and divided into three experimental groups, each group consist of 22 subjects, the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd groups performed aerobic (AE), anaerobic exercises (AnE), and resistance exercises (RE). Before entering their experimental program, the three groups conducted the beep test for determining the VO2max for each participant, and then the blood and urine samples were taken from each participant. Thereafter, the three groups entered their specific training program for eight weeks 3 times/week. After ending the training programs, the three groups conducted the beep test again. All statistical data analyses were performed using SPSS version 25. For checking the differences between the pre- and post-test for all groups one-way ANOVA with Post Hok-Tukey was conducted. Comparisons between pre-test and post-test within one type of exercise were performed by the paired sample t-test. The effect of the three types of exercise programs for 8 weeks on lipid peroxidation biomarker (urinary MDA level) was varied. Interestingly, the 3 types of sport exercises were found to have a great effect on increasing serum antioxidants levels and decrease the levels of urinary MDA. Following the aerobic exercise, which was found to be significantly the more effective in decreasing the level of urinary MDA than anaerobic and resistance exercises. However, the resistance and aerobic exercises have a greater effect to generate the antioxidants defense than anaerobic exercise.

Shuangshi Tonglin capsule improves chronic prostatitis through the SIRT-1/AMPK and MAPK signalling pathways

ObjectivesTo explore the effects of the Shuangshi Tonglin (SSTL) capsule on CP/CPPS and reveal the therapeutic mechanisms. MethodsA CP/CPPS rat-model group received an intraprostatic injection of CFA. SSTL capsule were administered daily by oral gavage at doses of 1.25, 2.5, and 5.0 g/kg for 28 days. Pain threshold tests were performed, and prostate and blood samples were collected. We performed histological analysis of the prostate tissue and immunohistochemical analysis of TNF-α and COX-2. Measure the TNF-α levels, detect antioxidant levels in serum and prostate tissue, and evaluate the expression of proteins with the AMPK/SIRT-1 and MAPK signalling pathways. ResultsAfter SSTL capsule treatment, all animals exhibited an increased mechanical pain threshold in the lower abdomen, decreased inflammation in the stroma, and reduced histological structural damage. Inflammation was reduced through the observed decrease in the levels of various inflammatory factors, as well as in the increase of the levels of MDA, p-AMPK, and SIRT-1. The suppression of IKKβ, p-P38, p-ERK and p-JNK was also observed. ConclusionsSSTL capsule treatment decreased inflammation in the stroma and reduced histological structural damage. It improved CP/CPPS symptoms by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation. Our study indicates that the SSTL capsule is an effective treatment for prostatitis.

Economic Importance of Garcinia Kola: Evidences of Shielding Outcome Against Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Kidney Toxicity in Experimental Models

Introduction: The aim of the study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of aqueous extract of Garcinia kola) seeds on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced liver damage in adult Wistar rats. Thirty adult Wistar rats weighing between 65-145g were randomly divided into six groups of 5 rats each. Group A (control) rats were orally administered with 5ml/kg body weight of distilled water daily for 2 weeks, group B rats were administered distilled water orally daily for 2 weeks (volume per body weight) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) 0.4 m1/kg intraperitonially as a single application on day 14 of the experiment. Group C rats were administered 100 mg of silymarin / kg body weight once daily for 2 weeks followed by a single dose of CCl4 (0.4 m1) on day 14 of the experiment. Group D rats were administered 400 mg aqueous extract bitter kola (Garcinia kola) / kg body weight orally once daily for 2 weeks. Group E and F rats were administered 400 mg and 200 mg aqueous extract bitter kola (Garcinia kola) seed) orally once daily for 2 weeks followed by a single dose of CCl4 (0.4 m1) on day 14 respectively. At the end of the experiment. Garcinia kola seed aqueous extract caused significant decrease in the aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels in the serum of the extract treated groups. Histopathological examinations revealed distortion of histoarchitecture such as, sinusoidal congestion, necrosis, steatosis and fibrosis was observed in group B. The administration of aqueous extract of Garcinia kola seed remarkably inhibited histoarchitectural distortion induced by CCl4 administration. Effects of the extract at dose of 200mg/kg was comparable to the reference drug. Garcinia kola aqueous seed extract showed a remarkable hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity against CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity as observed from the serum marker enzymes and antioxidant levels in liver tissues. CCl4 induced a significant rise in AST, ALT, and ALP with an increase of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and reduction lipid peroxidation (MDA). Treatment of the rats with the extract significantly (p&lt;0.05) altered serum marker enzymes and antioxidant levels to near normal compared with CCl4- treated rats (group B). The activity of the extract at dose of 400mg/kg (group F) was comparable to the standard drug confirmed by histopathological examinations of liver sections. Conclusion: Garcinia kola aqueous extract has hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats.

