Serous Inflammation Research Articles

Comparison of Gross Pathology between Classical and Recombinant Lumpy Skin Disease Viruses.

The pathology caused by three different isolates of lumpy skin disease virus, classical field cluster 1.2 strain Dagestan/2015, recombinant vaccine-like cluster 2.1 strain Saratov/2017, and cluster 2.2 strain Udmurtiya/2019, in cattle was compared from experimental infections. The infection of cattle was performed using intravenous administration of 2 mL of 105 TCID50/mL of each specific LSDV. Both classical and recombinant forms of LSDV cause pathological changes in the skin and lymph nodes, as well as the trachea and lungs. Due to circulatory disorders in the affected organs, multiple areas of tissue necrosis were observed, which, with the resurgence of secondary microflora, led to the development of purulent inflammation. Observed pathological changes caused by the recombinant vaccine-like strain Udmurtiya/2019 were characterized by a more pronounced manifestation of the pathoanatomical picture compared to the classical field strains Dagestan/2015 and Saratov/2017. Interestingly, Dagestan/2015 and Udmurtiya/2019 caused damage to the lymph nodes, characterized by serous inflammation and focal purulent lymphadenitis caused by purulent microflora. "Saratov/2017" did not cause pathology in the lymph nodes. All LSDVs were virulent and caused pathology, which was not distinguishable between viruses. This data set will serve as the experimentally validated basis for the comparative examination of novel LSDV strains in gross pathology.

Pathological changes in traumatization of the upper jaw under the conditions of sinus lifting simulation in rats

Background. Simulation of surgical interventions in the maxillofacial region provokes a number of physiological reactive changes in the body of experimental animals. Thus, it was revealed that there are changes in the balance of the autonomic nervous system, activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and adrenergic systems, changes in behavioral reactions, as well as the occurrence of anxiety state. At the same time, the morphological causes of such reactions are not fully understood. Aims. The study provides data on morphological changes in the area of experimental trauma of the upper jaw during modeling of sinus lifting, dental implantation in rats. Materials and Methods. The study used male rats of the Wistar line weighing 210-280 g. Surgical interventions in all groups were performed under general anesthesia with the introduction of a solution of Zoletil 100 into the tail vein. In the first group, septoplasty (n=10) was simulated by the standard method by zigzag scarification of the nasal mucosa according to the standard method. In the second group (n=10), dental implantation with a titanium implant was performed after the hole was formed using a drill. In the third group (n=10), only a hole was made in the alveolar process of the upper jaw without subsequent manipulations. This group was a comparison group for groups with dental surgical interventions. In the fourth group, 10 rats underwent sinus lifting with bone chips with simultaneous implantation of a titanium implant. In the fifth group (n=10), with the help of a microdrill through a pre–formed hole in the alveolar process of the upper jaw, maxillary sinus was performed with damage to the mucous membrane of the ipsilateral maxillary sinus. Results. First group. On day 2, there was focal desquamation of a single-layer multi-row ciliated epithelium with local defects up to the basement membrane, multiple hemorrhages (extensive, with the presence of blood clots) in the mucosal lamina proper, mucosal edema (common), moderate diffuse infiltration (polymorphocellular). On the 4th day, signs of acute exudative serous inflammation were revealed. Second group. On the 2nd day, the wound surface contained cellular detritus, leukocytes, blood clots and a scab that did not adhere to the wound surface. (Fig. 2). On the 4th day, the signs of inflammation were not significant, macrophages, fibroblasts and lymphocytes predominated at the site of injury. On the 6th day, the formation of a clear demarcation line in the area of damage was noted with the formation of a shaft containing leukocytes and fibroblasts. Third group. On the 2nd and 4th days, the condition of the damaged tissues was characterized by the formation of scabs consisting of cellular detritus, necrotized tissue, leukocytes, erythrocytes (Fig. 4). On the 6th day, an accumulation of fibroblast-like cells, macrophages, and the formation of fibers of newly formed connective tissue was observed in the area of damage. Fourth group. On the 2nd and 4th days, extensive hemorrhages, the formation of scabs consisting of cellular detritus, necrotized tissue, leukocytes, erythrocytes were noted in this group. Fifth group. On the 2nd and 4th days, multiple hemorrhages with the presence of exudate blood clots were observed in the area of injury. Cellular detritus and necrotic tissue were present. Mucosal edema was widespread with extensive polymorphocellular infiltration. Conclusion. Different surgical interventions lead to different morphological changes, which probably affects the severity of physiological reactions under surgical stress.

The State of the Nasal Cavity of Patients with Exudative Otitis Media

The state of intranasal structures was compared in patients with EOM and AR and EOM without AR. It was determined that the most likely cause of the violation of the protective function of the nasal mucosa in patients with EOM and AR is serous inflammation, manifested by a number of structural and functional changes. Structural changes are characterized by de-epithelialization of the mucous membrane in the acute phase, an increase in the number of goblet cells, a change in the viscosity of the medium, and a change in the pH of the medium. Each of the described processes ultimately leads to a slowdown in mucociliary transport, which occurs in the patients with EOM and AR that we examined. Thus, the curvature of the nasal septum and other features of the architectonics of intranasal structures in patients with EOM to a lesser extent than in patients with EOM and AR affect the development of the disease.

Морфологическая особенность слизистой оболочки барабанной полости при экссудативном среднем отите и ее изменения на фоне ультразвуковой региональной лимфотропной терапии

The article presents the comparative results of the morphological studies of the mucous membrane of the tympanic cavity in experimental exudative and purulent otitis media (EOM, POM). Thirty male Wister rats with a body weight between 180 g and 250 g were included into the experiment and divided into four groups, including intact individuals with simulated EOM and POM, ultrasonic regional lymphotropic therapy in EOM modeling. The material for morphological examination taken on the 4th and 12th days was processed according to the standard method and studied by light microscopy at different magnifications (×40, ×100, ×200, ×400). It was shown that in the initial stage (4th day) of the process in the second and third groups a similar reaction takes place in the form of the formation of serous exudate and leukocyte infiltration of the mucous membrane of the tympanic cavity. By the 12th day of the experiment, in each otitis forms, a discrepancy in morphological manifestations was detected, such as sluggish serous inflammation, edema, round cell leukocyte infiltration of the mucoperiost, without pronounced destruction of the epithelial tissue in exudative otitis media; and prominent destruction of the epithelium with disintegration of its deep structures in purulent otitis. Ultrasound regional lymphotropic therapy of exudative otitis media led to a decrease in the severity of the infiltrative reaction and restoration of the integrity of the epithelial layer of the mucous membrane of the tympanic cavity. The conducted studies incline the authors to recognize the inflammatory theory of the pathogenesis of exudative otitis media.

About erysipeloid therapy

The source of infection is meat and fish affected by the pathogen, and the pathogen is a gram-positive bacillus, which penetrates through injuries and microtraumas of the skin. At the same time, serous inflammation occurs in the papillary and reticular layers of the skin, as well as in the subcutaneous tissue. The process may involve the ligamentous apparatus and interphalangeal joints.

Evaluation of a Proarrhythmic Repolarization Marker (Total Cosine R to T) in Patients With Uncomplicated Familial Mediterranean Fever.

The study group included 56 FMF patients without amyloidosis, diagnosed with FMF according to published criteria and 131 control subjects, unaffected with FMF. A 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) was performed according to strict standards. Electrocardiogram files were processed with Python-based computer software. Patients were followed for 10 to 12 years, and the rate of cardiac complications was evaluated. Other than FMF and prescription of colchicine, both groups had similar medical and demographic background. TCRT results were similar for a randomly selected beat (0.40 ± 0.06 vs 0.50 ± 0.04, p > 0.05) and for an averaged beat (0.39 ± 0.06 vs 0.50 ± 0.04, p > 0.05) in FMF patients and control subjects, respectively. Correction of average TCRT for heart rate also resulted in similar TCRTc values in patients and control groups (0.42 ± 0.07 s vs 0.51 ± 0.05 s, respectively, p > 0.05). During the follow-up period, none of the patients died, and no patient developed clinical symptoms suggestive of ventricular arrhythmias. Colchicine treated uncomplicated FMF patients have normal TCRT and TCRTc values, implying low risk for cardiac arrhythmias in this population. Future studies should evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of this marker in high-risk FMF populations, such as those who developed AA amyloidosis.

