Serum Antioxidant Indices Research Articles

Assessment of Stocking Rate and Housing System on Performance, Carcass Traits, Blood Indices, and Meat Quality of French Pekin Ducks

Commercial practice in poultry production management has been susceptible to increased problems, driven by concerns about safety of food and animal welfare. Thus, the main proposal of the present study was to evaluate the influence of different stocking densities on performance, blood, and carcass traits of Pekin ducklings reared on two different floor types (wood shaving litter, WSL or plastic slatted floor, PLS). A total of 450 one-day-old ducklings were randomly allocated into six equal experimental groups stocking density (nine, 15 and 21 birds/m2 during the first 14 d and three, five and seven birds/m2 until 49 days) reared on two floor types (WSL and PLS), five replicate pens each. Increased stocking density reduced body weight (BW), weight gain (WG), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) values and increased feed intake (FI) in both floor types at 14 days old. At 49 days old, reared ducklings on PLS type verified higher BW and WG and reduced FCR values. Moreover, increasing stocking density in both floor types significantly reduced the breast, thigh, and left fillet percentages. Conversely, reared birds floored on PLS system decreased the triglycerides (TG) and increased the total cholesterol (TC) serum content. Furthermore, the meat contents of TG and TC were decreased in birds reared on higher stocking density but not affected by floor type. Further, serum antioxidant indices were reduced in PLS birds on low stocking densities. In conclusion, housing Pekin ducklings on PLS improved their growth performance, carcass traits, meat cholesterol, and antioxidant status, particularly at stocking density of three and five birds/m2.

Effects of Nano-Selenium on Antioxidant Capacity in Se-Deprived Tibetan Gazelle (Procapra picticaudata) in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

Tibetan gazelle (Procapra picticaudata) is an endangered ungulate in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. This study aimed to determine the influence of nano-Se on antioxidant system in Se-deprived P. picticaudata. We analyzed contents of mineral elements in soil, forage, and animal tissue. Blood parameters and antioxidant indexes were also determined. The results showed that Se concentrations in the soil and forage from affected pasture were significantly lower than those in healthy area (P < 0.01). Se concentrations in blood and hair from affected P. picticaudata were also significantly lower than those in healthy animals (P < 0.01). Meanwhile, the levels of Hb, RBC, and PCV in affected gazelle were significantly lower than those in healthy animal (P < 0.01). The activities of AST, ALT, LDH, CK, and UA content in affected animal were significantly lower than those in healthy gazelles (P < 0.01). The levels of SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, and T-AOC in serum were significantly lower and the MDA content was significantly higher in affected compared with healthy gazelle (P < 0.01). Affected P. picticaudata were treated orally with nano-Se, Se concentration in blood significantly increased and serum antioxidant indexes greatly returned to within the healthy range. Consequently, nano-Se could not only markedly increase the Se content in blood in Se-deprived P. picticaudata but also much improves the antioxidant capacity.

Responses of Przewalski's Gazelle (Procapra przewalskii) to Zinc Nutrition in Physical Habitat.

To study responses of Procapra przewalskii to zinc (Zn) nutrition in physical habitat, we analyzed the content of mineral elements in soil, forage, and animal tissues. Physiological and biochemical indexes were also determined. The results showed that Zn contents in the soil and forage from affected pasture were significantly lower (P < 0.01) than those in unaffected areas. Zn concentrations in the blood, liver, and hair from affected P. przewalskii were also significantly lower (P < 0.01) than those in healthy animals. The levels of hemoglobin, erythrocyte count, and packed cell volume from affected P. przewalskii were significantly lower (P < 0.01) than those in healthy animals. Serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine transaminase activities were significantly lower (P < 0.01) in affected P. przewalskii than in healthy animals, while serum lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase levels were significantly higher (P < 0.01) in affected compared with healthy animals. The activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase in serum were significantly lower and the malondialdehyde content was significantly higher (all P < 0.01) in affected compared with healthy animals. Affected P. przewalskii were treated orally with ZnSO4. The Zn content in the blood increased gradually and serum antioxidant indexes gradually returned to within the healthy range. Zn deprivation in forage thus not only influenced the blood mineral content but also severely disrupted blood parameters and antioxidant function in P. przewalskii.

Deceased serum bilirubin and albumin levels in the assessment of severity and mortality in patients with acute pancreatitis

Background: Our study investigated the diagnostic and prognostic role of serum antioxidant indexes in patients with acute pancreatitis (AP).Methods: This study included 708 AP patients from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-III (MIMIC-III) database and 477 patients from the eICU Collaborative Research Database (eICU-CRD). X-tile software was applied to determine the best cutoff values for serum antioxidant indexes. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were employed to select variables associated with severe AP (SAP) and in-hospital mortality. Finally, the nomograms were also externally validated in the eICU-CRD.Results: The best cutoff values for serum total bilirubin (TBIL) and albumin were 1.1 mg/dL and 2.1 g/dL in the training set, respectively. Multivariate logistical regression indicated that both TBIL (odds ratio [OR]=0.740, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.616-0.889, P=0.001) and albumin (OR=0.890, 95%CI: 0.819-0.967, P=0.006) were independent risk factors for SAP. Similarly, multivariate Cox analysis revealed that serum TBIL (hazard ratio [HR]=0.768, 95%CI:0.635-0.928, P=0.006) and albumin (HR=0.962, 95%CI:0.927-0.998, P=0.037) were independent risk factors for in-hospital mortality in AP patients. The diagnostic nomogram containing TBIL, albumin, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score and urea nitrogen and prognostic nomogram combining TBIL, albumin, white blood count, SOFA score, and age obtained good discrimination, calibration and clinical utility in both the MIMIC-III and eICU-CRD.Conclusion: Serum TBIL and albumin were independent predictors for SAP and in-hospital mortality in AP patients. The nomograms combining serum TBIL and albumin with other significant features exerted favorable predictive performance for SAP and in-hospital mortality.

Effect of Moringa oleifera supplementation on productive performance, colostrum composition and serum biochemical indexes of sow.

Moringa oleifera has been considered as a potential functional feed or food, since it contains multiple components beneficial to animal and human. However, little is known about the effects of Moringa oleifera supplementation on productive performances in sows. In the current study, the results showed that dietary Moringa oleifera significantly decreased the farrowing length and the number of stillborn (p<.05), while had an increasing trend in the number of live-born (0.05<p<.10). Furthermore, 8% Moringa oleifera supplementation significantly elevated protein levels in the colostrum (p<.05); 4% Moringa oleifera lowed serum urea nitrogen of sows after 90days of gestation (p<.05) and significantly decreased serum glucose on 10days of lactation (p<.05). Both groups showed significant elevation in serum T-AOC activity (p<.05). The serum malondialdehyde (MDA) of sows declined significantly in 4% Moringa oleifera addition group (p<.05). 8% Moringa oleifera meal significantly elevated serum CAT activity after 60days of gestation (p<.05), while decreased the serum MDA level and increased the serum GSH-Px activity of sows at 10days of lactation (p<.05). Of piglets, both two dosages of Moringa oleifera supplementation essentially reduced the serum urea nitrogen (p<.05), and 4% Moringa oleifera meal increased serum total protein (p<.05). In addition, piglets that received 8% Moringa oleifera had the highest serum CAT and SOD activities among all groups (p<.05). The present study indicated that Moringa oleifera supplementation could enhance the reproduction performances, elevate protein levels in the colostrum and improve the serum antioxidant indices in both sows and piglets.

PO-209 Effects of aerobic exercise on oxidant/anti-oxidant indexes and gut microbiota in young obese volunteers

&#x0D; Objective The mean body mass index (BMI) and the prevalence of obese and overweight individuals increasing substantially worldwide during the previous three decades. Variation in gut microorganisms might play an important role in the pathogenesis of obesity, but the mechanisms by which gut microbiota promote metabolic disturbances are not well understood. Exercise is associated with altered gut microbial composition, but few studies have investigated whether the gut microbiota and associated metabolites are modulated by exercise training in humans. We explored the impact of 8 weeks aerobic exercise on serum oxidant and anti-oxidant indexes and gut microbiota.&#x0D; Methods All 40 young male volunteers are enrolled in the study, the lean ones (n=11), which BMI≤22 are as control group. And the obese ones (n=29), which BMI &gt; 28 participated in the 8 weeks aerobic exercise. The body weight and BMI of each volunteers were recorded. The serum malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) were measured by ELISA. The composition and diversity of gut microbiota were analyzed with 16S rDNA sequencing.&#x0D; Results ① Compared with the control, the level of serum GPx, SOD and TAOC decreased significantly (P &lt; 0.001), and the MDA increased significantly (P &lt; 0.001) in the obese group. After the 8 weeks aerobic exercise intervention, the MDA level decreased significantly (P＜0.01), the TAOC level increased significantly (P &lt; 0.01), and there were no significant changes in the level of GPX and SOD.&#x0D; ② Compared with the control, the ratio of Bifidobacteriaceae, Alcaligenaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae, and Verrucomicrobiaceae decreased significantly(p＜0.05) in the obese group, and the ratio of Ruminococcaceae, Helicobacteraceae increased significantly (P＜0.05). After the 8 weeks aerobic exercise intervention, the ratio of Bifidobacteriaceae, Alcaligenaceae increased significantly (P＜0.05)，and the ratio of Ruminococcaceae reduced remarkably (p＜0.05). The ACE index was significantly increased after the intervention (P &lt; 0.05).&#x0D; ③ Through the correlation analysis of the data above, there was a certain correlation between the serum oxidant/anti-oxidant indexes and gut microbiota composition. After the aerobic exercise, there was a positive correlation between MDA and Ruminococcaceae、TAOC and Bifdobacteriace (P＜0.05)；a negative correlation between MDA and Bifdobacteriace、TAOC and Ruminococcaceae (P＜0.05). After 8 weeks of aerobic exercise, MDA level was negatively correlated with ACE index (r=-0.466，P＜0.05).&#x0D; Conclusions ① Compared with the control, there was a significant increase of serum oxidation index and the serum anti-oxidation index dropped significantly among the obese subjects, which indicated that the accumulation of serum free radicals might be one of the causes of obesity. The 8 weeks aerobic exercise intervention can enhance the antioxidant capacity effectively.&#x0D; ② Compared with the control, the proportion of Bifidobacteriaceae in the obese group was significantly decreased, and the proportion of the bacteria with direct correlation to obesity, such as Ruminococcaceae increased significantly. 8 weeks aerobic exercise could inverse these changes among the obese subjects, suggested that the improvement of body phenotype of obese subjects was closely related to the effective regulation of their gut microbiota structure.The change of ACE index indicated that aerobic exercise could increase the diversity of gut microbiota.&#x0D; ③ Combined the correlation analysis of gut microbiota diversity index showed that there were tight correlation between the serum oxidant/anti-oxidant indexes and the gut microbiota composition and structure. It might caused metabolic disorders and eventually increased fat accumulation and changed the host body phenotype.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

Effects of enzymatically hydrolyzed wheat gluten on growth performance, antioxidant status and immune function in weaned pigs

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of enzymatically hydrolyzed wheat gluten (HWG) on growth performance, serum antioxidant indices, immune functions, and small intestinal mucosal mo...

Diets Containing Shiitake Mushroom Reduce Serum Lipids and Serum Lipophilic Antioxidant Capacity in Rats

Background: We previously reported that dietary intake of shiitake mushroom (SM; Lentinus edodes) decreased serum concentrations of polar lipids in male rats.Objective: This study evaluated the dietary effects of SM on serum cholesterol–related and serum antioxidant indexes in rats of both sexes.Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats [38 dams and their offspring (20 males and 20 females/diet)] were fed diets containing 0 (control), 1%, 4%, or 10% (wt:wt) SM powder from gestation day 4 through to postnatal day (PND) 126. Biochemical indexes were monitored during the midgrowth phase (PNDs 50–66).Results: The food consumption by offspring fed the control diet and diets supplemented with SM was not different when measured on PND 65. However, the 4% and 10% SM diets resulted in male rats with 7% lower body weights than those of the other 2 groups on PND 66. SM consumption dose-dependently decreased the concentrations of lipidemia-related factors in sera, irrespective of sex. At PND 50, serum concentrations of total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and non-HDL cholesterol in SM-fed male and female rats were generally lower (3–27%) than those in the corresponding control groups. Consumption of the 10% SM diet resulted in significantly decreased (55%) serum triglyceride concentrations relative to the control groups for both sexes. The 10% SM diet elicited a 62% reduction of serum leptin concentrations in females but not in males, and this same diet increased serum insulin (137%) and decreased serum glucose (15%) in males compared with controls. Serum lipophilic antioxidant capacity in males and females fed SM diets was generally lower (31–86%) than that in the control groups.Conclusion: SM decreased the concentrations of lipidemia-related factors in rat sera irrespective of sex. The SM-elicited reduction of lipophilic antioxidant capacity irrespective of sex may reflect a lower pro-oxidative state and, hence, improved metabolic profile.

Effects of yeast products on the intestinal morphology, barrier function, cytokine expression, and antioxidant system of weaned piglets.

The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of a mixture of yeast culture, cell wall hydrolysates, and yeast extracts (collectively "yeast products," YP) on the performance, intestinal physiology, and health of weaned piglets. A total of 90 piglets weaned at 21 d of age were blocked by body weight, sex, and litter and randomly assigned to one of three treatments for a 14-d feeding experiment, including (1) a basal diet (control), (2) 1.2 g/kg of YP, and (3) 20 mg/kg of colistin sulfate (CSE). No statistically significant differences were observed in average daily feed intake, average daily weight gain, or gain-to-feed ratio among CSE, YP, and control piglets. Increased prevalence of diarrhea was observed among piglets fed the YP diet, whereas diarrhea was less prevalent among those fed CSE. Duodenal and jejunal villus height and duodenal crypt depth were greater in the control group than they were in the YP or CSE groups. Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) in the duodenal and jejunal villi were enhanced by YP, whereas IEL in the ileal villi were reduced in weaned piglets fed YP. Secretion of jejunal and ileal interleukin-10 (IL-10) was higher and intestinal and serum antioxidant indexes were affected by YP and CSE. In YP- and CSE-supplemented animals, serum D-lactate concentration and diamine oxidase (DAO) activity were both increased, and intestinal mRNA expressions of occludin and ZO-1 were reduced as compared to the control animals. In conclusion, YP supplementation in the diets of weaned piglets appears to increase the incidence of diarrhea and has adverse effects on intestinal morphology and barrier function.