The effect of oxidative stress on the etiopathogenesis of primary dysmenorrhea

Aim:The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of oxidative stress on the etiopathogenesis of primary dysmenorrhea by comparing serum oxidative stress markers and antioxidant enzyme levels&#x0D; Methods:A total of 38 women with primary dysmenorrhea and 21 women without dysmenorrhea who applied to our hospital's gynecology clinic were included in the study. Two blood samples were taken from each of the women included in the study, on the 3rd day and the 21st day of their menstrual cycle. The serum levels of Paraoxonase (PON), Arylesterase (ARES), and Stimulated Paraoxonase (SPON) were examined. PON, ARES, and SPON levels were compared between the patient and control groups, as well as within each group, on the 3rd and 21st days of menstrual cycles. &#x0D; Results: In our study, a significant difference was found in the mean age between the patient and control groups. No significant differences were observed in terms of age at menarche, regularity, and duration. No significant differences were found in the ARES, PON, and SPON levels examined on the 3rd and 21st days of the menstrual cycle between the patient and control groups. &#x0D; Conclusion:According to the results of our study, there was no significant difference in the levels of these markers between the patient and control groups on their respective menstrual cycle days. Based on this, we believe that oxidative and antioxidant markers are not directly involved in the etiopathogenesis of dysmenorrhea or they exhibit cycle-independent effects.

A new application of nano-selenium: rescue of CK2 and mitochondria from oxidative stress to prevent cardiac hypertrophy.

Background: Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequent mitochondrial dysfunction are pivotal in initiating cardiac hypertrophy. To explore nano-selenium's (SeNP's) preventive potential against this condition, the authors evaluated chemically synthesized chitosan-SeNPs and biosynthesized Bacillus cereus YC-3-SeNPs in an angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced cardiac hypertrophy model. Methods: This investigation encompassed ROS measurement, mitochondrial membrane potential analysis, transmission electron microscopy, gene and protein expression analyses, protein carbonylation assays, serum antioxidant quantification and histological staining. Results: SeNPs effectively countered Ang II-induced cardiac hypertrophy by reducing ROS, restoring mitochondrial and protein kinase 2α(CK2-α) function, activating antioxidant pathways and enhancing serum antioxidant levels. Conclusion: This finding underscores SeNPs' role in attenuating Ang II-induced myocardial hypertrophy both in vitro and in vivo.

The differences frequency of weekly physical exercise in antioxidant serum levels and muscle damage

Problems and Purpose. A measurable physical exercise that follows the rules can improve physiological abilities. However, physical exercise that is not according to the rules, such as lack of recovery time caused by too frequent exercise, can increase the accumulation of free radicals in the body. In addition, the limited recovery time can also increase tissue damage to the muscles. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of differences in the frequency of physical exercise in one week on serum antioxidant levels and tissue damage. Materials and methods. This study was experimental with a post-test-only control group design, with the sample being male Wistar rats. There were 24 male Wistar rats divided into four groups. In the control group, the rats were not given physical exercise. In experimental group 1, rats were given physical exercise 2 times a week. In experimental group 2, rats were given physical exercise 4 times a week. In group 3, rats were given physical exercise every day. Physical training was carried out for four weeks. Then, biomarkers of serum antioxidant levels (SOD, CAT, GPx) and muscle tissue damage biomarkers (LDH, IL-6, and CPK) were checked. Results. Physical exercise 4 times a week and daily without sufficient recovery time can significantly reduce serum antioxidant levels and increase muscle tissue damage (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusion. Based on this study, physical exercise must be accompanied by sufficient recovery time to avoid decreased serum antioxidant levels and increased muscle tissue damage.

