Prophylactic and curative activity of Withania somnifera on experimentally induced calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis

Abstract

Withania somnifera an ayurvedic herb was utilized to assess the antilithic properties of calcium oxalate (CaOx) Nephrolithiasis in rats fed ethylene glycol (EG) in an experimental setting. There were 5 groups of animals (n = 6). The control group was given normal saline, Lithiatic control was given ethylene glycol 1% (v/v) with ammonium chloride 1% (w/v) for 4 days (received stone inducing treatment till 28th day ), follow by 1% ethylene glycol alone in water, Standard group received antiurolithiatic drug (Cystone) (500 mg/Kg) from 15th day till 28th day, treatment group received Withania somnifera methanolic extract (200 mg/Kg) from 15th day till 28th day (Curative regimen) and received Withania somnifera methanolic extract (WS-200 mg/Kg) from 1st day till 28th day (prophylactic regimen) in wistar rats. Blood and kidney tissue were collected after the 28th day of urine. Ca2-, Mg2+, K+ and PO4- levels were estimated in urine, creatinine and urea level were estimated in serum whereas all oxidative stress was measured in kidney tissue. Additionally, Urinary microscopy and kidney histopathology were estimated. Lithiatic control group showed significant elevation (P<0.0001 vs. control) in serum creatinine, blood urea and antioxidants levels. Due to crystal deposits, the histopathology of Lithiatic group showed tubule dilatation with interstitial inflammatory infiltrate, whereas the therapy group showed less tubule dilatation with interstitial inflammatory infiltrate. It can be concluded that at 200 mg/kg the herbal drug possessed significant potential in the management of nephrolithiasis.