CLARIFICATION OF DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS


 The diagnostic criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus were first proposed in 1971 by the American College of Rheumatology. Though they have been revised several times (in 1982 and 1997), but, according to the information in the literary sources and our own clinical experience, the diagnosis may often be obvious, but the number of criteria is not sufficient and vice versa. This study aimed at improving diagnostic criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Materials and methods. 370 subjects (331 women, 89.46%, and 39 men, 10.54%, whose mean age was 41.24 ± 0.63 years) with confirmed diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus made up the main group. The comparison group included 234 patients (150 women, 64.10%, and 84 men, 35.90%), whose mean age was 48.82 ± 0.85 years) diagnosed to have rheumatic diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthropathy). Through the period of 2010 – 2018 all the participants were subjected to comprehensive clinical laboratory and instrumental examination of all their organs and systems before starting the treatment. The obtained data were analyzed by MS Excel and SPSS by contingency tables with the calculation of diagnostic and prognostic values ​​(the relationship was considered to be significant if the absolute value of association coefficient exceeded 0.5 or the absolute value of the contingency coefficient exceeded 0.3) and Receiver Operating Characteristic-analysis. Results. The statistical analysis allowed us to identify 14 criteria comprising 18 manifestations that indicated systemic lupus erythematosus with confirmed highest sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. They include butterfly rash, photosensitivity, serous inflammation (pericarditis, pleuritis), joint pain, muscle pain, fever, alopecia, Raynaud syndrome, livedo reticularis, nervous system impairment (cramps, psychosis), thrombocytopenia, kidney damage (proteinuria, cylindruria), anti-dsDNA antibodies, antinuclear antibodies. These criteria are highly predictive; the combination of arthralgias and the presence of anti-dsDNA antibodies allows to predict the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus in patients with an almost 100% certainty. To be diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus, patient has to meet at least three of the 14 proposed diagnostic criteria that would occur simultaneously or one after another in any period. Conclusion. We have clarified diagnostic criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus by identifying 14 criteria as follows: butterfly rash, photosensitivity, serous inflammation (pericarditis, pleuritis), joint pain, muscle pain, fever, alopecia, Raynaud syndrome, neurological disorders (cramps, psychosis), livedo reticularis, thrombocytopenia, kidney damage (proteinuria, cylindruria), anti-dsDNA antibodies, and antinuclear antibodies.

Exposure to ethion alters rhythmic dynamicity of milieu interior of poultry following exposure at cage system of rearing in Ruhelkhand climatic zone

ABSTRACT The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of ethion in biological rhythmicity in cage system rearing. Twenty-four poultry birds were divided into four groups (n = 6) and were administered with ethion i.e. group I (control), group II (2.5 mg/kg body weight), group III (5.0 mg/kg body weight) and group IV (7.5 mg/kg body weight) via per os route, respectively, for 30 days. After two lunar cycles, findings revealed a significant reduction in bodyweight and absolute organ weight of liver and spleen and haemoglobin in intoxicated groups as compared to control. Haematological attributes showed no significant change. Serum glucose showed a significant reduction in intoxicated groups whereas cholesterol, serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen showed a significant increase in ethion treated groups as compared to control. Cholinesterase showed significant inhibition in ethion-treated groups. Histopathological studies revealed serous inflammation in group II and moderate to severe degeneration and cellular infiltration in group III and IV, respectively. SEM revealed changes in surface topography in ethion treated groups as compared to control. It is concluded from the above study that ethion produces altered nephric and sanguineous rhythmicity following exposure for two fortnights in dose and time-dependent manner as evident through increment in nephric impairment markers as serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen alongside pathological alterations in histopathological and electron microscopical findings.

Morpho-experimental substantiation of application of electroplating dentures for patients with missing teeth and periodontitis

The choice of material for the manufacture of prostheses in patients with inflammatory periodontal diseases is of particular relevance. When using plates from cobalt-chromium alloy with electroplating destructive changes in the tissues are less pronounced. In response to damage, aseptic serous inflammation develops. Granulation tissue is formed in the wound, healing occurs by primary tension and in a shorter time. The results of the study allow to predict that the use of electroplating will significantly improve the clinical efficiency of the use of clasp prostheses in patients with periodontal disease, as the gold-containing coating has the properties of bioinert, has a clinical and biological advantage in predicting the long-term results of orthopedic treatment.

Freeze-dried collagen implant for the surgical treatment of trans-sphincteric anal fistula

The aim — to improve the surgical treatment results of trans­sphincteric anal fistulas with freeze­dried collagen implant.Materials and methods. 88 patients with trans­sphincteric fistulas of rectum were operated in the of Surgery and Proctology Department from 2012 to 2017. Patients were aged 25 to 65 years old, average age constituted 54.3 ± 2.1 years. Men — 54 (61.3 %), women — 32 (38.7 %). A transanal ultrasound study with complex substance and a circular image sensor (5 — 7.5 MHz) was performed in all patients. 32 patients (36.4 %) had front, 26 (29.5 %) — lateral and 30 (34.1 %) — posterior fistulas, according to the study. Patients were divided into 2 groups depending on the method of surgical treatment. First group comprised 44 patients who were treated with the freeze­dried allogeneic collagen implant by original technic and a comparison group of 44 patients who used traditional surgical treatment methods of rectal fistulas (the fistula excision in the lumen of the gut — in 28 (63.6 %) observations, Seton Placement (ligation) — in 16 (36.4 %)). The effectiveness of operations was assessed by comparing the immediate and long­term results.Results and discussion. 2 patients (4.5 %) in the first group appeared to have wound abscess, 4 (9.1 %) — serous inflammation of operative wound. Anal incontinence was hardly in evidence. The wound healed on 10.0 ± 1.1 day. In the comparison group, local complications were observed in the early postoperative period in the form of wound suppuration in 9 (20.4 %) patients, partial incontinence of gases in 10 (22.7 %), anal incontinence of the first degree in 8 (18.9 %) %), persistent anal incontinence — in 6 (13.6 %). The wound healed on average 24.0 ± 2.1 days. Long­term results of treatment (1 to 24 months) were examined by observation and questioning of 42 patients in the main group and 41 — in comparison groups. Relapse of the disease in the main group occurred in 2 (4.7 %) patients, in the comparison group — in 7 (17.1 %). In the comparison group, stable anal incontinence was also observed in 6 (14.6 %) and partial incontinence in 8 (19.5 %).Conclusions. Surgical treatment of trans­sphincteric fistulas with freeze­dried collagen implant provides ensures reliable closure of the internal fistula opening and helps reduce the relapse rate to 4.7 compared to 17.1 % using traditional techniques.

Взаємозв’язок ультразвукових і патоморфологічних змін при бактеріальних лімфаденітах у дітей

Objective: to analyse the results of ultrasonic evaluation with cytomorphological changes in bacterial lymphadenitis in children, depending on the stage of inflammation and its nature. Material and methods. In total 23 ultrasonic and cytomorphological reports of paediatric patients who underwent treatment for acute bacterial lymphadenitis in our clinic between 2013 and 2018 were evaluated. The ultrasound was performed using the LogiQ 5 device with a linear 7.5 MHz sensor. Excisional biopsy was performed. Histological examination was carried out according to the standard protocols, using light microscopy with 200–400 magnifications. Results. In 23 analysed samples of lymph nodes, granulomatous-necrotic inflammation was found predominantly as pathological result (in 18 cases that made up 78.2%). The most common ultrasonic manifestations were significant increase in size with a tendency towards rounding. Parenchyma presented by pronounced heterogeneity, due to the alternation of hypo- and anechoic areas. In some cases, with the BCG-associated lymphadenitis, small hyperechoic inclusions have been identified, which were represented by the sites of calcification in the histologic specimens. Using the colour flow mapping, a pronounced reduction or absence of intranodular blood flow with its increase in the adjacent tissues with purulent inflammation was revealed. The abovementioned ultrasound data was also noted in non-specific lymphadenitis in the stage of serous inflammation with signs of initial abscessing, which was confirmed histologically by the presence of sites of micro-abscessing. Conclusions. Comparison of ultrasound data in bacterial lymphadenitis with the results of histologic examination revealed connection between ultrasonic structure and pathomorphological signs, depending on the stage of inflammation and its nature.

LYMPHOTROPIC ANTIBACTERIAL THERAPY IN THE TREATMENT OF ACUTE LYMPHADENITIS IN CHILDREN

The aim: to determine the effectiveness of lymphotropic antibacterial therapy of acute lymphadenitis in children.Materials and methods. To solve this problem at the Surgical department №2 of Kiev City Children’s Hospital № 1 there were selected 60 patients aged 3 years with acute bacterial LA of various locations. According to recent antibiotic therapy method the patients were divided into two groups of 30 people: lymphotropic injections were administered in the first (comparative) group and parenteral injections - in the second (control) one. Each of the groups was divided in two subgroups depending on the stage of inflammation, exudative phase-change infiltration and abscess formation. The distribution of patients in these groups according to the age, process locations was equal. Regional lymphotropic injection was carried out in the area between the first and second fingers, feet toes or mastoid area according to the traditional method by using 0,25% novocaine. Lymphotropic gentamicin ingections were administered at a dose of 1 mg / kg / day with 24- hour intervals between doses during the first two days, later with the day and night interval, parenterally there was administered gentamicin at a dose of 2mg / kg / day with 8- hour interval.The local treatment of serous lymphadenitis was carried out by dimexide and rifampicin solution applications and UHF therapy, in case of abscess formation surgical intervention was performed. Dynamic temperature response, laboratory parameters (level of white blood cells and differential leukocyte count, ESR), ultrasound pictures and local reactions indices were used to evaluate the results. The criterion for discontinuing the antibiotic therapy was the normalization of body temperature, positive dynamics of local changes and ultrasound data, normalization of laboratory parameters.Results. The following figures were received during the study. For the time of hospitalization 53% of children, mostly younger aged, with LA in cervical-maxillofacial area suffered from deteriorated health condition. The temperature rise was observed in 86.6% (52) of cases, but it reached hectic values only in 13.3% (8) of cases. At purulent LA after surgery, the temperature normalized during the first day in 61.1% of children (11) of the comparative group, and by the end of the second day - in 94.4% (17), whereas in the control group this index was normal in 88.8% (16) of patients only for the third day. In case of serous LA the normal temperature reaction was observed on the third day of the LT in 83.3% (10) of cases in the comparative group, whereas in the control group it was 66.7% (8).At the time of hospital admission the laboratory data in both groups indicated the inflammation: leukocytosis with a shift to the left in the differential count in 80% (48) of cases, increased ESR in 60% (36) of cases and the high C-reactive protein concentration in 76.6% (46) cases. When using lymphotropic antibacterial therapy (comparative group) there was observed accelerated normalization of the laboratory values: on the third day the leukocytes level and differential leukocyte count were within the age norm in 93.3% of patients, whereas in the control group such result was observed only on the fifth day. ESR levels were moderately elevated in both groups and were normalized slower.Postsurgical wound healing in both groups was simultaneous, by contrast with acute serous LA, where the comparison group experienced faster normalization, especially when concerned the reduced swelling of lymph nodes and local pain.The average number of lymphotropic injections of AB was 4 and the parenteral injections were 10. The average bed day in the control group with acute purulent LA was 7.0, while in case of serous LA it was 8.3, whereas in the control - 9.5 respectively.Conclusions.1.The use of lymphotropic therapy in acute lymphadenitis in children is pathogenetically substantiated.2.There was observed quicker normalization of temperature reactions, laboratory parameters and local manifestations when using lymphotropic antibacterial therapy in the treatment of bacterial lymphadenitis, both in the stage of serous inflammation and abscess formation3. The use of lymphotropic therapy in two children with the early stage of the lymph nodes destruction (according to ultrasound data) has allowed to avoid festering and achieve recovery conservatively.4. The use of regional lymphotropic administration of AB in case of this pathology makes it possible to insert the drug 1 time every 24-48 hours and thereby 2-3 times reduce the total dosage, as well as the number of injections. It is important, not only economically, but also taking into account the sensitization reduction and toxic effects of antibiotic therapy.

Деякі макроскопічні зміни у внутрішніх органах поросят-сисунів за колібактеріозу

In recent years the country has significantly decreased not only the number of pigs, but also the production of the pork. In many households, it has become unprofitable. It is established that one of the reasons of decrease in manufacture of pork is too high the waste of young (35–40% of born piglets). In this critical situation there are many factors, but one of these are communicable diseases, particularly Colibacteriosis. Colibacteriosis is an acute infectious disease of young animals, from the literature it is known that sick piglets in the first days (5–7 days after birth, and less commonly 7–14 days). The percentage loss of piglets infected with Colibacteriosis in the age of 1–14 days is 35–40% and more. The main causes of their illness consider infected the surrounding objects, colostrum, dairy utensils, air, hands and clothing of attendants, as well as contact with rats and home mice. Also, one of the main causes of morbidity piglets is a violation of the zoo technical and veterinary-sanitary rules of the maintenance, feeding and care of ewes, newborn animals and young animals during the period of weaning from the ewes. This disease is prevalent in many countries, including it is widespread in pig farms of Ukraine. In the available domestic and foreign literature adequately describes the diagnosis and treatment of Colibacteriosis in piglets, but macroscopic changes are described incompletely.The aim of this work was to examine in more detail the macroscopic changes in internal organs of piglets that died from Colibacteriosis. To achieve this goal were the following objectives: to conduct a postmortem autopsy of piglets infected with Colibacteriosis, and to study macroscopic changes in internal organs of animals with this disease and describe macroscopic changes in internal organs that were not previously described. The research was carried out during 2016–2017 years on the basis of one of the pig farms of industrial type and of the Department of pathological anatomy, National University of life and environmental Sciences of Ukraine. The material for the study served as the corpses of 10 piglets that died from Colibacteriosis. Postmortem autopsy of piglets, carried out in the dorsal position by the method of partial evisceration at the Department of pathological anatomy of the University. When conducting autopsy piglets that died from Colibacteriosis were established following changes in the internal organs of animals: serous inflammation of the small intestine, serous-hemorrhagic lymphadenitis, in the spleen were recorded hyperplasia of lymphoid nodules and hypertrophy, granular dystrophy of liver and heart, and venous congestion and pulmonary edema.

The case of detection of histiocytosis in nursing infant primarily diagnosed as serous inflammation of middle ear

The paper describes a case of histiocytosis in nursing infant with the clinical manifestations masking by the symptoms of acute serous otitis media and glomus tumors of the middle ear.

Aseptic meningitis. A local experience

Background: Aseptic meningitis is a serous inflammation of meninges, with lymphocyte-predominant pleocytosis in the cerebrospinal fluid. Clinical manifestations include acute headache, meningeal signs and fever, in a patient with no septic appearance. Prognosis depends on the subjacent cause.Objective: Review the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of adult patients diagnosed with aseptic meningitis. Describe CSF findings, and etiologic study performed.Patients and methods: Over a 6 months period, 9 patients with confirmed aseptic meningitis were included. Data was obtained from medical records. Patients with normal CSF, not evaluated by a neurologist or imaging suggesting other diagnosis, were excluded. IRB approval was obtained.Results: 7 cases were women. Mean age was 37 years. Main symptom was headache. 2 cases presented some degree of impairment of consciousness. 1/3 had neck stiffness. None had fever or rash. 2/3 had normal Leukocytes and CRP. Mean WCC was 98 cel/mm3 (with >95% monocytes); mean CSF protein 0,98 g/L, and 2 cases had CSF/serum glucose ratio of <0,4. In only 3 patients, viral PCR was performed, of which 1 was positive for HSV-2. One case was diagnosed with carcinomatous meningitis, and 2 cases with autoimmune etiology. 4 patients were treated with intravenous acyclovir.Conclusion: Aseptic meningitis occurred mostly in young adults. No patient presented fever and few had meningeal irritation signs. Most had normal systemic inflammatory parameters. There was insufficient etiologic study; only in 1/3 of the cases viruses were investigated. Acyclovir may be overused. Etiological study is needed, to rationalize use of antiviral and establish prognosis. Background: Aseptic meningitis is a serous inflammation of meninges, with lymphocyte-predominant pleocytosis in the cerebrospinal fluid. Clinical manifestations include acute headache, meningeal signs and fever, in a patient with no septic appearance. Prognosis depends on the subjacent cause. Objective: Review the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of adult patients diagnosed with aseptic meningitis. Describe CSF findings, and etiologic study performed. Patients and methods: Over a 6 months period, 9 patients with confirmed aseptic meningitis were included. Data was obtained from medical records. Patients with normal CSF, not evaluated by a neurologist or imaging suggesting other diagnosis, were excluded. IRB approval was obtained. Results: 7 cases were women. Mean age was 37 years. Main symptom was headache. 2 cases presented some degree of impairment of consciousness. 1/3 had neck stiffness. None had fever or rash. 2/3 had normal Leukocytes and CRP. Mean WCC was 98 cel/mm3 (with >95% monocytes); mean CSF protein 0,98 g/L, and 2 cases had CSF/serum glucose ratio of <0,4. In only 3 patients, viral PCR was performed, of which 1 was positive for HSV-2. One case was diagnosed with carcinomatous meningitis, and 2 cases with autoimmune etiology. 4 patients were treated with intravenous acyclovir. Conclusion: Aseptic meningitis occurred mostly in young adults. No patient presented fever and few had meningeal irritation signs. Most had normal systemic inflammatory parameters. There was insufficient etiologic study; only in 1/3 of the cases viruses were investigated. Acyclovir may be overused. Etiological study is needed, to rationalize use of antiviral and establish prognosis.

Pathomorphological and microbiological studies in sheep with special emphasis on gastrointestinal tract disorders.

Aim:The present study was envisaged to elucidate the pathomorphological and microbiological aspects of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) disorders of sheep/lambs.Materials and Methods:Samples for research were collected from 12 sheep died with a history of GIT disorders which were brought for post-mortem examination to the Department of Veterinary Pathology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, for pathomorphological and microbiological examination.Results:Gross pathological changes in various organs noticed were abomasitis, congestion and hemorrhages in intestine; necrotic foci on liver surface; enlarged, hard, and indurated mesenteric lymph nodes, hydropericardium, congestion, hemorrhages and consolidation of lungs and congestion and soft kidneys as the major change. On histopathological examination, there were abomasitis with leukocyte infiltration, enteritis with desquamation of mucosal epithelium and goblet cell hyperplasia, lymphadenitis with depletion of lymphocytes in the germinal center of lymphoid follicle, and splenitis with depletion of lymphocytes in the white pulp. In the liver congestion, degenerative changes in hepatocytes including cloudy swelling, fatty changes, congestion in sinusoids, and dilatation of sinusoids leading to atrophy of hepatocytes. Lungs evidenced edema, congestion, emphysema, serous inflammation, thickening of interlobular septa, fibrinous pleuritis, and peribronchiolar lymphoid follicle formation. Heart revealed sarcocystosis, fibrinous pericarditis, and hyalinization of the myocardium. In kidneys, congestion, focal interstitial nephritis, hyaline degeneration, and coagulative necrosis were seen. For microbiological aspects; cultural isolation was done from samples of liver, abomasum, mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen, heart blood, lungs, and kidneys from the carcasses of sheep/lambs. Escherichia coli was the only bacterium isolated during present studies. E. coli isolates from different tissues of carcasses of sheep/lambs were subjected to in-vitro drug sensitivity testing. Ciprofloxacin, cefixime, polymyxin B, amoxicillin + sulbactam, and amoxicillin + clavulanic acid were the most sensitive drugs followed by amikacin, ofloxacin, ampicillin, co-trimoxazole, and amoxicillin.Conclusions:From the present study, it is reasonable to conclude that the major etiopathological cause of GIT disorders in sheep was E. coli infection, which causes a pathomorphological effect on various cadaver organs viz. abomasum, intestine, liver, mesenteric lymph nodes, lungs, spleen, kidneys, and heart followed by parasitic infection of Haemonchus contortus.

Toxicity of ZnO nanoparticles in healthy adult mice

In this study, we extended previous work to evaluate the oral toxicity of ZnO nanoparticles and their possible effects on different serum-elements and sexual hormones in the mouse. The histopathological changes have also been examined. Significant recorded increases in alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activity in all mice exposed to ZnO nanoparticles suggest that these nanoparticles can cause hepatic injury. Hepatocyte necrosis and other pathological observations also confirmed liver damage. Moreover, Glomeruli segmentation, hydropic degeneration in epithelial cells, necrosis of epithelial cells in tubules and swelling in epithelial cells of proximal tubules were found in all kidney tissues, which demonstrated that ZnO nanoparticles have severe toxicological effects on kidney. Serous inflammation, severe hyperemia in alveoli, and edema were observed as pathological findings in the lung which suggest that the lung is the third target tissue of the ZnO nanoparticles.

Recurrent meningitis due to epidermoid

Aseptic meningitis is characterized by noninfective serous inflammation of the meninges. It can occur in a recurrent fashion when associated with dermoid and epidermoid cysts due to rupture of cyst contents into subarachnoid space resulting in aseptic chemical meningitis. Bacterial meningitis in association with these tumors is commonly related to a coexisting dermal sinus tract and the most common organism is Staphylococcus aureus.

Application of intraocular biopsy in the diagnosis of atypical intraocular lesions

Objective To evaluate the application value of intraocular biopsy in the diagnosis of atypical intraocular lesions. Methods The clinical data of 31 patients (31 eyes) with atypical intraocular lesions were retrospectively analyzed. All patients received intraocular biopsy including anterior chamber puncture, vitreous puncture and vitreous biopsy followed by pathological cell examination. Cytological examination was immediately performed for all biopsy fluids or tissues;biopsy times, the positive detecting rate and independent pathological diagnosis rate were analyzed. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were observed. Eyeballs with biopsy-suggested malignancy lesions were enucleated and underwent histopathological analysis. The biopsy results and histopathological results were compared and analyzed. Result Thirty-one eyes received 35 times of biopsy operation in total. The available samples harvested from 29 patients through 31 operations were valid for pathological cell examination, the positive detecting rate was 88.6%. Among the 31 eyes, 12 eyes had malignant lesions;15 eyes had benign lesions;two eyes were diagnosed with benign lesions initially, but corrected to malignant through the second biopsy;the lesions in two eyes were not determined by biopsy. Among the 29 eyes with valid biopsy, 23 eyes were diagnosed independently by pathological examination;the diagnosis of the other six eyes was made based on pathological examination and clinical features. The independent pathological diagnosis rate was 71.4%. The complications included intraocular bleeding in five eyes, retinal detachment in three eyes and more serous inflammation in one eye. The sensitivity for diagnosis of malignant lesions was 85.7% and the specificity was 100.0%. The predictive value of positive test was 100.0% and the negative one was 86.7%.Conclusion Intraocular biopsy has important values in the diagnosis of atypical intraocular lesions. Key words: Retinal diseases/diagnosis; Biopsy, Needle; Vitrectomy

Familial Mediterranean fever in a large Lebanese family: Multiple MEFV mutations and evidence for a Founder effect of the p.[M694I] mutation

Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is an autoinflammatory autosomal recessive disease characterized by recurrent fever crises and serous inflammation. The MEFV gene responsible for the disease was identified on chromosome 16, and 5 of the mutations discovered so far in the gene are most frequently encountered in FMF patients: p.[M694V], p.[V726A], p.[M680I] and p.[M694I] in exon 10, and p.[E148Q] in exon 2. The present work describes multiple MEFV mutations and the corresponding haplotypes for 31 FMF patients as well as 32 “healthy” individuals of a large consanguineous Lebanese family. The DNAs were screened for MEFV mutations, and determination of the corresponding haplotypes was performed for all individuals by genotyping 4 microsatellites surrounding the gene. Five different mutations were detected in this one family, which is unexpected in such a genetic isolate. A phenotypic variability was also observed. The haplotype carrying the p.[M694I] allele, detected in all the family branches, was well conserved and therefore seems to be the ancestral one.