The role of nutritional-immunological indices in estimating serum LPS and antioxidant enzyme activity and sepsis status in female dogs with pyometra caused by E. coli

The aim of this study was to diagnose pyometra and related sepsis status using cost-effective nutritional-immunological indices, antioxidants, and toxin levels in dogs and to investigate the utility of the indices in predicting toxin and antioxidant status. A total of 29 dogs were enrolled into the present study. Among these, 9 female dogs in their diestrus stages, were allocated for elective ovariohysterectomy. The pyometra group was also separated into two subgroups as Sepsis (+) and Sepsis (-). Blood samples were collected into two tubes containing EDTA for hematological analysis; without anticoagulant for serum progesterone, LPS concentration, and antioxidant levels at the time of diagnosis. Bacteriological and tissue samples of the uterus were collected after the ovariohysterectomy. Antioxidant activity, progesterone, and toxin concentration were determined by using commercial ELISA kits. Statistical analyses were performed using Stata version 16.1 and MedCalc 16 statistical software. Receiver operating characteristics curves were used for the threshold for evaluating pyometra and sepsis status. Pairwise comparisons were carried out of the area under the curve (AUC) for thresholds of nutritional immunologic indices (hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, platelet (HALP) score; prognostic nutritional index (PNI); Albumin hemoglobin index (AHI)), serum LPS and antioxidant activity. Linear regression model was used for the estimation of serum LPS and antioxidant activity by using indices. Mean serum progesterone, LPS concentrations, and Nitric Oxide (NO) production were greater, while serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), tissue SOD, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities were lower in dogs with pyometra. All nutritional-immunologic indices were lower in pyometra cases. Nutritional-immunologic indices (AUC of HALP:0.759; PNI:0.981; AHI 0.994), NO (AUC: 0.787) and SOD (AUC: 0.784) levels were useful for pyometra diagnosis. AHI and LPS were useful for the determination of sepsis status with the AUC values of 0.850 and 0.740, respectively. While AHI was useful for the estimation of serum LPS and NO concentration (p < 0.001), PNI was useful for serum SOD concentration (p = 0.003). In conclusion, PNI, HALP and AHI can be used in the diagnosis of pyometra, however, only AHI and LPS levels can be used in the diagnosis of sepsis. SOD and NO can be used to determine pyometra but have no effect on determining sepsis status. Additionally, the estimation of the levels of serum LPS, NO, and SOD activities can be done using the AHI and PNI values.

Oxidative Stress and Decreased Serum Levels of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) as a Potent Risk Factor for Thyroid Disease among Local Pregnant Females in Punjab

Aim: To assess the potent role of oxidative stress biomarkers in pregnant females with thyroid disease. Study design: Cross sectional comparative study. Place and duration of study: Institute of Molecular Biology &amp; Biotechnology (IMBB), The University of Lahore from 1st July 2019 to 31st July 2021. Methods: The study was designed to compare serum levels of oxidative stress markers and serum antioxidant levels between pregnant females who had thyroid disease as comorbidity and euthyroid pregnant controls. The markers were measured in fifty cases and fifty control serum samples using various laboratory tests and ELISA kits. Samples were collected from PINUM, Faisalabad and Obstetrics &amp; Gynaecology Department, DHQ Chiniot, Faisalabad division. Results: Mean ages of cases and controls were 29.19±4.17 and. 26.07±4.88 years. The serum levels of SOD were significantly decreased (p≤0.001) in pregnant females having thyroid dysfunction (0.05± 0.01 nmol/ml) as compared to the control group (0.06±0.01nmol/ml). None of the other oxidative markers showed a significant difference between cases and controls (p&gt;0.05). Conclusion: The lower serum SOD levels may be a potential risk factor for the development of thyroid disease in local pregnant females. Keywords: Oxidative stress, Thyroid-stimulating hormone, Thyroid dysfunction, Superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde,